Human herpesvirus 6 involvement in paediatric drug hypersensitivity syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Human herpesvirus (HHV)6 positivity in the context of drug hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS) may influence disease severity. Systemic corticosteroid treatment of those with DHS testing positive for HHV6 has been speculated to prolong the duration of disease. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether paediatric HHV6-positive patients with DHS develop a more severe illness than those without presumed reactivation, and to evaluate the response to systemic corticosteroid treatment. METHODS: A retrospective case series of 29 paediatric inpatients treated for DHS and tested for HHV6 was undertaken. HHV6-positive and -negative patients were identified and stratified into groups treated or not treated with systemic corticosteroids to examine their disease severity on the basis of hospital length of stay (LOS), total number of febrile days (Tfeb) and days until cessation of progression (CTP). RESULTS: Human herpesvirus6-positive patients had similar demographic characteristics to those of HHV6-negative patients, but had significantly longer hospital LOS (11·5 days vs. 5 days, P = 0·039), Tfeb (12·5 days vs. 3 days, P = 0·032) and CTP (4 days vs. 2 days, P = 0·014). All HHV6-positive patients and most (80%) of the HHV6-negative patients received systemic corticosteroids. Among the HHV6-negative patients, those who received corticosteroids showed significantly shorter CTP than those who did not (3 days vs. 2 days, P = 0·043). Additionally, there was a trend towards shorter hospital LOS and Tfeb among HHV6-negative patients who received corticosteroids vs. those who did not, although these differences were not statistically significant. The most common inciting drugs included trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (34%), phenytoin (10%) and amoxicillin (10%). CONCLUSIONS: Human herpesvirus6 positivity with DHS is associated with a more severe disease course. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids was associated with a trend towards reduced hospital LOS and Tfeb, and a significantly reduced number of days until cessation of progression.

Relationship between weakness and phase angle in advanced cancer patients with fatigue.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the relationship between weakness and bioimpedance analysis (BIA)-derived phase angle in a population of untreated cancer patients with fatigue. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 41 treatment-naive cancer patients of several origins that presented with performance status 1-2, weight loss >5% in the last 6 months, and Fatigue Numeral Scale score >4. Weakness was considered a physical component of the multidimensional fatigue syndrome and was evaluated through several parameters utilizing hand grip strength technique by dinamometry. The same assessment was also performed on a healthy control population (n = 20). BIA-derived phase angle was also determined by BIA. RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, cancer patients exhibited significant differences in all the parameters: median fatigue was 6 (range 5-9), evaluated maximal strength mean was 27 ± 10.71 vs. 42 ± 10.74 kg (p < 0.0001 for patients vs. control, respectively), and muscle strength difference (max-min muscle strength) was also statistically different (p < 0.0001). We also determined parameter associations within the patient population. We found statistical significant correlations between median phase angle score and endurance muscle with percentage of weight loss (r = 0.43, p = 0.03) for head and neck cancer patients, and in non-small cell lung cancer patients, grip work correlated significantly with normal or decreased phase angle (r = 0.85), p = 0.006 (Spearman Rank Correlation). CONCLUSIONS: Weakness could be correlated with normal or decreased phase angle in a population with ambulatory advanced cancer with fatigue naive of treatment. We also found a significant relationship between median phase angle score and endurance muscle with percentage of weight loss in the subpopulation of patients with head and neck carcinoma.

Adecuación de la ingesta calórica en pacientes hospitalizados / Calotic intake adequation in hospitalized patients

La desnutrición hospitalaria es un problema de alta prevalencia, que se asocia con una mayor morbi-mortalidad y que contribuye a aumentar el tiempo de internación y los costos hospitalarios. Se han reportado una serie de factores patogénicos de la misma, uno de los cuales es la inadecuación de la ingesta alimentaria. Varios estudios muestran que el consumo energético durante la internación suele ser inferior a los requerimientos estimados, lo cual frecuentemente se asocia con pérdida de peso y alteración del estado nutricional. Si bien los factores patogénicos asociados a la enfermedad de base son causas importantes de inadecuación calórica, también resultan importantes aquellos factores no primariamente relacionados con la enfermedad de base, sino con la hospitalización y por lo tanto potencialmente controlables y/o modificables tales como: dietas y servicios inadecuados, falta de asistencia en el momento de comer, suspensión de la ingesta y dietas restrictivas por causas no justificadas, etc. Teniendo en cuenta los antecedentes anteriores, decidimos incorporar un registro de ingesta calórica a una cohorte de pacientes incluidos en un amplio estudio de evaluación nutricional, a los fines de describir los factores que pueden afectar la ingesta calórica y repercutir sobre el estado nutricional...

Adecuación de la ingesta calórica en pacientes hospitalizados / Calotic intake adequation in hospitalized patients

La desnutrición hospitalaria es un problema de alta prevalencia, que se asocia con una mayor morbi-mortalidad y que contribuye a aumentar el tiempo de internación y los costos hospitalarios. Se han reportado una serie de factores patogénicos de la misma, uno de los cuales es la inadecuación de la ingesta alimentaria. Varios estudios muestran que el consumo energético durante la internación suele ser inferior a los requerimientos estimados, lo cual frecuentemente se asocia con pérdida de peso y alteración del estado nutricional. Si bien los factores patogénicos asociados a la enfermedad de base son causas importantes de inadecuación calórica, también resultan importantes aquellos factores no primariamente relacionados con la enfermedad de base, sino con la hospitalización y por lo tanto potencialmente controlables y/o modificables tales como: dietas y servicios inadecuados, falta de asistencia en el momento de comer, suspensión de la ingesta y dietas restrictivas por causas no justificadas, etc. Teniendo en cuenta los antecedentes anteriores, decidimos incorporar un registro de ingesta calórica a una cohorte de pacientes incluidos en un amplio estudio de evaluación nutricional, a los fines de describir los factores que pueden afectar la ingesta calórica y repercutir sobre el estado nutricional...(AU)

Knowledge of and attitudes about Alzheimer disease genetics: report of a pilot survey and two focus groups.

OBJECTIVES: In preparation for the development of an educational intervention on Alzheimer disease (AD) genetics, we undertook a pilot survey of knowledge in this area and attitudes toward genetic testing for AD among individuals with a family history of AD. METHODS: For the pilot study, we administered a 30-min questionnaire to 57 unaffected individuals from a genetic linkage study. For the focus groups, we interviewed two groups of subjects, ages 44-70 years, with a family history of AD, one of 10 Caucasians and the other of 6 African-Americans. RESULTS: The pilot study showed that there was limited knowledge of genetics overall and AD genetics in particular, considerable concern about personal risk, and little knowledge of or interest in genetic testing for the disease. The focus groups reinforced and fleshed out these impressions and highlighted the importance of caregiving experience in the attitudes toward personal risk for AD. CONCLUSIONS: These results underscore the value of genetics education for this and other complex diseases and suggest specific foci for educational interventions.

Efectos fisiológicos de una maniobra de reclutamiento alveolar escalonada en pacientes con SDRA en etapa precoz / Physiological effects of a scaled alveolar recruitment maneuver in patients with early-stage acute respiratory distress syndrome

Fundamento. Evaluar el impacto sobre la oxigenación y la distensibilidad del sistema respiratorio, de una maniobra de apertura pulmonar en pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA) en etapa temprana de la evolución. Pacientes y método. Estudio llevado a cabo en 18 pacientes con SDRA grave (PaO2/FiO2 < 150 mmHg) y temprano ( 72 h de evolución), a quienes se realizó una maniobra de reclutamiento con valores crecientes de PEEP hasta que ésta alcance 35 cmH2O o una presión máxima en la vía aérea de 60 cmH2O. Resultados. Después de la maniobra, a iguales valores de ventilación controlada por presión y PEEP, mejoró la distensibilidad del sistema respiratorio (32,50 [10,06] frente a 38,07 [11,77] ml/cmH2O; p < 0,001), la PaO2/FiO2 (110,5 [41,09] frente a 217,83 [102,51]; p < 0,001) y aumentó el volumen corriente (6,79 [0,79] a 8,32 [1,33] ml/kg; p < 0,001). Hubo una correlación positiva significativa entre ganancia de volumen corriente y cambio de la PaO2/FiO2 (p = 0,03; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 por ciento, 0,044-0,91). Observamos una caída significativa de la presión arterial sistólica (129,94 [23,19] frente a 114,83 [37,12] mmHg; p < 0,001) que mejoró al finalizar la maniobra. No se detectó barotrauma en ningún paciente. Conclusiones. En pacientes con SDRA temprano, ventilados con una estrategia protectora pulmonar, la realización de una maniobra de reclutamiento alveolar fue efectiva en mejorar la oxigenación y la distensibilidad en la mayoría de los pacientes. El aumento de volumen corriente hallado después de la maniobra se correlacionó con la mejoría en la oxigenación (AU)

Low plasma leptin concentration and low rates of fat oxidation in weight-stable post-obese subjects.

OBJECTIVE: A low resting metabolic rate for a given body size and composition, a low rate of fat oxidation, low levels of physical activity, and low plasma leptin concentrations are all risk factors for body weight gain. The aim of the present investigation was to compare resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory quotient (RQ), levels of physical activity, and plasma leptin concentrations in eight post-obese adults (2 males and 6 females; 48.9 +/- 12.2 years; body mass index [BMI]: 24.5 +/- 1.0 kg/m2; body fat 33 +/- 5%; mean +/- SD) who lost 27.1 +/- 21.3 kg (16 to 79 kg) and had maintained this weight loss for > or =2 months (2 to 9 months) to eight age- and BMI-matched control never-obese subjects (1 male and 7 females; 49.1 +/- 5.2 years; BMI 24.4 +/- 1.0 kg/m2; body fat 33 +/- 7%). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Following 3 days of weight maintenance diet (50% carbohydrate and 30% fat), RMR and RQ were measured after a 10-hour fast using indirect calorimetry and plasma leptin concentrations were measured using radioimmunoassay. Levels of physical activity were estimated using an accelerometer over a 48-hour period in free living conditions. RESULTS: After adjustment for fat mass and fat-free mass, post-obese subjects had, compared with controls, similar levels of physical activity (4185 +/- 205 vs. 4295 +/- 204 counts) and similar RMR (1383 +/- 268 vs. 1430 +/- 104 kcal/day) but higher RQ (0.86 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.81 +/- 0.03, p < 0.05). Leptin concentration correlated positively with percent body fat (r = 0.57, p < 0.05) and, after adjusting for fat mass and fat-free mass, was lower in post-obese than in control subjects (4.5 +/- 2.1 vs. 11.6 +/- 7.9 ng/mL, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: The low fat oxidation and low plasma leptin concentrations observed in post-obese individuals may, in part, explain their propensity to relapse.

[Heart rate and physical activity to assess energy expenditure in children]. / Medicion del gasto energetico en niños a partir de la frecuencia cardiaca y actividad.

The aim of the present study was to validate assessment of oxygen consumption (VO2) from heart rate (HR) and physical activity (PA) electronically recorded. Every minute, mean VO2 were validated with indirect calorimetry. We studied 25 children (12 girls, 13 boys), 12.1 +/- 0.7 years old. Measurements were made during about 60 minutes while kids were supine, sitting, standing and walking at four intensities. Minute by minute heart rate was converted to VO2 and energy expenditure using 2 different functions for active and inactive situations. A linear function (VO2 = a + beta HR) was used when counts were 7 or higher and HR higher than a prefixed point (intersection between the 2 line functions). A nonlinear equation (VO2 = a + beta HR3) was used in the remaining minutes. Mean predicted VO2 for every minute were similar to measured VO2 (2 ways interaction ANOVA, p = 0.99). Mean VO2 correlated significantly with VO2 predicted by equation (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). High degree of agreement was found (Bland-Altman comparisons). Combined heart rate and physical activity predicted oxygen consumption with a precision similar to the indirect calorimetric method.

Medicion del gasto energetico en niños a partir de la frecuencia cardiaca y actividad. / [Heart rate and physical activity to assess energy expenditure in children]

The aim of the present study was to validate assessment of oxygen consumption (VO2) from heart rate (HR) and physical activity (PA) electronically recorded. Every minute, mean VO2 were validated with indirect calorimetry. We studied 25 children (12 girls, 13 boys), 12.1 +/- 0.7 years old. Measurements were made during about 60 minutes while kids were supine, sitting, standing and walking at four intensities. Minute by minute heart rate was converted to VO2 and energy expenditure using 2 different functions for active and inactive situations. A linear function (VO2 = a + beta HR) was used when counts were 7 or higher and HR higher than a prefixed point (intersection between the 2 line functions). A nonlinear equation (VO2 = a + beta HR3) was used in the remaining minutes. Mean predicted VO2 for every minute were similar to measured VO2 (2 ways interaction ANOVA, p = 0.99). Mean VO2 correlated significantly with VO2 predicted by equation (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). High degree of agreement was found (Bland-Altman comparisons). Combined heart rate and physical activity predicted oxygen consumption with a precision similar to the indirect calorimetric method.

The MicroScan WalkAway diagnostic microbiology system--an evaluation.

The MicroScan WalkAway is an automated bacterial identification and susceptibility testing system that has only recently been marketed in Australasia. We evaluated the performance of the instrument using MicroScan Rapid fluorescent panels to determine the identity and antibiotic susceptibilities of 100 Gram negative and 100 Gram positive organisms representing both common clinical isolates and selected organisms of interest. MicroScan results were compared with those obtained by conventional biochemical identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing using agar dilution following the National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines. MicroScan and reference identifications were in agreement for 93% of Gram negative organisms. MicroScan results were available within 2 hrs. Additional tests were required to confirm the identity of 9 isolates but on only 2 occasions would a definitive identification been delayed beyond 24 hrs. Very major or major discrepancies were seen in 2% and minor discrepancies in 8% of Gram negative susceptibility tests. Susceptibility results were available within 7 hrs but could not be obtained for 13 slow growing organisms. With Gram positive organisms MicroScan agreed with the reference identification of 87% of isolates cultured on horse and 90% of those cultured on sheep blood agar. Discrepancies that occurred in the identification of some streptococci made us question the suitability of MicroScan as the sole means of identifying these organisms. All identifications were available within 24 hrs and the requirement for additional tests was minimal. Susceptibility results closely matched those obtained by agar dilution with < 1% major and 7% and 9% minor discrepancies occurring with sheep and horse blood respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Somatostatina en el tratamiento de emergencia de la hemorragia digestiva alta en hipertensos portales / Somatostatin in the emergency treatment of upper digestive hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension

Durante un período de 2 años se evaluó utilidad de la somatostatina (250 mcg en bolo seguido de 250 mcg/h IV) en 17 episodios de hemorragia por várices esofágicas (VES) y 7 por lesiones agudas de la mucosa gastroduodenal (LAMG) en hipertensos portales diagnosticados por endoscopía de urgencia. Se obtuvo la hemostásia inicial (dentro de las 2 hs.) en el 76% de las VES y el 100% de las LAMG. Tres de los 4 pacientes con VES y los 2 con LAMG que recidivaron la hemorragia durante el tratamiento respondieron al duplicar la dosis de somatostatina. La hemostasia a las 24 hs., fue del 71% para las VES, iniciándose en ese momento la esclerosis endoscópica, y del 100% ára las LAMG. Con las combinación de distintas terapéuticas se controló la hemorragia en 16 de los 17 pacientes com VES (94%). En ningún caso se observaron efectos colaterales adjudicables a la somatostatina. De acuerdo a nuestros hallazgos la somatostatina es una opción terapéutica valiosa en el tratamiento de emergencia de la hemorragia digestiva alta en pacientes con hipertensión portal

Somatostatina en el tratamiento de emergencia de la hemorragia digestiva alta en hipertensos portales / Somatostatin in the emergency treatment of upper digestive hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension

Durante un período de 2 años se evaluó utilidad de la somatostatina (250 mcg en bolo seguido de 250 mcg/h IV) en 17 episodios de hemorragia por várices esofágicas (VES) y 7 por lesiones agudas de la mucosa gastroduodenal (LAMG) en hipertensos portales diagnosticados por endoscopía de urgencia. Se obtuvo la hemostásia inicial (dentro de las 2 hs.) en el 76% de las VES y el 100% de las LAMG. Tres de los 4 pacientes con VES y los 2 con LAMG que recidivaron la hemorragia durante el tratamiento respondieron al duplicar la dosis de somatostatina. La hemostasia a las 24 hs., fue del 71% para las VES, iniciándose en ese momento la esclerosis endoscópica, y del 100% ára las LAMG. Con las combinación de distintas terapéuticas se controló la hemorragia en 16 de los 17 pacientes com VES (94%). En ningún caso se observaron efectos colaterales adjudicables a la somatostatina. De acuerdo a nuestros hallazgos la somatostatina es una opción terapéutica valiosa en el tratamiento de emergencia de la hemorragia digestiva alta en pacientes con hipertensión portal (AU)

[Somatostatin in the emergency treatment of upper digestive hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension]. / Somatostatina en el tratamiento de emergencia de la hemorragia digestiva alta en hipertensos portales.

During a 2-yr period 15 patients (17 episodes) with variceal bleeding (VB) and 7 with cirrhosis and acute gastroduodenal haemorrhage (GDH) received intravenous somatostatin (250 mcg per hr after a bolus of 250 mcg). Initial control of bleeding was achieved in 13 (76%) with VB and in all with GDH. Three of the 4 patients with VB and 2 with GDH who rebled during treatment were controlled increasing the infusion to 500 mcg/hr. Patients with VB received somatostatin for 24 hrs, time selected for initiating injection sclerotherapy, and those with GDH for 48-72 hrs. At 24 hrs 71% of patients with VB and all with GDH were free of bleeding. Combining different therapies VB was controlled in 16 of the 17 episodes (94%) with only one death. No complications were observed in any of the 22 patients treated.

Somatostatina en el tratamiento de emergencia de la hemorragia digestiva alta en hipertensos portales. / [Somatostatin in the emergency treatment of upper digestive hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension]

During a 2-yr period 15 patients (17 episodes) with variceal bleeding (VB) and 7 with cirrhosis and acute gastroduodenal haemorrhage (GDH) received intravenous somatostatin (250 mcg per hr after a bolus of 250 mcg). Initial control of bleeding was achieved in 13 (76

) with VB and in all with GDH. Three of the 4 patients with VB and 2 with GDH who rebled during treatment were controlled increasing the infusion to 500 mcg/hr. Patients with VB received somatostatin for 24 hrs, time selected for initiating injection sclerotherapy, and those with GDH for 48-72 hrs. At 24 hrs 71

of patients with VB and all with GDH were free of bleeding. Combining different therapies VB was controlled in 16 of the 17 episodes (94

) with only one death. No complications were observed in any of the 22 patients treated.