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1.
Med Intensiva ; 33(1): 40-9, 2009.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19232208

ABSTRACT

Spain has a rate of 34.4 donors per million population, making it the country with the highest rate of organ donation all over the world. In spite of these values, need of lungs for transplantation is always greater than the number of organs obtained. The adrenergic storming produced during brain herniation and the initiation of a brain death condition entail a series of pathophysiological alterations that can endanger the lung viability. In this paper, we review the evaluation of lung donor and its maintenance. In all the potential lung donors, the Apnea Test with CPAP should be done and the criteria for the donation of the lung under ideal conditions and with expanded criteria lung donors are reviewed. The protocol of aggressive maintenance including a protective ventilation strategy, restricted fluid intake, use of prophylactic antibiotics, corticosteroids and the systematic use of measures aimed at avoiding alveolar collapse together with maneuvers aimed at achieving better lung recruitment can improve the management of the lung donor and obtain a greater number of organs for transplantation.


Subject(s)
Lung Transplantation , Lung/physiopathology , Tissue Donors , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Apnea , Brain Death/diagnosis , Brain Death/physiopathology , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure , Contraindications , Humans , Lung Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Organ Preservation/methods , Patient Selection , Respiration, Artificial , Tissue Donors/statistics & numerical data , Tissue Survival/drug effects , Tissue Survival/physiology , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/standards
2.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 33(1): 40-49, feb. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-71771

ABSTRACT

España es, con 34,3, el país con mayor tasa de donantes por millón de población. A pesar de estas cifras, la necesidad de pulmones para trasplante es siempre mayor que el número de órganos obtenidos. La tormenta simpática catecolamínica producida durante el enclavamiento cerebral y la instauración de una situación de muerte encefálica conlleva una serie de alteraciones fisiopatológicas que pueden poner en peligro la viabilidad del pulmón. En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión sobre la evaluación del donante pulmonar y su mantenimiento. Se recomienda realizar, en todos los donantes potenciales de pulmón, el test de apnea con CPAP y se repasan los criterios para la donación de pulmón tanto en condiciones ideales como procedentes de donantes subóptimos. La protocolización de un mantenimiento agresivo que incluya una estrategia ventilatoria protectora, restricción en el aporte de líquidos, uso de antibióticos profilácticos, corticoides, y el uso sistemático de medidas encaminadas a evitar el colapso alveolar, junto con maniobras destinadas a conseguir un mayor reclutamiento pulmonar, puede optimizar el manejo del donante pulmonar y obtener un mayor número de órganos para trasplante


Spain has a rate of 34.4 donors per million population, making it the country with the highest rate of organ donation all over the world. In spite of these values, need of lungs for transplantation is always greater than the number of organs obtained. The adrenergic storming produced during brain herniation and the initiation of a brain death condition entail a series of pathophysiological alterations that can endanger the lung viability. In this paper, we review the evaluation of lung donor and its maintenance. In all the potential lung donors, the Apnea Test with CPAP should be done and the criteria for the donation of the lung under ideal conditions and with expanded criteria lung donors are reviewed. The protocol of aggressive maintenance including a protective ventilation strategy, restricted fluid intake, use of prophylactic antibiotics, corticosteroids and the systematic use of measures aimed at avoiding alveolar collapse together with maneuvers aimed at achieving better lung recruitment can improve the management of the lung donor and obtain a greater number of organs for transplantation


Subject(s)
Humans , Lung Transplantation , Tissue Donors , Tissue and Organ Procurement/methods , Brain Death
3.
Rev. esp. patol ; 41(2): 131-133, abr.-jun. 2008. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68298

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El frecuente uso de la punción aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) como técnica diagnóstica obliga a los patólogos a un conocimiento cada vez mas profundo del aspecto citológico de las lesiones, tanto de las mas frecuentes y elementales, como de aquellas que se observan rara vez en la diaria labor asistencial. Caso clínico: Varón, de 42 años de edad, con una tumoración, de 3,5 cm de diámetro máximo, de 10 meses de evolución, palpable en la región submandibular. Practicada PAAF, el examen microscópico de las extensiones citológicas, mostró una celularidad abundante, constituida por elementos fusiformes, de elevada relación núcleo/citoplasma. Los cortes histológicos obtenidos a partir del bloque celular, mostraron una proliferación de células fusiformes que fueron positivas para vimentina y citoqueratinas (positividad focal para AE1/AE3 / citoqueratinas 7 y 19), siendo negativas para actina, desmina, HMB-45, calretinina, proteína S-100 y CD31. Con una fuerte sospecha de sarcoma, se realizó la extirpación quirúrgica de la tumoración, en cuyo estudio histológico se emitió el diagnóstico definitivo fue de sarcoma sinovial bifásico, confirmado posteriormente mediante estudios citogénéticos. Conclusión: Podemos comprobar que a las tradicionales ventajas de PAAF (rapidez, inocuidad, bajo costo) podemos añadir, en ocasiones, la posibilidad de ampliar el estudio citológico al campo histológico e inmunohistoquímico, a través del manejo de bloques celulares


Introduction: The frequent use of fine needle aspiration (FNA) as a diagnostic technique, applicable to the study of tumours accessible both radiologically and by simple palpation requires that pathologists must have an increasingly profound knowledge of the cytological aspects of the lesions, both of the most frequent and elementary types and those that are only observed rarely in daily clinical practice. Case report: Male, aged 42, with a 3.5 cm mass, during the last 10 months, palpable, and located in submaxillar area. FNA showed abundant cellular material, mainly composed of fusiform elements, with high nuclear-cytoplasmic ration. Cellular block sections confirmed fusocelular elements that were positive for vimentin and focally positive for cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, and CK7 and 19. They were negative for actin, desmin, HMB-45, calretinin, S-100, and CD31. A diagnosis of suggestive of sarcoma was made. Surgical excision of the tumour allowed a histopathological diagnosis of biphasic synovial sarcoma, which was confirmed by cytogenetic studies. Conclusion: The traditional advantages of FNA (speed, harmlessness, low cost) may sometimes be accompanied by the possibility of extending the cytological study to the fields of histology and immunocytochemistry through the handling of cell blocks (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Sarcoma, Synovial/pathology , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Submandibular Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Cytogenetic Analysis , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
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