[Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome: two anatomo-clinical case reports]. / Sindrome opsoclono-mioclono-ataxia: dos casos anatomoclinicos.

INTRODUCTION: Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS) is characterised by the acute or subacute development of chaotic eye movements and diffuse myoclonus. On some occasions it is associated with ataxia and encephalopathy. In adults there are multiple causations and a possible paraneoplastic origin must always be taken into account. CASE REPORTS: We report two cases of OMAS of a paraneoplastic origin with a post mortem study. In the first case, the syndrome was associated to a small-cell carcinoma in the lungs, and in the second patient it was associated to a digestive lymphoma. Neuroimaging studies did not reveal any kind of alterations in either of the two cases. In our cases, none of the antibodies that are relatively frequently associated to this syndrome were found. In both of them, an immunomodulator treatment regimen was established; only the patient with the lymphoma showed an initial improvement with antineoplastic therapy. In the pathological study, alterations were observed in the brain stem, and in the second patient alterations were also found in the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS: This is a rare condition that obliges the specialist to think in order to reach a correct diagnosis, and to search for the primary tumour and establish early treatment in order to bring about an improvement and even the remission of the neurological signs and symptoms. The pathological findings are not pathognomonic, but they are typical of this syndrome.

Síndrome opsoclono-mioclono-ataxia: dos casos anatomoclínicos / Opspclonus. Myoclonuz-ataxia syndrome: Two anatomo-clinical case reports

Introducción. El síndrome opsoclono-mioclono-ataxia (SOMA) se caracteriza por el desarrollo agudo o subagudode movimientos oculares caóticos y mioclono difuso. En algunas ocasiones, asocia ataxia y encefalopatía. En el adulto existen múltiples etiologías, y hay que tener siempre en cuenta el posible origen paraneoplásico. Casos clínicos. Presentamos dos casos de SOMA de origen paraneoplásico con estudio post mortem. En el primer caso, el síndrome se asoció a un carcinomade células pequeñas de pulmón, y en el segundo paciente a un linfoma digestivo. Los estudios de neuroimagen no mostraron alteraciones en ninguno de los dos casos. No se descubrió en nuestros casos ninguno de los anticuerpos asociados con relativa frecuencia a este síndrome. En ambos se pautó tratamiento inmunomodulador; únicamente el paciente con linfoma mejoró inicialmente con el tratamiento antineoplásico. En el estudio anatomopatológico se observaron alteraciones en el tronco del encéfalo, y en el segundo paciente también en el cerebelo. Conclusión. Se trata de una entidad rara, en la que hay que pensar para lograr un diagnóstico correcto, búsqueda del tumor primario y su tratamiento precoz, con el fin de producir mejoría e inclusoremisión del cuadro neurológico. Los hallazgos anatomopatológicos no son patognomónicos, pero sí típicos de este síndrome

Introduction. Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS) is characterised by the acute or subacute development of chaotic eye movements and diffuse myoclonus. On some occasions it is associated with ataxia and encephalopathy. In adults there are multiple causations and a possible paraneoplastic origin must always be taken into account. Case reports. Wereport two cases of OMAS of a paraneoplastic origin with a post mortem study. In the first case, the syndrome was associated to a small-cell carcinoma in the lungs, and in the second patient it was associated to a digestive lymphoma. Neuroimaging studies did not reveal any kind of alterations in either of the two cases. In our cases, none of the antibodies that are relativelyfrequently associated to this syndrome were found. In both of them, an immunomodulator treatment regimen was established; only the patient with the lymphoma showed an initial improvement with antineoplastic therapy. In the pathological study, alterations were observed in the brain stem, and in the second patient alterations were also found in the cerebellum. Conclusions. This is a rare condition that obliges the specialist to think in order to reach a correct diagnosis, and to search forthe primary tumour and establish early treatment in order to bring about an improvement and even the remission of the neurological signs and symptoms. The pathological findings are not pathognomonic, but they are typical of this syndrome