Asociación entre la invasión perineural en la biopsia de próstata dirigida por RMmp y/o sistemática y los resultados patológicos adversos en la prostatectomía radical asistida por robot / The association between perineural invasion in mpMRI-targeted and/or systematic prostate biopsy and adverse pathological outcomes in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy

Introducción y objetivos: Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la relación entre la invasión perineural (IPN) en la biopsia de próstata con aguja dirigida (BD) y/o sistemática (BS) y las características patológicas adversas del cáncer de próstata (CaP) en los especímenes de prostatectomía.Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron un total de 95 pacientes varones que recibieron una BD transperineal y/o una BS concomitante, tratados posteriormente con prostatectomía radical asistida por robot para CaP entre octubre de 2015 y junio de 2020. Se calculó el rendimiento de la IPN como prueba de clasificación (sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos positivos y negativos) y su correlación con el CaP clínicamente significativo, la positividad del margen quirúrgico, la extensión extraprostática y la invasión de las vesículas seminales en la prostatectomía.Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes era 65 (60-70) años. Se realizó BD y BS concomitante en 78 (82,1%) pacientes, mientras que 16 (16,8%) pacientes recibieron solo BS y uno (1,1%) solo BD. La frecuencia de IPN en la BD y BS fue de 17 (21,5%) y 32 (34,0%), respectivamente. Los valores de especificidad/predictivos negativos de la IPN para positividad del margen quirúrgico, extensión extraprostática e invasión de las vesículas seminales fueron 79,7/88,7%, 92,5/79,0% y 83,3/96,8%, en la BD, y 71,1/87,1%, 80,7/74,2% y 69,5/91,9%, en la BS, respectivamente. También hubo una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la IPN en la biopsia y la positividad del margen quirúrgico, la extensión extraprostática y la invasión de las vesículas seminales en la prostatectomía, así como en cuanto al grupo de grado ISUP y el estadio pT.Conclusiones: La ausencia de IPN en la biopsia de próstata con aguja puede predecir un CaP localizado con un estadio pT≤2c y márgenes quirúrgicos negativos; por el contrario, su presencia parece ser un indicador de factores desfavorables en la patología final (AU)

Introduction and objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between perineural invasion (PNI) in targeted (TBx) and/or systematic (SBx) prostate needle biopsy and adverse pathological features of prostate cancer (PCa) in prostatectomy specimens.Materials and methods: A total of 95 male patients who underwent transperineal TBx and/or concomitant SBx subsequently treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for PCa between October 2015 and June 2020 were included. The performance of PNI as a classification test (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) and its correlation with clinically significant PCa, surgical margin positivity, extraprostatic extension, and seminal vesicle invasion in prostatectomy were computed.Results: The median age of the patients was 65 (60-70) years. TBx and concomitant SBx were performed in 78 (82.1%) patients, while 16 (16.8%) patients underwent SBx alone and one (1.1%) patient underwent TBx alone. The frequency of PNI in TBx and SBx was 17 (21.5%) and 32 (34.0%), respectively. The specificity/negative predictive values of PNI for surgical margin positivity, extraprostatic extension, and seminal vesicle invasion were 79.7/88.7%, 92.5/79.0%, and 83.3/96.8%, in TBx, and 71.1/87.1%, 80.7/74.2%, and 69.5/91.9%, in SBx, respectively. There was also a statistically significant correlation between PNI in biopsy and surgical margin positivity, extraprostatic extension, and seminal vesicle invasion in prostatectomy as well as the ISUP grade group and pT stage.Conclusions: The absence of PNI in prostate needle biopsy may predict localized PCa with a pT stage≤2c and negative surgical margins in contrast to its presence which appears to be an indicator of unfavorable factors in final pathology (AU)

The association between perineural invasion in mpMRI-targeted and/or systematic prostate biopsy and adverse pathological outcomes in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the relationship between perineural invasion (PNI) in targeted (TBx) and/or systematic (SBx) prostate needle biopsy and adverse pathological features of prostate cancer (PCa) in prostatectomy specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 95 male patients who underwent transperineal TBx and/or concomitant SBx subsequently treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for PCa between October 2015 and June 2020 were included. The performance of PNI as a classification test (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) and its correlation with clinically significant PCa, surgical margin positivity, extraprostatic extension, and seminal vesicle invasion in prostatectomy were computed. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 65 (60-70) years. TBx and concomitant SBx were performed in 78 (82.1%) patients, while 16 (16.8%) patients underwent SBx alone and one (1.1%) patient underwent TBx alone. The frequency of PNI in TBx and SBx was 17 (21.5%) and 32 (34.0%), respectively. The specificity/negative predictive values of PNI for surgical margin positivity, extraprostatic extension, and seminal vesicle invasion were 79.7/88.7%, 92.5/79.0%, and 83.3/96.8%, in TBx, and 71.1/87.1%, 80.7/74.2%, and 69.5/91.9%, in SBx, respectively. There was also a statistically significant correlation between PNI in biopsy and surgical margin positivity, extraprostatic extension, and seminal vesicle invasion in prostatectomy as well as the ISUP grade group and pT stage. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of PNI in prostate needle biopsy may predict localized PCa with a pT stage ≤ 2c and negative surgical margins in contrast to its presence which appears to be an indicator of unfavorable factors in final pathology.

Effect of urinary stone disease and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy on excretion of glycosaminoglycans.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The effect of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in urinary crystal inhibition has been shown in vitro, but their inhibitor role in vivo has not been precisely determined in stone-forming patients. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of total GAGs and their components in primary stone-forming patients and a healthy control group and to investigate the impact of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with primary kidney stones and 31 healthy controls were included in this prospective study. Total urinary GAG concentrations were determined by the dimethylene blue assay (DMB), and GAG fractions (chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, and dermatan sulfate) were studied by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Analysis was repeated after SWL in the stone patients. RESULTS: Chondroitin sulfate was the major component secreted in the urine of the control subjects. Heparan sulfate was the major component in the urine of the stone patients with less chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate (48%, 35%, 16.5%, respectively). Our study showed a significant increase in total urinary GAGs (4.75 v. 7.43 microg/mg of creatinine; P<0.0001) after SWL. Dermatan sulfate was the main component in this group (P<0.0001). The total urinary GAG concentrations remained high for at least 2 days after SWL. CONCLUSION: The elevation in total GAGs after SWL indicates the presence of tissue injury, which also renders dermatan sulfate the principal excreted component. Studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to determine whether these changes in the excretion of GAG components persist.

Effects of single-shot and twin-shot shockwaves on urinary enzyme concentrations.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) remains the first-line treatment of urinary calculi. However, a number of studies have shown that adverse effects on the kidneys and the surrounding tissues may be encountered in short- and long-term follow-up. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of single-shot and twin-shot SWL techniques to identify the safest modality in terms of urinary enzyme excretion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective, investigator-blinded, randomized study, urinary enzymes, beta2-microglobulin, microalbumin, Na, K, Ca, and creatinine concentrations were analyzed in 59 consecutive patients. Measurements were performed in urine specimens collected immediately before and after the SWL procedure and also on the 3rd and 7th days after treatment, which was performed on a Dornier MFL-5000 lithotripter utilizing the twin-shot technique (Group 1; N = 30) or the single-shot technique (Group 2; N = 29) with 3000 shockwaves at 18 kV per treatment. RESULTS: Although there was no statistically significant difference in the results between the groups, urinary levels of microalbumin, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, beta-2-microalbumin, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, Na, K, and Ca rose acutely after SWL, reaching maximum levels on the 3rd day, and returned to the baseline by the 7th day following the treatment in both groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that SWL performed by either a single-shot or twin-shot shockwave technique has a transient detrimental effect on renal function, as assessed by urine enzyme concentrations. It is recommended that the twin-shot shockwave technique be used in routine lithotripsy in consideration of the cost-effectiveness provided by the shorter treatment time.

Prognostic Role of in Vitro Survival Efficiency in Human Transitional-Cell Carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation of in vitro growth features of transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) specimens with the clinical behavior of the respective tumors. We also analyzed the impact of depth of tumor invasion, histologic differentiation, morphologic characteristics, and nuclear p53 accumulation of tumors on the in vitro survival efficiency of microtumor cultures and the significance of these factors in predicting recurrence and progression of bladder cancer. The tumor cell lines derived from surgical specimens were cultured at 37 degrees C in 5% CO(2) and constant humidity. Microtumor cultures were classified into three groups according to their in vitro lifespan. Our results indicate that higher survival efficiency implies a propensity for aggressive clinical behavior of the tumor in vivo. Factors that imply a poorer prognosis account for longer lifespans for microtumour cultures. These prognostic indicators are also associated with higher rates of recurrence and progression for tumors that exhibit higher survival efficiency in vitro.

Prognostic significance of p53 protein accumulation in stage pT1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

OBJECTIVE: Mutations in the tumour suppressor gene p53 results in the production of a mutant type, dysfunctional p53 protein which can readily be detected in the cell nucleus by immunohistochemical staining. This study aims to investigate the association of nuclear p53 protein accumulation with the clinical outcome of stage pT1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder which is renowned for high rates of recurrence and progression. METHODS: TUR samples of the tumours from fifty-two patients with primary stage T1 bladder cancer were analyzed immunohistochemically using the standard avidin-biotin peroxidase method for nuclear p53 accumulation. Status of p53 immunostaining was correlated with tumour recurrence, disease progression and three-year survival of each patient. RESULTS: The rate of tumour recurrence in pT1 bladder cancer was 36% in patients with tumours stained negatively for p53 protein and 78% in patients with tumours stained positively for p53 protein. Disease progression was seen in 15% of p53 (-) patients and in 56% of p53 (+) patients. CONCLUSIONS: In stage pT1 bladder tumours p53 nuclear accumulation indicates higher rates of tumour recurrence and disease progression. Accordingly, in patients who have pT1 bladder tumours with nuclear p53 accumulation, institution of more aggressive therapy should be considered and early radical therapeutic modalities should be offered to these patients.