Behavioral finance in a hundred keywords.

We analyze leading journals in behavioral finance to identify the most-used keywords in the area and how they have evolved. Using keyword analysis of data between 2000 and 2020 as well as data mapping and visualization tools, a dynamic map of the discipline was constructed. This study assesses the state-of-the-art of the field, main topics of discussion, relationships that arise between the concepts discussed, and emerging issues of interest. The sample comprises 3876 pieces, including 15859 keywords from journals responsible for the growth of the discipline, namely the Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Journal of Economic Psychology, Journal of Behavioral Finance, and Review of Behavioral Finance. During the period analyzed, our results depict a lively area and highlight the prominent role that experiments play in the field. Two related but different streams of behavioral finance research are revealed.

Hospital variation in quality indicators for patient blood management in total knee and hip arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Anaemia, blood loss, and blood transfusion are critical aspects of patient care in major orthopaedic surgery. We assessed hospital adherence to guideline-recommended Patient Blood Management (PBM) care, analysed variations between hospitals, and validated two composite indicators of hospital PBM performance in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included all primary TKA and THA procedures performed during 2021 across 39 hospitals in Spain. We assessed hospital adherence to key guideline-recommended PBM interventions using nine individual quality indicators and two types of composite quality indicators (cQIs): opportunity-based (cQI1) and all-or-none (cQI2). We validated these cQIs by analysing their associations with the adjusted total transfusion index using linear regression. RESULTS: We included 8561 patient episodes from 33 hospitals in the analysis. Delivery of PBM care was similar for TKA and THA. Patients received 62% of the analysed PBM interventions and only 12% of patients underwent the full PBM pathway. Higher hospital cQIs scores were associated with a lower adjusted total transfusion index, both in TKA and THA. The greatest association was found for cQI1 in THA patients (ß=-1.18 [95% confidence interval -2.00 to -0.36]; P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Hospital adherence to guideline-recommended patient blood management care in total hip and knee arthroplasty was suboptimal and varied across centres. Using data that are widely available in hospitals, quality indicators and composite scores could become valuable tools for patient blood management monitoring and comparisons between healthcare organisations.

Effect of intraoperative paravertebral or intravenous lidocaine versus control during lung resection surgery on postoperative complications: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Use of minimally invasive surgical techniques for lung resection surgery (LRS), such as video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS), has increased in recent years. However, there is little information about the best anesthetic technique in this context. This surgical approach is associated with a lower intensity of postoperative pain, and its use has been proposed in programs for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). This study compares the severity of postoperative complications in patients undergoing LRS who have received lidocaine intraoperatively either intravenously or via paravertebral administration versus saline. METHODS/DESIGN: We will conduct a single-center randomized controlled trial involving 153 patients undergoing LRS through a thoracoscopic approach. The patients will be randomly assigned to one of the following study groups: intravenous lidocaine with more paravertebral thoracic (PVT) saline, PVT lidocaine with more intravenous saline, or intravenous remifentanil with more PVT saline. The primary outcome will be the comparison of the postoperative course through Clavien-Dindo classification. Furthermore, we will compare the perioperative pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response by monitoring biomarkers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood, as well as postoperative analgesic consumption between the three groups of patients. We will use an ANOVA to compare quantitative variables and a chi-squared test to compare qualitative variables. DISCUSSION: The development of less invasive surgical techniques means that anesthesiologists must adapt their perioperative management protocols and look for anesthetic techniques that provide good analgesic quality and allow rapid rehabilitation of the patient, as proposed in the ERAS protocols. The administration of a continuous infusion of intravenous lidocaine has proven to be useful and safe for the management of other types of surgery, as demonstrated in colorectal cancer. We want to know whether the continuous administration of lidocaine by a paravertebral route can be substituted with the intravenous administration of this local anesthetic in a safe and effective way while avoiding the risks inherent in the use of regional anesthetic techniques. In this way, this technique could be used in a safe and effective way in ERAS programs for pulmonary resection. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT, 2016-004271-52; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03905837 . Protocol number IGGFGG-2016 version 4.0, 27th April 2017.

The effect of anesthetic preconditioning with sevoflurane on intracellular signal-transduction pathways and apoptosis, in a lung autotransplant experimental model / O efeito do pré-condicionamento anestésico com sevoflurano sobre as vias de transdução de sinal intracelular e a apoptose, em modelo experimental de autotransplante pulmonar

Abstract Background: Anesthetic pre-conditioning attenuates inflammatory response during ischemia-reperfusion lung injury. The molecular mechanisms to explain it are not fully understood. The aim of our investigation was to analyze the molecular mechanism that explain the anti-inflammatory effects of anesthetic pre-conditioning with sevoflurane focusing on its effects on MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases), NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa beta) pathways, and apoptosis in an experimental lung autotransplant model. Methods: Twenty large white pigs undergoing pneumonectomy plus lung autotransplant were divided into two 10-member groups on the basis of the anesthetic received (propofol or sevoflurane). Anesthetic pre-conditioning group received sevoflurane 3% after anesthesia induction and it stopped when one-lung ventilation get started. Control group did not receive sevoflurane in any moment during the whole study period. Intracellular signal-transduction pathways (MAPK family), transcription factor (NF-κB), and apoptosis (caspases 3 and 9) were analyzed during experiment. Results: Pigs that received anesthetic pre-conditioning with sevoflurane have shown significant lower values of MAPK-p38, MAPK-P-p38, JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinases), NF-κB p50 intranuclear, and caspases (p < 0.05) than pigs anesthetized with intravenous propofol. Conclusions: Lung protection of anesthetic pre-conditioning with sevoflurane during experimental lung autotransplant is, at least, partially associated with MAPKs and NF κB pathways attenuation, and antiapoptotic effects.

Resumo Justificativa: O pré-condicionamento anestésico atenua a resposta inflamatória durante a lesão de isquemia-reperfusão do pulmão. Os mecanismos moleculares para explicá-lo não são totalmente compreendidos. O objetivo de nossa investigação foi analisar o mecanismo molecular que explica os efeitos anti-inflamatórios do pré-condicionamento anestésico com sevoflurano, enfocar seus efeitos sobre as proteínas quinases ativadas por mitógenos (MAPKs), o fator nuclear kappa beta (NF-κB) e a apoptose em modelo experimental de autotransplante pulmonar. Métodos: Vinte porcos Large White submetidos à pneumonectomia e autoimplante de pulmão foram divididos em dois grupos de 10 membros com base no anestésico recebido (propofol ou sevoflurano). O grupo de pré-condicionamento anestésico recebeu sevoflurano a 3% após a indução da anestesia, que foi descontinuado quando a ventilação monopulmonar foi iniciada. O grupo controle não recebeu sevoflurano em qualquer momento durante todo o período do estudo. As vias de transdução de sinal intracelular (família MAPK), o fator de transcrição (NF-κB) e a apoptose (caspases 3 e 9) foram analisados durante o experimento. Resultados: Os suínos que receberam pré-condicionamento anestésico com sevoflurano apresentaram valores mais baixos de MAPK-p38, MAPK-P-p38, c-Jun N-terminal quinases (JNK), NF-κB p50 intranuclear e caspases (p < 0,05) do que os suínos anestesiados com propofol intravenoso. Conclusões: A proteção pulmonar do pré-condicionamento anestésico com sevoflurano durante o autotransplante pulmonar experimental está, pelo menos, parcialmente associada à atenuação das vias de MAPKs e NF κB e aos efeitos antiapoptóticos.

[The effect of anesthetic preconditioning with sevoflurane on intracellular signal-transduction pathways and apoptosis, in a lung autotransplant experimental model]. / O efeito do pré­condicionamento anestésico com sevoflurano sobre as vias de transdução de sinal intracelular e a apoptose, em modelo experimental de autotransplante pulmonar.

BACKGROUND: Anesthetic pre-conditioning attenuates inflammatory response during ischemia-reperfusion lung injury. The molecular mechanisms to explain it are not fully understood. The aim of our investigation was to analyze the molecular mechanism that explain the anti-inflammatory effects of anesthetic pre-conditioning with sevoflurane focusing on its effects on MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases), NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa beta) pathways, and apoptosis in an experimental lung autotransplant model. METHODS: Twenty large white pigs undergoing pneumonectomy plus lung autotransplant were divided into two 10-member groups on the basis of the anesthetic received (propofol or sevoflurane). Anesthetic pre-conditioning group received sevoflurane 3% after anesthesia induction and it stopped when one-lung ventilation get started. Control group did not receive sevoflurane in any moment during the whole study period. Intracellular signal-transduction pathways (MAPK family), transcription factor (NF-κB), and apoptosis (caspases 3 and 9) were analyzed during experiment. RESULTS: Pigs that received anesthetic pre-conditioning with sevoflurane have shown significant lower values of MAPK-p38, MAPK-P-p38, JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinases), NF-κB p50 intranuclear, and caspases (p<0.05) than pigs anesthetized with intravenous propofol. CONCLUSIONS: Lung protection of anesthetic pre-conditioning with sevoflurane during experimental lung autotransplant is, at least, partially associated with MAPKs and NF κB pathways attenuation, and antiapoptotic effects.

Glycocalyx Degradation after Pulmonary Transplantation Surgery.

PURPOSE: Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a main cause of morbidity after pulmonary resection surgery. The degradation of glycocalyx, a dynamic layer of macromolecules at the luminal surface of the endothelium, seems to participate in tissue dysfunction after IRI. Lidocaine has a proven anti-inflammatory activity in several tissues but its modulation of glycocalyx has not been investigated. This work aimed to investigate the potential involvement of glycocalyx in lung IRI in a lung auto-transplantation model and the possible effect of lidocaine in modulating IRI. METHODS: Three groups (sham-operated, control, and lidocaine), each consisting of 6 Large White pigs, were subjected to lung auto-transplantation. All groups received the same anaesthesia. In addition, the lidocaine group received a continuous IV administration of lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg/h). Lung tissue and plasma samples were taken before pulmonary artery clamp, before reperfusion, and 30 and 60 min post-reperfusion in order to analyse pulmonary oedema, glycocalyx components, adhesion molecules, and myeloperoxidase level. RESULTS: Ischaemia caused pulmonary oedema, which was greater after reperfusion. This effect was accompanied by decreased levels of syndecan-1 and heparan sulphate in the lung samples, together with increased levels of both glycocalyx components in the plasma samples. After reperfusion, neutrophil activation and the expression of adhesion molecules were increased. All these alterations were significantly lower or absent in the lidocaine group. CONCLUSION: Lung IRI caused glycocalyx degradation that contributed to neutrophil activation and adhesion. The administration of lidocaine was able to protect the lung from glycocalyx degradation.

Role of surgical manipulation in lung inflammatory response in a model of lung resection surgery.

OBJECTIVES: Lung resection surgery with one-lung ventilation leads to an inflammatory response. Surgical manipulation can play a key role in this response. Sevoflurane, a commonly used volatile anaesthetic, has a proven anti-inflammatory effect. Our main goal was to evaluate the segregated effect of surgical manipulation during lung resection surgery and the protective role of sevoflurane with regard to this response. METHODS: Fifteen pigs underwent left thoracotomy for caudal lobectomy under general anaesthesia. The animals were divided into 3 groups: control, sevoflurane and sham. The animals in the sham group underwent left thoracotomy and one-lung ventilation over 120 min, without lobectomy. The animals in the sevoflurane group received anaesthetic maintenance with sevoflurane. The animals in the sham group and the control group received propofol during the procedure. Lung biopsies were collected before the procedure (left caudal lobe) and 24 h later (right mediastinal lobe and left upper lobe). The samples were stored to measure levels of inflammatory markers (IL-1, TNF-α and ICAM-1), apoptotic mediators (BAD, BAX, BCL-2 and Caspase-3), Syndecan-1, MicroRNAs 182, 145 and lung oedema. RESULTS: Surgical manipulation increased the expression of inflammation (IL-1, TNF-α and ICAM-1) and proapoptotic mediators (BAX, BAD and Caspase-3). It also caused degradation of endothelial glycocalyx (Syndecan-1) and pulmonary oedema. Administration of sevoflurane reduced the elevation of inflammatory markers, degradation of glycocalyx and pulmonary oedema observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical manipulation of the collapsed lung could increase the expression of inflammation and proapoptotic mediators and cause tissue damage in the form of pulmonary oedema. Sevoflurane could attenuate this molecular response and pulmonary oedema.

Ventilación controlada por volumen y por presión en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas intervenidos quirúrgicamente / Volume- and pressure-controlled ventilation in surgically intervened patients with chronic respiratory diseases

Fundamento: Existe una alta frecuencia en nuestro medio de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y asma bronquial que requieren intervenciones quirúrgicas electivas y precisan de anestesia general con ventilación mecánica controlada por volumen y por presión. Objetivo: Comparar ambos métodos de ventilación controlada en los pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas intervenidos quirúrgicamente de forma electiva en el Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de Camagüey. Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico. El universo comprendió 83 pacientes y la muestra por 40 pacientes. Se conformaron dos grupos de estudio: grupo I, en el cual se utilizó la ventilación controlada por volumen y se prefijó el volumen tidal a 7 mL/kg, con frecuencia respiratoria de 10-12 respiraciones por minuto, índice de inspiración-espiración 1:2 y FiO2 de 20,5 por ciento, y grupo II, en el cual se empleó la ventilación controlada por presión y se prefijó la presión inspiratoria pico ideal para garantizar el volumen minuto adecuado en el paciente, con frecuencia respiratoria de 10-12 respiraciones por minuto, índice de inspiración-espiración 1:2 y FiO2 0,5 por ciento. En ambos grupos se calculó la compliance dinámica y se determinó la relación presión arterial de oxígeno y fracción inspirada de oxígeno. Resultados: Se encontraron cifras mayores de la relación PO2/FiO 2, cifras de PIP más bajas y una mejor compliance dinámica en el grupo II. Conclusiones: La ventilación controlada por presión es una modalidad ventilatoria que ofrece al paciente adecuada oxigenación con mejor compliance y control de la presión inspiratoria pico(AU)

Background: Our scenario presents high frequency of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma and who require elective surgery and general anesthesia with volume- and pressure-controlled mechanical ventilation. Objective: To compare both methods of controlled ventilation in patients with chronic respiratory diseases electively operated at Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital in Camagüey. Methods: Analytical, observational study. The universe comprised 83 patients and the sample comprised 40 patients. Study group I, in which volume-controlled ventilation was used, and volume was adjusted to 7 mL/kg, with respiratory rate of 10-12 breaths per minute, inspiratory-expiration ratio 1:2, and FiO 2 at 20.5 percent; and group II, in which pressure-controlled ventilation was used and the ideal peak inspiratory pressure was set to ensure the patient's adequate volume per minute, respiratory rate of 10-12 breaths per minute, inspiratory-expiration index 1:2, and FiO2 at 0.5 percent. Dynamic compliance was calculated in both groups and the relationship between oxygen arterial pressure and inspired oxygen fraction was determined. Results: We found higher numbers of the PO2/FiO2 ratio, lower PIP numbers and better dynamic compliance in group II. Conclusions : Pressure-controlled ventilation is a ventilation modality that offers the patient adequate oxygenation with better compliance and control of peak inspiratory pressure(AU)

Intravenous lidocaine decreases tumor necrosis factor alpha expression both locally and systemically in pigs undergoing lung resection surgery.

BACKGROUND: Lung resection surgery is associated with an inflammatory reaction. The use of 1-lung ventilation (OLV) seems to increase the likelihood of this reaction. Different prophylactic and therapeutic measures have been investigated to prevent lung injury secondary to OLV. Lidocaine, a commonly used local anesthetic drug, has antiinflammatory activity. Our main goal in this study was to investigate the effect of IV lidocaine on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) lung expression during lung resection surgery with OLV. METHODS: Eighteen pigs underwent left caudal lobectomy. The animals were divided into 3 groups: control, lidocaine, and sham. All animals received general anesthesia. In addition, animals in the lidocaine group received a continuous IV infusion of lidocaine during surgery (1.5 mg/kg/h). Animals in the sham group only underwent thoracotomy. Samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and plasma were collected before initiation of OLV, at the end of OLV, at the end of surgery, and 24 hours after surgery. Lung biopsy specimens were collected from the left caudal lobe (baseline) before surgery and from the mediastinal lobe and the left cranial lobe 24 hours after surgery. Samples were flash-frozen and stored to measure levels of the following inflammatory markers: interleukin (IL) 1ß, IL-2, IL-10, TNF-α, nuclear factor κB, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Markers of apoptosis (caspase 3, caspase 9, Bad, Bax, and Bcl-2) were also measured. In addition, levels of metalloproteinases and nitric oxide metabolites were determined in BAL fluid and in plasma samples. A nonparametric test was used to examine statistical significance. RESULTS: OLV caused lung damage with increased TNF-α expression in BAL, plasma, and lung samples. Other inflammatory (IL-1ß, nuclear factor κB, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and apoptosis (caspase 3, caspase 9, and BAX) markers were also increased. With the use of IV lidocaine there was a significant decrease in the levels of TNF-α in the same samples compared with the control group. Lidocaine administration also reduced the inflammatory and apoptotic changes observed in the control group. Hemodynamic values, blood gas values, and airway pressure were similar in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that lidocaine can prevent OLV-induced lung injury through reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and lung apoptosis. Administration of lidocaine may help to prevent lung injury during lung surgery with OLV.

Comportamiento hemodinámico y ventilatorio intraoperatorio de los pacientes colecistectomizados por cirugía mínima invasiva / Intraoperative hemodynamic and ventilatory behavior of patients cholecystectomized by minimal invasive surgery

La colecistectomía laparoscópica impone nuevos retos al anestesiólogo, por lo que se debe conocer bien los cambios que ocurren a nivel hemodinámico y respiratorio.Objetivo: describir el comportamiento hemodinámico y ventilatorio intraoperatorio de los pacientes colecistectomizados por cirugía mínima invasiva pertenecientes al Hospital Militar Docente Dr. Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja desde enero a diciembre de 2009.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y observacional. El universo de trabajo comprendió un total de 250 pacientes con diagnóstico preoperatorio de litiasis vesicular. La muestra no probabilística en coincidencia con el universo, la conformaron el mismo número de pacientes. Resultados: predominó el grupo de edades entre 50 y 59 años y el sexo femenino. Se resaltó el estado físico ASA II con riesgo quirúrgico regular. La hipertensión arterial fue la enfermedad asociada más frecuente y el factor de riesgo relevante fue el tabaquismo. Durante y luego de la insuflación del neumoperitoneo se produjo una elevación de las cifras tensionales, mientras que la frecuencia cardiaca mostró disminución en sus valores durante la instauración del neumo aunque después se incrementaron en la recuperación anestésica. Los pacientes presentaron cifras de volumen minuto estables. El C02 espirado se elevó durante y luego de la insuflación del neumoperitoneo. La presión inspiratoria pico mostró un incremento, los pacientes mantuvieron excelente saturación parcial de oxígeno durante todo el transoperatorio. El dolor se hizo más relevante durante el posoperatorio.Conclusiones: las ventajas que ofrece la realización de las colecistectomías por cirugía mínima invasiva ofrece un gran reto para los anestesiólogos (AU)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy offers new challenges to the anesthesiologist, that´s why it must know well changes that occur at the hemodynamic and respiratory level.Objective: to describe the intraoperative hemodynamic and ventilatory behavior of patients cholecystectomized by minimal invasive surgery at the Teaching Military Hospital Dr. Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja from January to December 2009.Methods: a descriptive and observational study was conducted. The universe of work was constituted by 250 patients with preoperative diagnosis of vesicular lithiasis. The non probabilistic sample coincided with the universe.Results: the age group between 50-59 years and the female sex prevailed. The ASA II physical state with regular surgical risk highlighted. Hypertension was the most frequent associate disease and smoking the most relevant risk factor. During and after pneumoperitoneum insufflation, tension figures were elevated while cardiac frequency decreased during the said procedure and later increased in the anesthetic recovery. Patients showed stable minute volume numbers. Exhaled C02 was elevated during and after pneumoperitoneum insufflation. The maximum inspiratory pressure increased, patients presented excellent partial oxygen saturation during surgery. Pain increased after surgery. Conclusions: advantages that offer cholecystectomies by minimal invasive surgery are a great challenge for anesthesiologists (AU)

Comportamiento hemodinámico y ventilatorio intraoperatorio de los pacientes colecistectomizados por cirugía mínima invasiva / Intraoperative hemodynamic and ventilatory behavior of patients cholecystectomized by minimal invasive surgery

La colecistectomía laparoscópica impone nuevos retos al anestesiólogo, por lo que se debe conocer bien los cambios que ocurren a nivel hemodinámico y respiratorio.Objetivo: describir el comportamiento hemodinámico y ventilatorio intraoperatorio de los pacientes colecistectomizados por cirugía mínima invasiva pertenecientes al Hospital Militar Docente Dr. Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja desde enero a diciembre de 2009.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y observacional. El universo de trabajo comprendió un total de 250 pacientes con diagnóstico preoperatorio de litiasis vesicular. La muestra no probabilística en coincidencia con el universo, la conformaron el mismo número de pacientes. Resultados: predominó el grupo de edades entre 50 y 59 años y el sexo femenino. Se resaltó el estado físico ASA II con riesgo quirúrgico regular. La hipertensión arterial fue la enfermedad asociada más frecuente y el factor de riesgo relevante fue el tabaquismo. Durante y luego de la insuflación del neumoperitoneo se produjo una elevación de las cifras tensionales, mientras que la frecuencia cardiaca mostró disminución en sus valores durante la instauración del neumo aunque después se incrementaron en la recuperación anestésica. Los pacientes presentaron cifras de volumen minuto estables. El C02 espirado se elevó durante y luego de la insuflación del neumoperitoneo. La presión inspiratoria pico mostró un incremento, los pacientes mantuvieron excelente saturación parcial de oxígeno durante todo el transoperatorio. El dolor se hizo más relevante durante el posoperatorio.Conclusiones: las ventajas que ofrece la realización de las colecistectomías por cirugía mínima invasiva ofrece un gran reto para los anestesiólogos

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy offers new challenges to the anesthesiologist, that´s why it must know well changes that occur at the hemodynamic and respiratory level.Objective: to describe the intraoperative hemodynamic and ventilatory behavior of patients cholecystectomized by minimal invasive surgery at the Teaching Military Hospital Dr. Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja from January to December 2009.Methods: a descriptive and observational study was conducted. The universe of work was constituted by 250 patients with preoperative diagnosis of vesicular lithiasis. The non probabilistic sample coincided with the universe.Results: the age group between 50-59 years and the female sex prevailed. The ASA II physical state with regular surgical risk highlighted. Hypertension was the most frequent associate disease and smoking the most relevant risk factor. During and after pneumoperitoneum insufflation, tension figures were elevated while cardiac frequency decreased during the said procedure and later increased in the anesthetic recovery. Patients showed stable minute volume numbers. Exhaled C02 was elevated during and after pneumoperitoneum insufflation. The maximum inspiratory pressure increased, patients presented excellent partial oxygen saturation during surgery. Pain increased after surgery. Conclusions: advantages that offer cholecystectomies by minimal invasive surgery are a great challenge for anesthesiologists

Ventajas de la máscara laríngea clásica sobre la intubación endotraqueal en intervenciones quirúrgicas ortopédicas electivas / Advantages of the classic laryngeal mask upon the endotracheal intubation in elective orthopedic surgical interventions

Fundamento: La máscara laríngea clásica fue diseñada como parte de la búsqueda específica de una vía aérea más práctica que la mascarilla facial y menos penetrante que la cánula traqueal. Objetivo: Demostrar las ventajas de la máscara laríngea clásica sobre la intubación endotraqueal en intervenciones quirúrgicas ortopédicas electivas. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico transversal para demostrar las ventajas del uso de la máscara laríngea clásica sobre el tubo endotraqueal en intervenciones quirúrgicas ortopédicas electivas. La investigación se desarrolló en el servicio de anestesiología y reanimación del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de Camagüey, desde enero de 2006 hasta julio de 2007. El universo de trabajo comprendió 120 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedades ortopédicas los cuales fueron sometidos a intervenciones quirúrgicas electivas, se conformaron dos grupos de estudios: grupo I con 60 pacientes en los cuales se usó la máscara laríngea y grupo II con 60 pacientes a los que se realizó la intubación endotraqueal(AU

Background: The classic laryngeal mask was designed as part of an specific search of an airway more practical than facial mask and less penetrating than tracheal cannula. Objective: To demonstrate the advantages of the classic laryngeal mask upon the endotracheal intubation in elective orthopedic surgical interventions. Method: A cross-sectional analytic observational study to demonstrate the advantages of the use of the classic laryngeal mask upon the endotracheal tube in elective orthopedic surgical interventions was carried out. The investigation was developed in the anesthesiology and resuscitation service at the .Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital of Camagüey, from January 2006 to July 2007. The universe of work was constituted by 120 patients with orthopedic diseases as diagnosis which were submitted to elective surgical interventions, it were conformed two study groups: I group with 60 patients in which the laryngeal mask was used and II group with 60 patients to whom endotracheal intubation was carried out(AU)

Ventajas de la máscara laríngea clásica sobre la intubación endotraqueal en intervenciones quirúrgicas ortopédicas electivas / Advantages of the classic laryngeal mask upon the endotracheal intubation in elective orthopedic surgical interventions

Fundamento: La máscara laríngea clásica fue diseñada como parte de la búsqueda específica de una vía aérea más práctica que la mascarilla facial y menos penetrante que la cánula traqueal. Objetivo: Demostrar las ventajas de la máscara laríngea clásica sobre la intubación endotraqueal en intervenciones quirúrgicas ortopédicas electivas. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico transversal para demostrar las ventajas del uso de la máscara laríngea clásica sobre el tubo endotraqueal en intervenciones quirúrgicas ortopédicas electivas. La investigación se desarrolló en el servicio de anestesiología y reanimación del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de Camagüey, desde enero de 2006 hasta julio de 2007. El universo de trabajo comprendió 120 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedades ortopédicas los cuales fueron sometidos a intervenciones quirúrgicas electivas, se conformaron dos grupos de estudios: grupo I con 60 pacientes en los cuales se usó la máscara laríngea y grupo II con 60 pacientes a los que se realizó la intubación endotraqueal. Resultados: Se observó una mayor variación de los parámetros cardiovasculares con el uso del tubo endotraqueal y de los parámetros de la mecánica ventilatoria, así como la saturación arterial de oxígeno que fueron equivalentes con el uso de ambos dispositivos. Conclusiones: Con el uso de la máscara laríngea clásica se observó un menor número de complicaciones.

Background: The classic laryngeal mask was designed as part of an specific search of an airway more practical than facial mask and less penetrating than tracheal cannula. Objective: To demonstrate the advantages of the classic laryngeal mask upon the endotracheal intubation in elective orthopedic surgical interventions. Method: A cross-sectional analytic observational study to demonstrate the advantages of the use of the classic laryngeal mask upon the endotracheal tube in elective orthopedic surgical interventions was carried out. The investigation was developed in the anesthesiology and resuscitation service at the .Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital of Camagüey, from January 2006 to July 2007. The universe of work was constituted by 120 patients with orthopedic diseases as diagnosis which were submitted to elective surgical interventions, it were conformed two study groups: I group with 60 patients in which the laryngeal mask was used and II group with 60 patients to whom endotracheal intubation was carried out. Results: A bigger variation of the cardiovascular parameters with the use of the endotracheal tube, and of the mechanical ventilation parameters, as well as the arterial saturation of oxygen that were equivalent with the use of both devices was observed. Conclusions: With the use of the classic laryngeal mask a smaller number of complications was observed.

Anestesia epidural con catéter en la prótesis total de rodilla: presentación de un caso / Epidural catheter into the prosthesis total knee: presentation of a case

La artroplastia total de rodilla es un procedimiento quirúrgico con el objetivo de extirpar una articulación enferma o lesionada de la rodilla e insertar una articulación artificial. Identificar las ventajas que ofrece la anestesia epidural continua en este tipo de cirugía ortopédica, así como la relación entre la anestesia general y la regional con la aparición de complicaciones postoperatorias. Se describe una paciente femenina de 68 años de edad, que ingresó en el Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital Provincial Manuel Ascunce Doménech de Camaguey con el diagnóstico de osteoartritis de rodilla izquierda para la realización de una artroplastia total de la misma. Se presentaron los resultados de la conducción de la anestesia en un paciente para la inserción de una prótesis total de rodilla. Se valoró la relación entre la anestesia general y regional y la aparición de posibles complicaciones en el postoperatorio(AU)

Nuevas alternativas de la máscara laríngea / New alternatives of the laryngeal mask

La intubación endotraqueal constituye una parte esencial de la contribución del anestesiólogo al cuidado de cada paciente. La dificultad para efectuarla pone en peligro la vida aún en manos expertas. La máscara laríngea surge como un aditamento para el abordaje de la vía aérea anatómicamente difícil, garantiza una adecuada ventilación de oxigenación. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las principales características de este aditamento así como actualizar el conocimiento de sus modificaciones, es decir, de la LMA Fastrach y de la LMA ProSeal y de sus aplicaciones en el servicio de anestesiología del Hospital Provincial “Manuel Ascunce Domenech”, no sólo en aquellos pacientes con intubación difícil, sino además en quienes no necesariamente presentan dificultad anatómica que imposibilite la intubación endotraqueal convencional(AU)

Nuevas alternaivvas de la máscara lrííngea / New alternatives of the laryngeal mask

La intubación endotraqueal constituye una parte esencial de la contribución del anestesiólogo al cuidado de cada paciente. La dificultad para efectuarla pone en peligro la vida aún en manos expertas. La máscara laríngea surge como un aditamento para el abordaje de la vía aérea anatómicamente difícil, garantiza una adecuada ventilación de oxigenación. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las principales características de este aditamento así como actualizar el conocimiento de sus modificaciones, es decir, de la LMA Fastrach y de la LMA ProSeal y de sus aplicaciones en el servicio de anestesiología del Hospital Provincial “Manuel Ascunce Domenech”, no sólo en aquellos pacientes con intubación difícil, sino además en quienes no necesariamente presentan dificultad anatómica que imposibilite la intubación endotraqueal convencional.

The endotracheal intubation constitutes an essential part of the contribution of the anaesthesiologist in care of each patient. The difficulty to perform it endangers the life still in expert hands. The laryngeal mask arises like an accessory for the approach to the difficult anatomical air passage, guarantees an adequate ventilation of oxygenation. To describe the main characteristics of this accessory as well as to bring up to date the knowledge of its modifications, that is to say, of the LMA Fastrach and of the LMA Proseal and its applications, is the objective of this work, in the anaesthesiology service at "Manuel Ascunce Domenech" Provincial Hospital, not only in those patients with difficult intubation, but besides in who do not necessarily present anatomical difficulty that makes impossible the conventional endotracheal intubation.

Ventilación artificial mecánica en el status asmático

El estado de mal asmático es considerado un episodio obstructivo bronquial refractario a la terapéutica tradicional. El trabajo se propone determinar la morbimortalidad en los pacientes en status asmático que fueron tratados mediante ventilación artificial mecánica como parte del tratamiento.El universo comprendió 15 pacientes. Los mismos se distribuyeron según edad y sexo. Se identificaron las principales causas del estado crítico, modalidad ventilatoria según estadía de ventilación, comportamiento de los estadios de Bocles complicación más frecuente y estado al egreso. Predominó el grupo etáreo entre 26 y 36 años en ambos sexos. La infección respiratoria fue la causa desencadenante más frecuente y la totalidad de los pacientes se encontraban en estadio III y IV de Bocles al inicio de la ventilación mecánica. La neumonía nosocomial fue la complicación más frecuente. Fueron las causas principales de muerte el shock séptico y la encefalopatía hipóxica. La ventilación artificial mecánica (VAM) resultó un elemento importante en el tratamiento de los pacientes con status asmático. El momento de la indicación de la VAM es primordial para el éxito del tratamiento(AU)

Analgesia epidural torácica en pacientes con fracturas costales múltiples / Thoracic epidural analgesia in patients with multiple rib fractures

Se realizó un estudio analítico transversal para evaluar el alivio del dolor obtenido con la analgesia epidural torácica intermitente en pacientes con fracturas costales múltiples, que arribaron al servicio de Politrauma del Hospital Provincial Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Manuel Ascunce Domenech de Camagüey, en un período de tiempo de dos años y medios. La muestra estuvo constituida por 50 pacientes. Se monitorizó la tensión arterial, frecuencia cardiaca y respiratoria, y volumen minuto. Se valoró la calidad de la analgesia y se evaluaron las complicaciones de la técnica. Se encontró un predominio del sexo masculino y pacientes menores de 39 años. Luego de aplicado el proceder se logró normalidad de los parámetros cardiovasculares y respiratorios previamente alterados. Las complicaciones presentadas fueron leves y se debió al uso del opiáceo(AU)

Analgesia epidural torácica en pacientes con fracturas costales múltiples / Thoracic epidural analgesia in patients with multiple rib fractures

Se realizó un estudio analítico transversal para evaluar el alivio del dolor obtenido con la analgesia epidural torácica intermitente en pacientes con fracturas costales múltiples, que arribaron al servicio de Politrauma del Hospital Provincial Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Manuel Ascunce Domenech de Camagüey, en un período de tiempo de dos años y medios. La muestra estuvo constituida por 50 pacientes. Se monitorizó la tensión arterial, frecuencia cardiaca y respiratoria, y volumen minuto. Se valoró la calidad de la analgesia y se evaluaron las complicaciones de la técnica. Se encontró un predominio del sexo masculino y pacientes menores de 39 años. Luego de aplicado el proceder se logró normalidad de los parámetros cardiovasculares y respiratorios previamente alterados. Las complicaciones presentadas fueron leves y se debió al uso del opiáceo