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1.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e281448, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38695423

ABSTRACT

Bacterial contamination causes irreparable losses in the performance of alcoholic fermentation. Antibiotics are used to control these microorganisms, but they generate residues and cause microbial resistance. Today the only commercial product used by the mills is hops, but it is very expensive. As an alternative, the objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using extracts from plants grown in the Cerrado for antimicrobial control during an alcoholic fermentation to replace antibiotics. Hydraethanolic extracts of leaves and essential oil of the following species were tested: Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Serjania erecta, Serjania marginata, Campomanesia adamantium and Syzygium cumini. Only the extract of Serjania marginata did not show any activity against the bacterium Bacillus sp. Both the essential oils as well as the hydroalcoholic extracts of S. terebinthifolius and C. adamantium and the extract of S. erecta showed antibacterial activity without harming the yeast, with potential to replace the hops.


Subject(s)
Fermentation , Plant Extracts , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacillus , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Bacteria/drug effects
2.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 98(6): 338-343, jun. 2023. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-221225

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia bactericida de varios compuestos utilizados en el tratamiento de la blefaritis anterior estafilocócica crónica mediante un estudio in vitro. Materiales y métodos Se cultivaron cepas comerciales estándar de Staphylococcus aureus (SAu) (ATCC 25923 Culti-Loops) y Staphylococcus coagulasa-negativo (CoNS) (ATCC 12228 Culti-Loops). Se realizaron pruebas de sensibilidad a vancomicina 30μg, netilmicina 30μg, ácido hipocloroso (HOCl) al 0,01% (Ocudox™, Brill®), aceite de hoja de Melaleuca alternifolia (MeAl) (Navyblef® Cuidado diario, NOVAX®) y digluconato de clorhexidina al 1% (DGCH) (Cristalmina™, Salvat®) mediante el método de difusión en disco de agar (Rosco Neo-Sensitabs™). A las 24horas se midieron los halos inducidos con calibradores automáticos. Los resultados se analizaron con las guías EUCAST- y CLSI potency Neo-Sensitabs™. Resultados La vancomicina indujo un halo de 22,37mm y 21,81mm en SAu y CoNS, respectivamente. La netilmicina produjo halos de 24,45mm en SAu y de 32,49mm en CoNS. MeAl indujo halos de 12,65mm en SAu y de 15,83mm en CoNS. Se encontró un halo de 12,11mm en SAu y un halo de 18,38mm en CoNS utilizando HOCl. DGCH produjo halos de 26,55mm y 23,12mm en SAu y CoNS, respectivamente. Conclusión La netilmicina y la vancomicina demostraron actividad antibiótica frente a ambos patógenos, por lo que pueden ser terapias alternativas de rescate para tratar la blefaritis estafilocócica crónica. El DGCH presenta una eficacia frente a ambos comparable a los antibióticos, mientras que el HOCl y la MeAl demuestran menor eficacia (AU)


Objective To evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of several compounds used in the treatment of chronic staphylococcal anterior blepharitis through an in vitro study. Materials and methods Standard commercial strains of Staphylococcus aureus (SAu) (ATCC 25923 Culti-Loops) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (ATCC 12228 Culti-Loops) were cultured. Susceptibility tests were performed to vancomycin 30μg, netilmicin 30μg, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) 0.01% (Ocudox™, Brill®), Melaleuca alternifolia leaf oil (MeAl) (Navyblef® Daily Care, NOVAX®) and 1% chlorhexidine digluconate (DGCH) (Cristalmina™, Salvat®) using the agar disk diffusion method (Rosco Neo-Sensitabs®). After 24hours, the induced halos were measured with automatic calipers. The results were analyzed using the EUCAST- and CLSI potency Neo-Sensitabs® guidelines. Results Vancomycin induced a halo of 22.37mm and 21.81mm in SAu and CoNS, respectively. Netilmicin produced halos of 24.45mm in SAu and 32.49mm in CoNS. MeAl induced halos of 12.65mm in SAu and 15.83mm in CoNS. A 12.11mm halo was found in SAu and an 18.38mm halo in CoNS using HOCl. DGCH produced halos of 26.55mm and 23.12mm in SAu and CoNS, respectively. Conclusion Netilmicin and vancomycin demonstrated antibiotic activity against both pathogens, so they can be alternative rescue therapies to treat chronic staphylococcal blepharitis. DGCH has efficacy against both comparable to antibiotics, while HOCl and MeAl show less efficacy (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Blepharitis/drug therapy , Blepharitis/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Chronic Disease
3.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 98(6): 338-343, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37209719

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of several compounds used in the treatment of chronic staphylococcal anterior blepharitis through an in vitro study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standard commercial strains of Staphylococcus aureus (SAu) (ATCC 25923 Culti-Loops) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (ATCC 12228 Culti-Loops) were cultured. Susceptibility tests were performed to vancomycin 30 µg, netilmicin 30 µg, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) 0.01% (Ocudox™, Brill®), Melaleuca alternifolia leaf oil (MeAl) (Navyblef® Daily Care, NOVAX®) and 1% chlorhexidine digluconate (DGCH) (Cristalmina™, Salvat®) using the agar disk diffusion method (Rosco Neo-Sensitabs®). After 24 h, the induced halos were measured with automatic calipers. The results were analyzed using the EUCAST- and CLSI potency Neo-Sensitabs® guidelines. RESULTS: Vancomycin induced a halo of 22.37 mm and 21.81 mm in SAu and CoNS, respectively. Netilmicin produced halos of 24.45 mm in SAu and 32.49 mm in CoNS. MeAl induced halos of 12.65 mm in SAu and 15.83 mm in CoNS. A 12.11 mm halo was found in SAu and an 18.38 mm halo in CoNS using HOCl. DGCH produced halos of 26.55 mm and 23.12 mm in SAu and CoNS, respectively. CONCLUSION: Netilmicin and vancomycin demonstrated antibiotic activity against both pathogens, so they can be alternative rescue therapies to treat chronic staphylococcal blepharitis. DGCH has efficacy against both comparable to antibiotics, while HOCl and MeAl show less efficacy.


Subject(s)
Blepharitis , Staphylococcal Infections , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Vancomycin/pharmacology , Vancomycin/therapeutic use , Netilmicin , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus , Staphylococcus aureus , Blepharitis/drug therapy , Blepharitis/microbiology
4.
PLoS One ; 14(3): e0212524, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30861002

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Transplantation of limbal stem cells is a promising therapy for limbal stem cell deficiency. Limbal cells can be harvested from either a healthy part of the patient's eye or the eye of a donor. Small explants are less likely to inflict injury to the donor site. We investigated the effects of limbal explant size on multiple characteristics known to be important for transplant function. METHODS: Human limbal epithelial cells were expanded from large versus small explants (3 versus 1 mm of the corneal circumference) for 3 weeks and characterized by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Epithelial thickness, stratification, outgrowth, ultrastructure and phenotype were assessed. RESULTS: Epithelial thickness and stratification were similar between the groups. Outgrowth size correlated positively with explant size (r = 0.37; P = 0.01), whereas fold growth correlated negatively with explant size (r = -0.55; P < 0.0001). Percentage of cells expressing the limbal epithelial cell marker K19 was higher in cells derived from large explants (99.1±1.2%) compared to cells derived from small explants (93.2±13.6%, P = 0.024). The percentage of cells expressing ABCG2, integrin ß1, p63, and p63α that are markers suggestive of an immature phenotype; Keratin 3, Connexin 43, and E-Cadherin that are markers of differentiation; and Ki67 and PCNA that indicate cell proliferation were equal in both groups. Desmosome and hemidesmosome densities were equal between the groups. CONCLUSION: For donor- and culture conditions used in the present study, large explants are preferable to small in terms of outgrowth area. As regards limbal epithelial cell thickness, stratification, mechanical strength, and the attainment of a predominantly immature phenotype, both large and small explants are sufficient.


Subject(s)
Cell Proliferation , Epithelial Cells , Epithelium, Corneal , Limbus Corneae , Stem Cells , Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis , Cell Culture Techniques , Cells, Cultured , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/ultrastructure , Epithelium, Corneal/metabolism , Epithelium, Corneal/ultrastructure , Female , Humans , Limbus Corneae/metabolism , Limbus Corneae/ultrastructure , Male , Stem Cells/metabolism , Stem Cells/ultrastructure
5.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 10502, 2018 Jul 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30002380

ABSTRACT

Limbal stem cell deficiency can be treated with transplantation of cultured human limbal epithelial cells (LEC). It can be advantageous to produce LEC in centralized labs and thereafter ship them to eye clinics. The present study used transport simulations of LEC to determine if vigorous shaking during transport altered the viability, morphology and phenotype during a 4 day-long storage of LEC with a previously described serum-free storage method. Inserts with LEC cultured on amniotic membranes were sutured to caps inside air-tight containers with generous amounts of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-buffered minimal essential medium (MEM). The containers were distributed among the following testing conditions: 6 hours with full containers, 36 hours with full containers, 36 hours with container three quarters full of medium, and 36 hours with container full of medium containing a shear-protecting agent (Pluronic-F68). Compared to stored, but non-transported controls, no statistically significant changes in viability and immunohistochemical staining were observed. The epithelial sheets remained intact. However, an air-liquid interface in the containers reduced the number of desmosomes and hemi-desmosomes compared to the controls. In conclusion, cultured LEC sheets appear to endure vigorous shaking for at least 36 hours if the container is full.


Subject(s)
Corneal Diseases/surgery , Epithelium, Corneal/transplantation , Limbus Corneae/pathology , Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Transportation , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cell Adhesion , Cell Survival , Cells, Cultured/transplantation , Cells, Cultured/ultrastructure , Corneal Diseases/pathology , Epithelium, Corneal/cytology , Humans , Limbus Corneae/cytology , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Stem Cells/pathology , Stem Cells/ultrastructure
6.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol ; 91(7): 320-6, 2016 Jul.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26810961

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between treatment with diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and development a neurotrophic keratitis due to the damage of the sensitive corneal innervation. METHODS: A study was conducted on 5 eyes of 5 patients who were treated with diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and soon developed neurotrophic ulcers. Personal characteristics of the patients were collected, as well as refraction and risk factors for corneal hypoesthesia, and the parameters of the laser used in the surgery. RESULTS: It was found that the 5 patients had predisposing factors of corneal hypoesthesia prior to surgery (chronic use of topical beta blockers, surgery with corneal incisions, diabetes mellitus, or corneal dystrophies); however none had developed neurotrophic keratitis until the cyclophotocoagulation was performed. It also showed that 4 of them were highly myopic, and they all were treated with high laser parameters (with an average of 2880 mW for 3s at an average surface of 275°), triggering neurotrophic ulcers between 10 and 35 days after surgery. CONCLUSION: Neurotrophic keratitis is a rare complication that can occur after diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, secondary to the damage of the long ciliary nerves. The emergence of this disorder can be triggered by the existence of previous risk factors, including high myopia, thus it is important to respect the recommended treatment parameters to prevent the development of this disorder.


Subject(s)
Corneal Ulcer/etiology , Laser Coagulation/adverse effects , Ophthalmic Nerve/injuries , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Radiation Injuries/etiology , Adult , Aged , Cornea/innervation , Corneal Opacity/etiology , Female , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery , Humans , Laser Coagulation/instrumentation , Laser Coagulation/methods , Lasers, Semiconductor , Male , Middle Aged , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Ophthalmic Nerve/radiation effects , Retrospective Studies
7.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol ; 89(3): 127-9, 2014 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24269394

ABSTRACT

CLINICAL CASE: A 22-year-old woman patient, diagnosed with an inclusion cyst of the conjunctiva in the nasal sector of the left eye, who after 2 shot/needle injections in the lesion came to our clinic with a dense subconjunctival hemorrhage in four quadrants and with severe pain. After excision biopsy, a capillary hemangioma of the conjunctiva was diagnosed. DISCUSSION: Conjunctival capillary hemangioma is mainly a benign lesion, asymptomatic and mostly congenital in origin, its progression or de novo growth is rare in adulthood.


Subject(s)
Conjunctival Neoplasms/pathology , Hemangioma, Capillary/pathology , Age Factors , Conjunctival Neoplasms/etiology , Female , Hemangioma, Capillary/etiology , Humans , Young Adult
8.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol ; 88(2): 56-63, 2013 Feb.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23433193

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the visual outcome of patients who underwent Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro1) implantation, and describe serious sight-threatening post-operative complications. METHODS: We performed an analysis of the clinical records of all patients who underwent Boston keratoprosthesis implantation (BKI)in our institution from May 2006 to February 2011. RESULTS: A total of 41 eyes of 37 patients were included in the final analysis, of whom 22 (59.45%) were male and 15 were (40.54%) female. The mean age was 56.44 years (range 2-90). The most frequent diagnoses were bullous keratopathy, autoimmune diseases, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/Lyell syndrome (LS), and aniridic keratopathy. The mean number of previous keratoplasties (PK) was 2.36 (range 0-8), the mean number of previous non-PK surgeries was 1.58 (range 0-9). The mean follow-up time was 22.17 months (range 3-46). The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) logMAR before surgery was 2.05 (range 1.10-2.52), and the mean best corrected visual acuity achieved after surgery was 1.16 (range 0.08- 2.70). The most frequent complication was the formation of retroprosthetic membrane (RPM) which appeared in 22 (53.65%) eyes. Of these, 6 (27.27%) appeared after another surgery. Fourteen (63.63%) RPM required treatment, an average of 1.71 (range 1-4) laser YAG applications were performed, and surgical membranectomy was performed in 3 patients. Eleven (26.82%) eyes showed chorioretinal adhesion problems, 6 (14.63%) of which occurred after follow-up of BKI surgery. Infectious complications occurred in 7 (17.07%) cases; 2 (4.87%) patients had infectious keratitis and 5 (12.19%) endophthalmitis. CONCLUSIONS: Visual function improved in most patients. Those with prior multiple ocular surgeries and alterations of systemic immunity such as SJS, LS, and diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for serious sight-threatening complications, such as RPM, chorioretinal detachment and infection. Nevertheless, we consider KPro as an effective alternative in patients with multiple ocular pathology and imminent risk of rejection of a new KP.


Subject(s)
Corneal Transplantation , Prostheses and Implants/adverse effects , Vision Disorders/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prostheses and Implants/classification , Prosthesis Design , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
9.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol ; 86(3): 89-92, 2011 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21511104

ABSTRACT

CASE REPORT: A 68 year-old male with idiopathic choroidal polypoidal vasculopathy received seven intravitreal injections of bevacizumab in the supero-nasal quadrant. He later developed a localized limbal stem cell deficiency which required limbal transplantation from the same eye. Two months after surgery, a slight improvement of visual acuity was noted, along with an intact ocular surface, clear cornea and decreased inflammation. DISCUSSION: Repeated surgical trauma on the limbus and surrounding areas may damage the limbal stem cells, giving rise to a corneal epitheliopathy due to iatrogenic limbal deficiency. Repeated intravitreal injections may be considered as one of the possible causes.


Subject(s)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage , Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy , Corneal Diseases/etiology , Epithelium, Corneal/pathology , Intravitreal Injections/adverse effects , Limbus Corneae/injuries , Stem Cells/pathology , Aged , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Bevacizumab , Combined Modality Therapy , Corneal Diseases/pathology , Corneal Diseases/surgery , Corneal Transplantation , Epithelium, Corneal/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Limbus Corneae/pathology , Male , Microscopy, Acoustic , Phototherapy , Transplantation, Autologous
10.
J Chemother ; 21(5): 550-7, 2009 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19933047

ABSTRACT

Plitidepsin (Aplidin) is a novel antitumor agent, derived from the mediterranean tunicate Aplidium albicans, and is currently in phase ii clinical trials with evidence of activity in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma and neuroblastoma patients. As compared to its parental compound didemnin B, plitidepsin has shown a better therapeutic index with less bone marrow toxicity, cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity in patients and a more potent cytotoxic effect in several tumor cell lines. As sensitivity to the drug varies between cell lines and fresh leukemia samples, we performed studies on transport of plitidepsin in leukemia and lymphoma cell lines to determine the mechanism of uptake. The drug is taken up by an active transport process, i.e. the process is temperature and energy dependent, and has a high-affinity binding site with Kt =212 nM and Vmax = 15 pmoles/min. Importantly, once inside the cell, efflux of plitidepsin is minimum, suggesting that the drug is bound to intracellular macromolecules. Further work showed that plitidepsin binds to G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), since GPCR and GRK (GPCR kinases) inhibitors suramin and heparin respectively, markedly reduce the drug uptake and its cytotoxic activity. Signaling via Jak/Stat pathway is inhibited by pharmacological concentrations of plitidepsin, further confirming the relationship between plitidepsin and GPCRs.


Subject(s)
Depsipeptides/metabolism , Heparin/pharmacology , Membrane Microdomains/metabolism , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors , Suramin/pharmacology , 4-Aminopyridine/pharmacology , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology , Biological Transport, Active , Cell Proliferation , Cytarabine/pharmacology , Humans , JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Peptides, Cyclic , Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Potassium Channels/drug effects , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism , STAT Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors , STAT Transcription Factors/metabolism , Subcellular Fractions , Time Factors , Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
11.
Oncogene ; 25(29): 4116-21, 2006 Jul 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16491118

ABSTRACT

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer death worldwide. A number of key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been proposed to drive progression from healthy colonic epithelia to malignant tumors, including members of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Recently, CpG island promoter hypermethylation was shown to cause inactivation of two extracellular Wnt inhibitors in colon cancer: secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) and Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1). Here, we show for the first time that another extracellular Wnt inhibitor, the DICKKOPF-1 (DKK-1) gene, is transcriptionally silenced by CpG island promoter hypermethylation in colon cancer cell lines (n=9), whereas treatment with the DNA-demethylating agent 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine restored DKK-1 expression. Restoration of DKK-1 function in non-expressing cells bearing a truncated APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli) gene had no effect on beta-catenin/T-cell factor-dependent transcription, but induced tumor suppressor-like features such as reduced colony formation density and tumor growth inhibition in nude mice. These results suggest additional functions for DKK-1 other than inhibiting canonical Wnt signaling. In primary colorectal tumors, DKK-1 was found hypermethylated in 17% (nine of 54) of cases. Furthermore, while for both SFRP-1 and WIF-1 methylation-associated silencing occurred across the whole spectrum of colorectal tumorigenesis, DKK-1 promoter was selectively hypermethylated in advanced colorectal neoplasms (Duke's C and D tumors).


Subject(s)
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Epigenesis, Genetic , Genes, Tumor Suppressor , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics , Wnt Proteins/genetics , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing , Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein/genetics , Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein/metabolism , Animals , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology , Azacitidine/analogs & derivatives , Azacitidine/pharmacology , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology , Colon/metabolism , Colon/pathology , Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , CpG Islands/genetics , DNA Methylation , Decitabine , Epithelium/metabolism , Epithelium/pathology , Humans , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Transplantation , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Repressor Proteins/genetics , Repressor Proteins/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Signal Transduction/genetics , Transplantation, Heterologous , Wnt Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Wnt Proteins/metabolism
12.
Bioch. eng. j ; 23(3): 231-240, May 1,2005.
Article in English | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IBPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IBACERVO | ID: biblio-1060795

ABSTRACT

Serogroup C polysaccharide from Neisseria. meningitidis constitutes the antigen for the vaccine against the disease caused by this bacterium. Aiming at enhancing the final polysaccharide concentration as well as the overall yield factor (polysaccharide/biomass), 20 cultivations were carried out in Frantz medium in a 13 L bioreactor at 35°C, 0.5 atm, 400 rpm and air flowrate of 2 L/min. A series of nine batch experiments was carried out under three different conditions (with control of dissolved oxygen at 10%, with control of pH at 6.5 and without dissolved oxygen and pH controls). Another set of runs consisted of 11 fed-batch cultivations without dissolved oxygen control, varying glucose concentration from less than 1.0-3.0 g/L, four of which performed controlling the pH at 6.5, and four under partial fed-batch conditions. The highest polysaccharide concentration (0.26 g/L) and the overall yield (0.16 g/g), were obtained in batch and partial fed-batch experiments when glucose concentration was maintained below 1.0 g/L. An empirical relation is proposed to relate the specific production rate of polysaccharide to glucose concentration during the stationary growth phase of the fed-batch runs. The obtained polysaccharide satisfies the molecular weight criterion, being a suitable antigen for vaccine production.


Subject(s)
Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C/genetics , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C/immunology , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C/metabolism , Meningococcal Vaccines/analysis , Meningococcal Vaccines/biosynthesis , Meningococcal Vaccines/supply & distribution , Polysaccharide-Lyases/isolation & purification
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