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1.
Endocrinol. diabetes nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(6): 348-353, jun.-jul. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-176118

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad (DRE) es una enfermedad con alta prevalencia en el medio hospitalario español (uno de cada 4 pacientes). La alianza «Más Nutridos» ha desarrollado un plan de acción para combatir esta entidad. El Sistema Extremeño de Salud ha incluido el cribado nutricional como único paso para luchar contra la DRE. Se realiza una evaluación de los resultados obtenidos por esta estrategia. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio de concordancia en condiciones de práctica clínica habitual estudiando los siguientes indicadores: tasa de cribado nutricional, tasa de diagnósticos nutricionales codificados, tasa de pacientes con valoración del estado nutricional (VEN), tasa de pacientes con cálculo de requerimientos en función de la situación clínica y el estado nutricional, tasa de pacientes con cumplimiento de requerimientos calóricos y proteicos estimados, tasa de pacientes con peso al ingreso, tasa de pacientes con talla al ingreso, tasa de pacientes con peso al alta, tasa de pacientes derivados a la Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética (UNCYD). Se comparan con los datos obtenidos por el programa de lucha contra la desnutrición en Holanda, que se utilizaron como estándares. Resultados: La tasa de cribado nutricional ascendió al 20,5% (IC95: 18,00-21,00%). La tasa de codificación y de valoración del estado nutricional al ingreso fue del 13%. El peso se determinó en el 16,5% de los pacientes al ingreso y en el 20% al alta (mismo resultado para talla). En el 30% se realizó un cálculo de requerimientos, que no fue prácticamente monitorizado (4 de 30 pacientes). Solo el 15% de los pacientes fueron derivados a la UNCYD. Todos los indicadores obtuvieron valores significativamente inferiores a los estándares (p<0,05), con valores de Kappa que en todo caso fueron inferiores a 0,2. El análisis ofreció resultados peores tras suprimir los pacientes atendidos por la UNCYD. Conclusiones: Una estrategia integral de detección y tratamiento de desnutrición propuesta por el Sistema Extremeño de Salud basada solamente en un cribado nutricional es ineficiente a todos los efectos en un hospital de las características del HVP


Introduction: Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) is highly prevalent in Spanish hospitals (occurring in 1 out of every 4 patients). The 'Más Nutridos' Alliance has developed an action plan to detect and treat DRM. In Extremadura (Spain), the public health system has included nutritional screening as the only mechanism to fight malnutrition. The results of this strategy are evaluated here. Patients and methods: An agreement study was conducted in standard clinical practice. Variables collected included the following rates: nutritional screening at entry, coded nutritional diagnoses, nutritional status assessment, nutritional requirements, successful nutritional therapy, weight and height at entry and discharge, referral to a nutritional support unit (NSU). Standards to comparison based on the results of the Netherland Program to Fight Malnutrition. Results: Nutritional screening rate at entry was 20.5% (95% CI: 18.00-21.00). Coding and nutritional status assessment rate at entry was 13%. Weight and height were both measured in 16.5% of patients at entry and 20% at discharge. Nutritional requirements were estimated in 30% and were poorly monitored (13.3%). Only 15% of patients were referred to a NSU. Significantly lower values were found for all indicators as compared to standards, with kappa values lower than 0.2 in all cases. Data analysis showed poorer results when patients referred to the NSU were excluded. Conclusions: A strategy to fight malnutrition based on nutritional screening alone is highly inefficient in hospitals such as HVP


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Nutritional Support , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Hospitalization , Hospitals, Community , Malnutrition/diet therapy , Mass Screening/methods
2.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 65(6): 348-353, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29752042

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) is highly prevalent in Spanish hospitals (occurring in 1 out of every 4 patients). The 'Más Nutridos' Alliance has developed an action plan to detect and treat DRM. In Extremadura (Spain), the public health system has included nutritional screening as the only mechanism to fight malnutrition. The results of this strategy are evaluated here. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An agreement study was conducted in standard clinical practice. Variables collected included the following rates: nutritional screening at entry, coded nutritional diagnoses, nutritional status assessment, nutritional requirements, successful nutritional therapy, weight and height at entry and discharge, referral to a nutritional support unit (NSU). Standards to comparison based on the results of the Netherland Program to Fight Malnutrition. RESULTS: Nutritional screening rate at entry was 20.5% (95% CI: 18.00-21.00). Coding and nutritional status assessment rate at entry was 13%. Weight and height were both measured in 16.5% of patients at entry and 20% at discharge. Nutritional requirements were estimated in 30% and were poorly monitored (13.3%). Only 15% of patients were referred to a NSU. Significantly lower values were found for all indicators as compared to standards, with kappa values lower than 0.2 in all cases. Data analysis showed poorer results when patients referred to the NSU were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy to fight malnutrition based on nutritional screening alone is highly inefficient in hospitals such as HVP.


Subject(s)
Malnutrition/therapy , Nutritional Support , Aged , Female , Hospitals , Humans , Male
5.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 56(1): 4-8, 2009 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19627702

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Metabolic syndrome consists of a group of factors that predict the risk of having an acute cardiovascular event. Some of these factors increase the risk of myocardial infarction and are also associated with the severity of cardiovascular events. The objective was to determine the influence of factors associated with metabolic syndrome, and especially abdominal obesity, on the size of coronary events, estimated by the concentration of total creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and CPK-MB isoenzyme (CPK-MB). SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We performed a cross-sectional study of 40 men diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome. We collected clinical data (age, history of diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension ) and anthropometric data [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHR)]. CPK and CPK-MB concentrations were measured to determine the maximum concentration reached in order to estimate the size of the myocardial infarction area. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30%. Approximately 84% of the patients were overweight and 42% had abdominal obesity. A positive association was found between myocardial enzymes and anthropometric parameters (BMI, WC, WHR). The variable showing the closest association with the size of myocardial infarction was central obesity [total CPK, r (Pearson) = 0.47; p<0.003] and (CPK-MB, r= 0.4; p<0.01). Metabolic syndrome was not a predictive factor for the size of myocardial necrosis (beta=-0.29; p<0.1). Multiple regression analysis showed that WC predicted maximal total CPK (beta=37.15; 95% CI, 9.16-65.15; p<0.01) and CPK-MB concentrations (beta=5.7; 95% CI, -0.4-11.9; p< 0.06) after an acute coronary event. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of abdominal obesity was associated with greater myocardial necrosis size after an acute coronary event.


Subject(s)
Abdominal Fat/pathology , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Obesity/complications , Acute Coronary Syndrome/blood , Acute Coronary Syndrome/complications , Acute Coronary Syndrome/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anthropometry , Blood Glucose/analysis , Creatine Kinase/blood , Creatine Kinase, MB Form/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/pathology , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/blood , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Necrosis , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Waist Circumference
6.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 56(1): 4-8, ene. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-61338

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El síndrome metabólico (SM) se conforma de un grupo de factores predictivos de padecer un síndrome coronario agudo (SCA).Algunos de estos factores no sólo aumentan el riesgo de padecer enfermedad cardiovascular, sino que, una vez producido el evento coronario, se asocian a mayor gravedad del SCA. El objetivo del estudio es determinar la influencia de los componentes del SM, y en especial de la obesidad central, en la gravedad del SCA, estimada según la concentración de creatincinasa (CK) y la isoenzima MB (CK-MB).Sujetos y método: Estudio analítico transversal realizado en 40 varones diagnosticados de SCA. Se recogieron datos clínicos (edad, antecedentes de diabetes, dislipemia e hipertensión), y antropométricos (peso, talla, índice de masa corporal [IMC], circunferencia de la cintura [CC], índice cintura-talla [ICT]). Se determinó la presencia de SM según criterios de la ATPIII. Las concentraciones de CK total y de CK-MB fueron determinadas hasta alcanzarse el pico máximo, con el fin de estimar el tamaño del área de necrosis miocárdica. Resultados: La prevalencia de SM fue del 30%. Un 84% de los pacientes presentaban sobrepeso, con predominio abdominal en el 42%. Se observó una asociación positiva entre las concentraciones de enzimas cardiacas y las medidas antropométricas (IMC, CC e ICT). La variable que presentó mayor asociación con la extensión del infarto fue la CC (r de Pearson = 0,47; p < 0,003) para la CK total y (r = 0,4; p < 0,01) para la CK-MB. Padecer SM no fue predictor del tamaño del área infartada(β = –0,29; p < 0,1). La regresión múltiple demostró que la CC predice la concentración máxima de CK total (β = 37,15; IC del 95%, 9,16-65,15;p < 0,01) y CK-MB (β = 5,7; IC del 95%, –0,4-11,9; p < 0,06) tras un SCA. Conclusiones: La obesidad central se asocia a mayor extensión del área de necrosis miocárdica en pacientes con SCA (AU)


Objective: Metabolic syndrome consists of a group of factors that predict the risk of having an acute cardiovascular event. Some of these factors increase the risk of myocardial infarction and are also associated with the severity of cardiovascular events. The objective was to determine the influence of factors associated with metabolic syndrome, and especially abdominal obesity, on the size of coronary events, estimated by the concentration of total creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and CPK-MB isoenzyme (CPK-MB).Subjects and method: We performed across-sectional study of 40 men diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome. We collected clinical data (age, history of diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension ) and anthropometric data [body mass index(BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to-height ratio (WHR)]. CPK and CPK-MB concentrations were measured to determine the maximum concentration reached in order to estimate the size of the myocardial infarction area. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30%. Approximately 84% of the patients were overweight and 42% had abdominal obesity. A positive association was found between myocardial enzymes and anthropometric parameters (BMI, WC,WHR). The variable showing the closest association with the size of myocardial infarction was central obesity [total CPK, r (Pearson) = 0.47; p < 0.003] and (CPK-MB,r = 0.4; p < 0.01). Metabolic syndrome was not a predictive factor for the size of myocardial necrosis (β = –0.29; p < 0.1).Multiple regression analysis showed that WC predicted maximal total CPK (β = 37.15;95% CI, 9.16-65.15; p < 0.01) and CPK-MB concentrations (β = 5.7; 95% CI, –0.4-11.9;p < 0.06) after an acute coronary event. Conclusions: The presence of abdominal obesity was associated with greater myocardial necrosis size after an acute coronary event (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Obesity/complications , Creatine Kinase/analysis , Acute Coronary Syndrome/etiology , Acute Coronary Syndrome/pathology , Abdominal Fat , Creatine Kinase, MB Form/analysis , Severity of Illness Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Necrosis , Acute Coronary Syndrome/blood
7.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 55(7): 297-300, ago. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69979

ABSTRACT

Los craneofaringiomas son tumores infrecuentes que se localizan fundamentalmente en la silla turca o en el área paraselar. Pueden producir múltiples síntomas neurológicos, visuales o derivados de la afectación del eje hipotálamo-hipofisario. Estas alteraciones de la función hipofisaria se pueden producir tanto en la hipófisis anterior como en laneurohipófisis, y contribuyen a la importante morbilidad y mortalidad, a pesar de su histología benigna. Presentamos el caso de una mujer con un craneofaringioma que producíapanhipopituitarismo y diabetes insípida, en la que el diagnóstico se viodificultado debido a la aparición de hipertiroidismo primario porenfermedad de Graves-Basedow durante el proceso diagnóstico (AU)


Craniopharyngiomas are unusual tumors that are mainly located in the sell a turcica or parasellar structures. These tumors can produce multiple neurological and visual symptoms or manifestations due to involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitaryaxis. Pituitary manifestations can be produced by involvement of the anterior or posterior pituitary and contribute to the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with these tumors, despite their benign histology. We present the case of a woman with acraniopharyngioma that produced panhypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus, in whom diagnosis was hampered by the development of primary hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease during the diagnostic process (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Hypopituitarism/etiology , Craniopharyngioma/complications , Graves Disease/complications , Craniopharyngioma/pathology , Hyperprolactinemia/etiology , Pituitary Function Tests/methods
8.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 55(2): 102-106, feb. 2008. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-63649

ABSTRACT

Se trata de una paciente de 16 años con antecedentes de pubertad precoz idiopática con imagen hipofisaria normal. Diez años después y en relación con el agravamiento de los episodios de cefalea de Horton, se realizó una nueva resonancia magnética craneal, en la que se objetivó una lesión sospechosa de sangrado intrahipofisario. Fue tratada con corticoides, que mejoraron la cefalea pero ocasionaron una complicación grave, la psicosis por esteroides. La decisión de tratamiento quirúrgico y el estudio anatomopatológico de la lesión llevaron al diagnóstico diferencial entre craneofaringioma y xantogranuloma de silla turca. La evolución de la lesión (ausente 10 años antes), la indemnidad de la funcionalidad hormonal y visual, la resección total (muy difícil cuando se trata de craneofaringiomas) y la ausencia de recidiva hacen que el diagnóstico de xantogranuloma de silla turca sea prácticamente seguro Objetivo: Conocer el proceso de adaptación a la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) y analizar su correspondencia con las etapas del proceso de duelo descritas por Kübler-Ross. Sujetos y método: Estudio etnográfico mediante entrevistas en profundidad a 20 pacientes, 10 familiares y 12 profesionales (6 médicos y 6 enfermeras). Para el análisis se siguió el esquema de análisis de datos cualitativos de Miles y Huberman. Resultados: El paciente diagnosticado de DM1 y su familia afrontan la pérdida del estilo de vida y los objetos reales o imaginarios de su vida pasada. Enfermos y familiares experimentan reacciones emocionales que, en algún caso, pueden asemejarse a las etapas de duelo descritas por Kübler-Ross en una enfermedad terminal (negación, rebeldía, negociación, depresión y aceptación), pero hay diferencias que dependen de factores personales y psicosociales. Los profesionales tienden a relacionar la mala adherencia con la negación de la enfermedad, pero algunos pacientes se sienten amenazados por las exigencias de tratamiento y control y por sus consecuencias en su calidad de vida, y conscientemente optan por no seguir las recomendaciones. Es más realista hablar de adaptación a la enfermedad que de aceptación, puesto que los procesos de pérdida son constantes y el enfermo debe reconstruir nuevas identidades según su estado. El proceso de duelo afecta también a la familia y puede ser diferente que el del enfermo en tiempo, intensidad y valoración de los problemas. Conclusiones: La adaptación es un proceso complejo en el que intervienen muchas variables. Se observan diferencias en los mecanismos que utiliza cada sujeto en particular. Los profesionales sanitarios y, particularmente la enfermera, deben considerar las múltiples dimensiones psicosociales de la enfermedad crónica (AU)


We report the case of a 16-year-old girl with a history of idiopathic precocious puberty and normal results on pituitary imaging scan. Ten years later, a new cranial magnetic resonance imaging scan was performed due to worsening of episodes resembling Horton's headache and a lesion suggestive of pituitary bleeding was detected. The headaches diminished with glucocorticoid administration but a severe complication, steroid psychosis, occurred. Surgical treatment and pathological study of the lesion led to the differential diagnosis between craniopharyngyoma and xanthogranuloma of the sella turcica. The clinical progression of the tumor (not visualized 10 years previously), together with preservation of pituitary and visual function both before and after surgery, gross total removal of the tumor (difficult to achieve with craniopharyngioma) and the absence of recurrence provide strong support for the diagnosis of xanthogranuloma of the sella turcica (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile/pathology , Sella Turcica/pathology , Puberty, Precocious/etiology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects , Diagnosis, Differential , Craniopharyngioma/diagnosis , Psychoses, Substance-Induced/complications
9.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 55(2): 102-6, 2008 Feb.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22964104

ABSTRACT

We report the case of a 16-year-old girl with a history of idiopathic precocious puberty and normal results on pituitary imaging scan. Ten years later, a new cranial magnetic resonance imaging scan was performed due to worsening of episodes resembling Horton's headache and a lesion suggestive of pituitary bleeding was detected. The headaches diminished with glucocorticoid administration but a severe complication, steroid psychosis, occurred. Surgical treatment and pathological study of the lesion led to the differential diagnosis between craniopharyngyoma and xanthogranuloma of the sella turcica. The clinical progression of the tumor (not visualized 10 years previously), together with preservation of pituitary and visual function both before and after surgery, gross total removal of the tumor (difficult to achieve with craniopharyngioma) and the absence of recurrence provide strong support for the diagnosis of xanthogranuloma of the sella turcica.

10.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 55(7): 297-300, 2008 Aug.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22975522

ABSTRACT

Craniopharyngiomas are unusual tumors that are mainly located in the sella turcica or parasellar structures. These tumors can produce multiple neurological and visual symptoms or manifestations due to involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Pituitary manifestations can be produced by involvement of the anterior or posterior pituitary and contribute to the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with these tumors, despite their benign histology. We present the case of a woman with a craniopharyngioma that produced panhypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus, in whom diagnosis was hampered by the development of primary hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease during the diagnostic process.

11.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 54(10): 570-572, dic. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69869

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Turner se manifiesta en la mayoría de las pacientes como insuficiencia ovárica primaria por disgenesia gonadal. Sin embargo, en el 5-10% de los casos con cariotipo 45,X y en el 15-20% de los mosaicismos hay cierto grado de desarrollo mamario y ciclos irregulares con fallo ovárico precoz. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con síndrome de Turner (fenotipo característico y cariotipo 46,XX/45,X) que ha presentado menstruaciones hasta los 44 años (AU)


Turner syndrome usually presents with primary amenorrhea resulting from gonadal dysgenesis. However, 5-10% of patients with 45,X karyotype and 15-20% of those with mosaicisms have some degree of breast development and irregular menses, with premature ovarian failure (POF). We present the case of a patient with Turner syndrome (characteristic phenotypic traits and 46,XX/45,X karyotype) who developed secondary amenorrhea at the age of 44 years (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Turner Syndrome/diagnosis , Turner Syndrome/drug therapy , Time Factors , Thyroxine/therapeutic use , Alendronate/therapeutic use , Calcium/therapeutic use , Vitamin D/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies
12.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 54(5): 272-274, mayo 2007. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056818

ABSTRACT

Los adenomas hipofisarios son tumores con un comportamiento generalmente benigno aunque en alrededor del 9 al 40% de los casos invaden estructuras vecinas. La extensión hacia los senos cavernosos de los adenomas hipofisarios puede producir una compresión de las estructuras que alberga, como los pares craneales oculomotores (III, IV y VI) y la primera y la segunda rama del trigémino. La cefalea es un síntoma frecuente en los pacientes que presentan un adenoma hipofisario y puede estar producida por múltiples causas. La neuralgia del trigémino como consecuencia de la compresión del nervio en su recorrido por el seno cavernoso es una causa rara de cefalea en estos pacientes, y es todavía más infrecuente que éste sea el único síntoma que produzca un adenoma hipofisario. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con un macroprolactinoma que presentó como síntoma una neuralgia del trigémino con una remisión completa del dolor tras el tratamiento del adenoma con cabergolina (AU)


Pituitary adenomas are generally regarded as benign tumors, although they can invade neighboring structures such as the cavernous sinus in 9-40% of cases. Extension of pituitary adenomas towards the cavernous sinus can compress the cranial nerves in the area, such as cranial nerves III, IV and VI, and the first and second branches of the trigeminal nerve. Headache is frequent in patients with pituitary adenoma and can be caused by multiple entities. Trigeminal neuralgia as a result of trigeminal nerve compression is a rare cause of headache in these patients and is even more unusual as an isolated symptom. We present the case of a patient with a macroprolactinoma causing trigeminal neuralgia. Complete remission of pain was produced after the adenoma was treated with cabergoline (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Aged , Humans , Trigeminal Neuralgia/etiology , Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adenoma/pathology , Headache/etiology , Prolactinoma/complications
13.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 54(5): 279-282, mayo 2007. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056820

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Addison es una entidad clínica poco frecuente. Su diagnóstico es obvio cuando se presenta en forma de crisis adrenal. Generalmente permanece infradiagnosticada durante sus primeros estadios, debido a que la pérdida de la función adrenal suele ser progresiva, lo que produce una aparición gradual e insidiosa de los síntomas, que son en su mayoría inespecíficos. En muchas áreas del mundo, la tuberculosis o las infecciones fúngicas tienen una gran prevalencia y siguen siendo hoy la principal causa de insuficiencia suprarrenal, pero en nuestro medio son relativamente infrecuentes. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con enfermedad de Addison, con una evolución clínica y radiológica típica de la adrenalitis tuberculosa. Revisamos las dificultades en el diagnóstico etiológico de la enfermedad y su tratamiento (AU)


Addison's disease is an uncommon entity. Diagnosis is usually obvious in patients with adrenal crisis. However, in its early stage, Addison's disease is usually underdiagnosed, given that the loss of adrenal function is often progressive, with gradual and insidious onset of symptoms, most of which are nonspecific. In many parts of the world, tuberculosis or fungal infections are highly prevalent and remain the principal cause of adrenal insufficiency. In western countries, however, adrenal insufficiency due to infectious agents is relatively uncommon. We present a case of tuberculous Addison's disease, with typical clinical and radiological development of adrenal tuberculosis. We also review the difficulties posed by the diagnosis and treatment of this disease (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Aged , Humans , Addison Disease/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/complications , Addison Disease/etiology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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