Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 13 de 13
Filter
1.
Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis ; 12: 153-166, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31303781

ABSTRACT

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major medical problem that is of particular concern after cardiac surgery. Perioperative AKI is independently associated with an increase in short-term morbidity, costs of treatment, and long-term mortality. In this review, we explore the definition of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) and identify diverse mechanisms and risk factors contributing to the renal insult. Current theories of the pathophysiology of CSA-AKI and description of its clinical course will be addressed in this review. Data on the most promising renal protective strategies in cardiac surgery, from well-designed studies, will be scrutinized. Furthermore, diagnostic tools such as novel biomarkers of AKI and their potential utility will be discussed.

4.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 54(4): 242-5, 2007 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17518175

ABSTRACT

Pulmonary thromboembolism in the early postoperative period is rare. We present 2 cases of massive embolism that occurred soon after gastric bypass surgery. The first patient was a 32-year-old man, a smoker with a body mass index (BMI) of 52 kg/m2, obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and venous insufficiency in the lower extremities. Fatal cardiorespiratory arrest occurred 22 hours after surgery. Autopsy confirmed massive pulmonary thromboembolism. The second patient was a 48-year-old woman with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 who had undergone abdominal hysterectomy 2 months earlier. She survived cardiorespiratory arrest occurring 11 hours after surgery. There were no sequelae. The diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography. These patients undoubtedly had asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis before the operations. Prevention of pulmonary embolism is essential in high risk patients. The prophylactic measures usually applied are administration of low molecular weight heparin to prevent thrombosis, early ambulation, and the use of elastic compression stockings or intermittent pneumatic compression.


Subject(s)
Gastric Bypass , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Adult , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Combined Modality Therapy , Comorbidity , Epinephrine/therapeutic use , Fatal Outcome , Heart Arrest/drug therapy , Heart Arrest/etiology , Heart Arrest/therapy , Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/therapeutic use , Humans , Hypotension/etiology , Hysterectomy , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Period , Premedication , Pulmonary Embolism/physiopathology , Tachycardia/etiology
5.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 54(4): 242-245, abr. 2007. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-62326

ABSTRACT

El tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) en las primeras horas del postoperatorio es poco habitual. Presentamos dos casos de TEP masivo precoz que ocurrieron en las primeras horas después de cirugía bariátrica. El primer caso era un varón de 32 años, fumador, con índice de masa corporal (IMC) 52 kg/m2, síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño e insuficiencia venosa en extremidades inferiores. A las 22 horas del postoperatorio presentó colapso cardiorrespiratorio mortal. La necropsia confirmó TEP masivo. El segundo caso era una mujer de 48 años con IMC 40 kg/m2, operada dos meses antes de histerectomía abdominal. A las 11 horas postcirugía presentó colapso cardiopulmonar del cual sobrevivió sin secuelas. La ecocardiografía transesofágica confirmó el diagnóstico de TEP masivo. Seguramente estos pacientes presentaban trombosis venosa profunda asintomática preoperatoria. La prevención del TEP es fundamental en pacientes de alto riego, las medidas más comúnmente usadas son la tromboprofilaxis con heparina de bajo peso molecular, combinada con la deambulación precoz, medias de compresión elástica o compresión neumática intermitente (AU)


Pulmonary thromboembolism in the early postoperative period is rare. We present 2 cases of massive embolism that occurred soon after gastric bypass surgery. The first patient was a 32-year-old man, a smoker with a body mass index (BMI) of 52 kg/m2, obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome and venous insufficiency in the lower extremities. Fatal cardiorespiratory arrest occurred 22 hours after surgery. Autopsy confirmed massive pulmonary thromboembolism. The second patient was a 48-year-old woman with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 who had undergone abdominal hysterectomy 2 months earlier. She survived cardiorespiratory arrest occurring 11 hours after surgery. There were no sequelae. The diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography. These patients undoubtedly had asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis before the operations. Prevention of pulmonary embolism is essential in high risk patients. The prophylactic measures usually applied are administration of low molecular weight heparin to prevent thrombosis, early ambulation, and the use of elastic compression stockings or intermittent pneumatic compression (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Gastric Bypass/adverse effects , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Risk Factors , Obesity, Morbid/complications
8.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 50(4): 176-81, 2003 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12825305

ABSTRACT

HYPOTHESIS: Ephedrine increases blood flow to muscles and may shorten the onset of action of rocuronium and atracurium. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study of 80 ASA I-III patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia and randomized to 4 groups: ephedrine-rocuronium, placebo-rocuronium, ephedrine-atracurium and placebo-atracurium. Atracurium or rocuronium was administered at a dose of 0.04 mg.Kg-1. We monitored neuromuscular function by acceleromyography, ECG and pulse oxymetry, arterial blood pressure (ABP) using an intra-arterial catheter (AT), heart rate (HR) and carbon dioxide pressure. Patient characteristics, time to onset, duration and recovery from the neuromuscular block were recorded. HR and ABP were measured at baseline, 3 minutes after ephedrine dosing, 1 minute after induction, immediately after intubation and 5, 10 and 20 minutes after intubation. RESULTS: Patient characteristics were similar in all groups. The time to onset of neuromuscular block was significantly shorter in the rocuronium and rocuronium-ephedrine groups than in the atracurium groups. Duration and recovery were similar in all groups. Patients premedicated with ephedrine experienced a significant increase in HR for 20 minutes. The only complications were 2 cases of self-limiting sinus tachycardia of less than 130 beats.min-1 in the ephedrine group. CONCLUSIONS: Premeditation with 10 mg of ephedrine decreases the time until onset of action of rocuronium but does not affect the timing of atracurium.


Subject(s)
Androstanols/pharmacology , Atracurium/pharmacology , Ephedrine/pharmacology , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Muscles/drug effects , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/pharmacology , Preanesthetic Medication , Adult , Aged , Androstanols/pharmacokinetics , Atracurium/pharmacokinetics , Blood Flow Velocity/drug effects , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Double-Blind Method , Drug Interactions , Elective Surgical Procedures , Electric Stimulation , Electrocardiography , Ephedrine/adverse effects , Female , Heart Rate/drug effects , Humans , Male , Midazolam/pharmacology , Middle Aged , Muscles/blood supply , Neural Conduction/drug effects , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/pharmacokinetics , Oximetry , Prospective Studies , Reaction Time/drug effects , Rocuronium , Tachycardia/chemically induced , Time Factors
9.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 50(4): 176-181, abr. 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-28290

ABSTRACT

HIPÓTESIS: El aumento del flujo sanguíneo muscular provocado por la efedrina puede acortar el inicio de acción de rocuronio y atracurio .MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo y aleatorio en 80 pacientes, ASA I-III, intervenidos bajo anestesia general, distribuidos aleatoriamente en 4 grupos: efedrina - rocuronio, placebo - rocuronio, efedrina-atracurio y placebo-atracurio. Se administró 0,04 mg-Kg- 1 de midazolam y 10 mg de efedrina o suero fisiológico de forma aleatoria 5 minutos antes de la inducción con 2 mg - K g- 1 de propofol, 3 mg-Kg- 1 de fentanilo y 0,6 mg-Kg- 1 de atracurio o rocuronio. Monitorizamos la función neuro muscular con acelerometría, el ECG, la pulsioximetría, la tensión arterial incruenta (TA), la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y capnografía. Se valoraron los datos demográficos de los pacientes, el tiempo de inicio, duración y recuperación del bloqueo neuromuscular. Se recogió la FC y TA basal, a los 3 minutos post-efedrina , al minuto post-indución, post-intubación y a los 5, 10 y 20 minutos después de ésta. RESULTADOS: No hallamos diferencias significativas en los datos demográficos. El tiempo de inicio del bloqueo neuromuscular fue significativamente menor en los grupos rocuronio y rocuronio-efedrina respecto a los de atracurio. La duración y recuperación clínica fueron similares entre los grupos. Los pacientes premedicados con efedrina tuvieron un aumento significativo de la FC hasta los 20 minutos. No hubo complicaciones, excepto 2 casos de taquicardia sinusal autolimitada inferior a 130 latidos. min- 1 en los pacientes del grupo efedrina .CONCLUSIONES: La premedicación con 10 mg de efedrina disminuye un 27 por ciento el tiempo de inicio de rocuronio, pero no afecta al del atracurio (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Preanesthetic Medication , Tachycardia , Time Factors , Elective Surgical Procedures , Midazolam , Muscles , Neural Conduction , Oximetry , Prospective Studies , Reaction Time , Blood Flow Velocity , Blood Pressure , Atracurium , Double-Blind Method , Drug Interactions , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents , Androstanols , Electrocardiography , Electric Stimulation , Ephedrine , Heart Rate , Hemodynamics
10.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 48(9): 409-414, nov. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-3423

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS. Comparar el grado de sedación y los efectos hemodinámicos, respiratorios y en el índice biespectral de 1 mg/kg/h de propofol o 3 µg/kg/h de remifentanilo o placebo en perfusión intravenosa, en pacientes intervenidos bajo anestesia subaracnoidea.PACIENTES Y MÉTODO. Un total de 51 pacientes intervenidos de manera electiva fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 3 grupos: propofol (n = 17), remifentanilo (n = 17) y placebo (n = 17). Se monitorizaron el ECG, la presión arterial incruenta (PA), la frecuencia respiratoria (FR), la saturación de oxígeno por pulsioximetría (SpO2), la presión espiratoria de CO2 (PETCO2) mediante muestreo nasal, el índice biespectral (BIS) y la escala de sedación (OAA/S). A los 5 min de administrar la anestesia subaracnoidea se inició la perfusión intravenosa correspondiente. En la monitorización se midieron los valores hemodinámicos, de BIS, PETCO2, FR y OAA/S basales, cada 5 min, así como los intervalos de recuperación hasta recobrar los valores basales tras la interrupción de la sedación. RESULTADOS. Los datos biológicos y la SpO2 fueron similares en los 3 grupos. En el grupo placebo, la PETCO2, FR y OAA/S no cambiaron significativamente respecto a los valores basales, mientras que existieron diferencias en los otros 2 grupos. El BIS en el grupo propofol fue significativamente menor que en los grupos remifentanilo y control. Los tiempos de recuperación fueron similares en los grupos con sedación. El 35,3 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo propofol, el 53,3 por ciento del grupo remifentanilo y el 7,7 por ciento del grupo placebo tuvieron complicaciones leves, principalmente náuseas, prurito e hipoventilación en el grupo remifentanilo y dolor venoso en el grupo propofol.CONCLUSIONES. Los regímenes de sedación empleados fueron seguros y proporcionaron un grado de ansiolisis adecuado. Propofol presenta menos complicaciones que remifentanilo (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Conscious Sedation , Anesthesia, Spinal , Propofol , Piperidines , Respiration , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Hemodynamics
11.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 48(2): 93-6, 2001 Feb.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11257959

ABSTRACT

A 34-year-old pregnant paraplegic woman with a T12 medullary lesion in chronic phase underwent cesarean delivery in the thirty-seventh week due to pelvic-cephalic disproportion. After failure of epidural anesthesia related to technical difficulties, general anesthesia was provided. A hypertensive crisis developed during surgery but was resolved within minutes after administration of hydralazine. No further complications arose. Pregnancy in a patient with medullary lesion in chronic phase is considered high risk, requiring special care due to extraordinary changes in pathophysiology caused by the lesion in addition to changes directly related to gestation. The main complications that arise are decreased respiratory volume and arterial pressure, increased incidence of thromboembolic events, anemia, urinary tract infections, premature birth, unusual progression of delivery and autonomic hyperreflexia, which is the most serious. When a hypertensive peak develops in such patients, the anesthesiologist must first rule out autonomic hyperreflexia, which has an incidence of 85% in lesions over T7 and has also been described in patients with lower lesions.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, General/methods , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Cesarean Section , Paraplegia , Pregnancy Complications , Adult , Chronic Disease , Female , Humans , Paraplegia/etiology , Pregnancy , Spinal Cord Injuries/complications , Thoracic Vertebrae
12.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 48(2): 93-96, feb. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-3630

ABSTRACT

Gestante parapléjica de 34 años con lesión medular en T12 en fase crónica, sometida a una cesárea por desproporción pélvico-cefálica en la semana 37 de gestación.Tras fallo de la anestesia epidural por importantes dificultades técnicas, se practicó anestesia general. En el transcurso de la intervención presentó una crisis hipertensiva que se resolvió en pocos minutos tras la administración de hidralacina. La evolución posterior de la madre y del recién nacido cursaron sin incidencias.La gestación en una paciente con lesión medular en fase crónica es considerada de alto riesgo y precisa cuidados especiales debido a los extraordinarios cambios fisiopatológicos que ocurren como resultado de la lesión, a los que hay que sumar los propios del embarazo. Las principales complicaciones que presentan son: disminución de los volúmenes respiratorios y de la presión arterial, aumento de la incidencia de fenómenos tromboembólicos, anemia, infecciones del tracto urinario, parto prematuro, alteración en la progresión del parto y la hiperreflexia autónoma, que es la más grave.Ante un pico hipertensivo en estas pacientes, hay que descartar en primer lugar la hiperreflexia autónoma, que tiene una incidencia del 85 por ciento en lesiones por encima de T7 y también se ha descrito en lesiones torácicas bajas (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Adult , Female , Humans , Paraplegia , Pregnancy Complications , Cesarean Section , Spinal Cord Injuries , Thoracic Vertebrae , Chronic Disease , Anesthesia, Obstetrical , Anesthesia, General
13.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 48(9): 409-14, 2001 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11792284

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare depth of sedation, hemodynamic and respiratory effects, and bispectral index (BIS) in surgical patients under subarachnoid anesthesia with intravenous perfusion of 1 mg/kg/h of propofol or 3 microgram/kg/h of remifentanil or placebo. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Fifty-one elective surgery patients were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: propofol (n = 17), remifentanil (n = 17) or placebo (n = 17). We monitored ECG, blood pressure (BP), respiratory frequency (RF), oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2), nasal end tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PETCO2), BIS and sedation on the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale (OAA/S). Five minutes after starting subarachnoid anesthesia, we initiated the assigned intravenous perfusion. Measurement of hemodynamic variables, BIS, PETCO2, RF and OAA/S score occurred at baseline, every 5 minutes during surgery and after withdrawal of sedation at intervals until recovery of baseline values. RESULTS: Patient data and SpO2 were similar in the 3 groups. PETCO2, FR and OAA/S did not change significantly from baseline in the placebo group but were significantly different in the other groups. BIS was significantly lower in the propofol group than in either the remifentanil or the control group. Times to recovery were similar in the two sedation groups. Slight complications were observed in 35.3% patients in the propofol group, 53.3% in the remifentanil group and 7.7% in the placebo group; complications were mainly nausea, pruritus and hypoventilation in the remifentanil group and venous pain in the propofol group. CONCLUSIONS: The sedation regimens used were safe and adequate. Propofol is associated with fewer complications than remifentanil.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Spinal , Conscious Sedation , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology , Piperidines/pharmacology , Propofol/pharmacology , Respiration/drug effects , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Remifentanil
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...