Sondas de gastrostomía: indicaciones y complicaciones infecciosas en un hospital terciario / Gastrostomy tubes: indications and infectious complications in a tertiary hospital

Introducción. La sonda de gastrostomía es la modalidad de elección para nutrición enteral de larga duración. Entre sus limitaciones, las infecciones representan la complicación menor de mayor prevalencia. Nuestro objetivo se centra en conocer el número y tipo de sondas de gastrostomía (SG), así como, las características de los pacientes y la prevalencia y tipo de complicaciones infecciosas en nuestro hospital. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo observacional desde enero de 2010 a julio de 2015 mediante revisión de la historia clínica electrónica y el software de gestión del laboratorio de microbiología de nuestro hospital. Se ha analizado la identificación y la sensibilidad antibiótica de todos los aislados microbianos de pacientes con SG durante el periodo de estudio. Resultados. Se realizó gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea en 203 pacientes (70,5%) y gastrostomía quirúrgica en 85 (29,5%). La principal razón identificada para iniciar nutrición enteral a través de SG fue la neoplasia maligna (33,3%), destacando el cáncer de labio, cavidad oral y faringe (11,8%) y el de los diferentes órganos digestivos (8,7%). La prevalencia global de infección del orificio de gastrostomía fue del 16,6%. Los aislados bacterianos más frecuentes fueron: Staphylococcus aureus (21,3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13,1%) y Escherichia coli (9,8). La tasa de aislados multirresistentes fue del 3,1%. Conclusión. Las indicaciones y el tipo de SG, así como, la prevalencia y microorganismos responsables de complicaciones infecciosas son similares a las publicadas en la literatura. Este estudio permite la adaptación de los protocolos de profilaxis, así como de tratamiento antibiótico empírico al conocer la etiología y la sensibilidad antibiótica de los microorganismos responsables de infección (AU)

Introduction. Gastrostomy tube is the best option for long-term enteral nutrition. Among its limitations, infections represent the most frequent minor complication. Our aim is the knowledge of the number and type of gastrostomy tubes and its main indication in our hospital. In addition, prevalence of infectious complications was studied paying attention to the main etiologic agents and their antibiotic susceptibility. Methods. Observational retrospective study from January 2010 to July 2015 through the electronic clinical history and the clinical microbiology laboratory software. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of clinically significant isolates from patients with suspicion of gastrostomy tube infection have been analysed. Results. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was performed in 203 patients (70.5%) and surgical gastrostomy in 85 (29.5%). The main reason identified for starting enteral nutrition through gastrostomy tube was malignant neoplasy, above all, lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer (11.8%) and that from digestive organs (8.7%). Global prevalence of gastrostomy tube infection was 16.6%. The most common bacterial pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (21.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.1%), and Escherichia coli (9.8%). The percentage of multi resistant isolates was 3.1%. Conclusions. Gastrostomy tube indications and type, and also, prevalence and microorganisms isolated from culture in infectious complications are similar to those described previously in the literature. The study allows the adaptation of the antibiotic prophylaxis and empirical antibiotic treatment thanks to the knowledge of the etiologic agents and their antibiotic susceptibility (AU)

Varón marroquí con espondilodiscitis de larga evolución, orquitis y endocarditis / Moroccan man with longstanding spondylodiscitis, orchitis and endocarditis

La afectación osteoarticular es la complicación más frecuente de la brucelosis. La espondilodiscitis es una complicación grave, ya que suele estar asociada con la formación de abscesos. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 43 años de edad, natural de Marruecos, con síntomas, signos y hallazgos imagenológicos de espondilodiscitis de larga evolución, orquitis y endocarditis. Mediante la realización de pruebas de laboratorio complementarias se llega al diagnóstico de infección por Brucella spp. El presente caso busca concientizar a la comunidad médica sobre la importancia de considerar la infección por Brucella spp. como diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes con sospecha de espondilodiscitis infecciosa, especialmente en aquellos pacientes con antecedentes epidemiológicos, permitiendo así realizar un acertado y oportuno diagnóstico. Este caso resulta interesante porque nunca antes se había descrito la presencia simultánea de estas tres manifestaciones de la brucelosis en un paciente inmuno competente. (Acta Med Colomb 2015; 40: 166-168).

Osteoarticular involvement is the most common complication of brucellosis. Spondylodiscitis is a serious complication as it is often associated with abscess formation. The case of a 43 years old man born in Morocco with symptoms, signs and imaging findings of longstanding spondylodiscitis, orchitis and endocarditis is presented. Through the implementation of complementary laboratory tests, diagnosis infection by Brucella spp. was made.This case aims to raise awareness in the medical community about the importance of considering Brucella spp. as a differential diagnosis in patients with suspected infectious spondylodiscitis, especially in those patients with epidemiological background, allowing make a successful and timely diagnosis. This case is interesting because never before had been described the simultaneous presence of these three manifestations of brucellosis in an immunocompetent patient. (Acta Med Colomb 2015; 40: 166-168).

Usefulness of Genotype MTBDRplus assay in acid-fast bacilli positive smear specimens in Almeria, Spain

Introduction: The urgent need for operational research evaluating test performance in a real-world setting has been highlighted. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the performance of MTBDRplus assay. Materials: According to the reference method, of the 155 clinical specimens with valid results, 147 were susceptible to rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), with 4 being multi-drug resistant (MDR) and 4 with isolated resistance to isoniazid (INH). Results: The results of the MTBDRplus assay were 100% concordant for the MDR and mono-resistant to INH specimens. However, the MTBDRplus assay showed a resistance pattern to RIF in one specimen which was classified as susceptible by the reference method. The majority of the specimens (118/75.6%) were also tested using the MTBDRplus method after culture on Lowenstein-Jensen media, showing 100% agreement with the results of the test directly from the specimens. An MTBDRplus test result was available within an average of 8 days. Conclusions: Overall, MTBDR results showed excellent results when compared with the reference method and achieved a significant time-reduction

Introducción: Es importante evaluar el desarrollo de los ensayos moleculares en la práctica diaria del laboratorio de microbiología. Materiales: Se incluyeron 155 muestras clínicas con resultado válido. De acuerdo con el método de referencia, 147 fueron sensibles a INH y RIF, 4 MDR y 4 presentaron resistencia aislada a isoniazida. Resultados: Los resultados del ensayo Genotype MTBDRplus fueron concordantes 100% en la muestras MDR y con resistencia aislada a isoniazida. Sin embargo, el ensayo Genotype MTBDRplus demostró un patrón de resistencia a RIF en una muestra que fue sensible por el método de referencia. En 118 muestras (75.6%) también se realizó el ensayo Genotype MTBDRplus sobre la cepa obtenida tras cultivo en medio Lowenstein-Jensen, mostrando un 100% de concordancia con los resultados obtenidos por el test directamente en muestra clínica. De media, los resultados del ensayo Genotype MTBDRplus estuvieron disponibles en 8 días. Conclusiones: En conjunto, el ensayo Genotype MTBDRplus mostró resultados excelentes cuando se comparó con el sistema de referencia y consiguió una reducción significativa en el tiempo de emisión de resultados

Usefulness of Genotype MTBDRplus assay in acid-fast bacilli positive smear specimens in Almeria, Spain.

INTRODUCTION: The urgent need for operational research evaluating test performance in a real-world setting has been highlighted. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the performance of MTBDRplus assay. MATERIALS: According to the reference method, of the 155 clinical specimens with valid results, 147 were susceptible to rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), with 4 being multi-drug resistant (MDR) and 4 with isolated resistance to isoniazid (INH). RESULTS: The results of the MTBDRplus assay were 100% concordant for the MDR and mono-resistant to INH specimens. However, the MTBDRplus assay showed a resistance pattern to RIF in one specimen which was classified as susceptible by the reference method. The majority of the specimens (118/75.6%) were also tested using the MTBDRplus method after culture on Lowenstein-Jensen media, showing 100% agreement with the results of the test directly from the specimens. An MTBDRplus test result was available within an average of 8 days. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, MTBDR results showed excellent results when compared with the reference method and achieved a significant time-reduction.

Role of Old Antibiotics in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance. Highlighted Nitrofurantoin for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Infections.

Bacterial infections caused by antibiotic-resistant isolates have become a major health problem in recent years, since they are very difficult to treat, leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Nitrofurantoin is a broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic that, through a complex mode of action which is not completely understood, affects both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Nitrofurantoin has been used successfully for a long time for the prophylaxis and treatment of acute lower urinary tract infections in adults, children and pregnant women, but the increased emergence of antibiotic resistance has made nitrofurantoin a suitable candidate for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. Here, we review the mechanism of action, antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacology and safety profile of nitrofurantoin. We also investigate the therapeutic use of nitrofurantoin, including recent data which highlight its role in the management of community urinary tract infection, especially in cases of multidrug-resistant isolates, in which oral active antimicrobials are limited resources nowadays.

Selecting criteria for improving results of an immunochromatographic assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex identification from BacT/ALERT cultures.

We describe a combined macro and microscopic criteria for rapid presumptive differentiation between Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) evaluated by two independent observers. This strategy achieved rapid MTC identification in most cases (95.8% expert observer and 91.6% novice observer) with significant savings compared to more expensive and unnecessary tests.