Serological and Molecular Survey of Brucella Species in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Brazil.

Background: Although Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, and Brucella canis may infect humans and dogs worldwide, no study to date has assessed and compared owners and their dogs between island and mainland seashore areas. Materials and Methods: Accordingly, the study herein has applied serological tests, including Microplate Agglutination Test with 2-Mercaptoethanol, immunochromatographic assay, and Rose Bengal Test, and a Brucella genus-specific PCR assay to 195 owners and their 148 dogs living on 1 mainland seashore area and three nearby oceanic islands of southern Brazil. Results: No seropositivity to B. abortus and B. suis was detected in owner or dog sera. Anti-B. canis seropositivity was observed in 3/148 (2.0%) dogs, but no owner sample was seropositive to B. canis. In addition, all blood samples from both owners and dogs were negative on Brucella genus-specific PCR assay. Conclusions: The seropositive dogs were not related and lived on the seashore mainland area of Guaraqueçaba city. The absence of seropositivity on the islands and the low seropositivity on the seashore mainland could be attributed to geographic isolation, and suggest the low impact of the disease in the region. Despite being a zoonotic disease, brucellosis by B. canis is not included in the National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis, and its diagnosis and notification are not mandatory. The presence of seropositive dogs highlights the risk to human health and the importance of epidemiological surveillance actions in the region, as well as the need for the implantation of preventive measures to avoid the transmission of the pathogen.

Symmetrical parapagus diprosopus: A comparative, computed tomographic, and pathoanatomical study of a new case in domestic pig.

BACKGROUND: Parapagus diprosopus are conjoined twins characterized by craniofacial duplication and only one body, representing one of the rarest types of these twins. Their occurrence has been recorded in different species of vertebrates, including humans, but few cases have been studied in domestic pigs. CASE: A pair of conjoined twin pigs was studied using x-rays, computed tomography, and necropsy. The abnormalities found were compared with those of the rare swine cases presented in the literature as well as with other species, and the different etiopathogenetic possibilities were addressed. The degree of duplication of the head bones decreased caudally, as did that of the structures of the central nervous system. In the two oral cavities, there was a complete cleft palate. All the cervical vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae up to T3 were partially duplicated. The heart and great vessels were normal, as were the other thoracic and abdominal organs. CONCLUSIONS: The conjoined twin pigs of this study are a case of parapagus diprosopus tetraophthalmus triotus, presenting the same pattern of abnormalities of human diprosopus and that of other species. The scarcity of detailed studies on craniofacial duplication in pigs and the lack of a definitive explanation on the etiology and pathogenesis of conjoined twins shows the need for further research and the publication of more cases.

Spatial Owner-Dog Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. Antibodies in Oceanic Islands and Costal Mainland of Southern Brazil.

Leptospirosis has been described as a disease neglected worldwide. Affecting humans and animals, the disease is often related to poor environmental conditions such as lack of sanitation and presence of synanthropic rodents. Despite being considered as a One Health issue, no study has focused on comparing owner-dog seroprevalence between islands and seashore mainland. Accordingly, the present study assessed anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies by applying microscopic agglutination test (MAT) methods to Leptospira and assessing associated risk factors via univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of owners and their dogs in islands and seashore mainland of southern Brazil. No anti-Leptospira spp. Seropositivity was found in 330 owner serum samples, while dogs presented an overall seroprevalence of 5.9%. All seropositive dogs reacted to serogroups of Leptospira interrogans, including 66.7% of Pyrogenes, 44.4% Canicola, 22.2% Icterohaemorrhagiae, 16.7% Australis; six reacted to more than one serogroup. No association was found among seropositivity and epidemiological variables, except that neighborhood dogs were less likely to be seropositive. Although no seropositivity was observed in owners, seropositivity in dogs had the potential to indicate such species as being sentinels for environmental exposure and potential human risk of infection.

Antibiotic usage patterns in exotic pets: A study in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

Background: The link between the reckless use of antimicrobials with the increasing development of multidrug-resistant strains of antibiotics is well established. To control the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), action plans, recommendations and guidelines on the prudent use of antibiotics have been developed for food-producing animals and companion animals but appear to be lacking in exotic pets due to the scarcity of data and information on the use of antibiotics in these species. Aim: The purpose of this study is to bring qualitative and quantitative data regarding the use of antimicrobials in exotic pets in a veterinary center in southern Brazil, seeking to measure the consumption of these animals to determine and guide future actions to combat AMR. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted by surveying 2,190 open care records in a specialized clinic of wildlife medicine in 2018. Data evaluation was performed in a descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative way, and the analysis of antimicrobial consumption was performed by calculating the daily dose/g of animal ml/day/kg by animal order, condition and active principle, adaptation to DDDVet. For statistical analysis, Levene´s, ANOVA followed by Tukey´s tests were used. Results: Approximately 57% (1250/2190) of the visits made use of one or more antimicrobials in the treatment of animals referred to the clinic. Of these, 67% (n = 839) were birds, 26% (n = 327) were mammals, and 7% (n = 84) were reptiles. In 2018, the total consumption of antimicrobials prescribed was 2.21 l for a total biomass of 129.24 kg. The relation between the dosages of the main antimicrobials used and the conditions treated showed that there is no variation between the treatments by disease and by animal class, due to the great variation within each group. Conclusion: The antimicrobial prescription in exotic pets requires a multifaceted and dynamic approach applied to safeguard the efficacy of the antimicrobials, optimizing consumption, minimizing the emergence of AMR and other possible adverse effects, and considering the physiological differences present within each species. The doses between the different classes and conditions do not obtain a significant difference, reflected in a possible nonstandardization of the dosages used, requiring further investigation of the recommended dosages for each animal species, avoiding the over or underdosing of these drugs. It is worth highlighting that professionals must always make rational use of antimicrobials in these species.

Epidemiology of Rickettsia spp. in Atlantic rainforest areas of island and seashore mainland, southern Brazil.

Non-fatal cases of rickettsial infection with different clinical features than the classic BSF (Brazilian Spotted Fever) have been reported in seashore areas of Paraná state, southern Brazil. In addition, Amblyomma ovale tick infected by Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest has been also described in this area. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of anti-Rickettsia spp. antibodies in human and dog populations, and Rickettsia spp. infection in ticks from oceanic islands and seashore mainland cities of southern Brazil. Serum samples were collected from 328 persons and their 282 dogs from three islands and two seashore mainland cities. A total of 211 ticks were collected from dogs, identified as A. ovale and R. sanguineus. In overall, 40 of 328 (12.2%) human samples were seropositive for Rickettsia spp., including 21 of 190 (11.1%) on islands and 19 of 138 (13.7%) on seashore mainland, and 62 of 282 (22.0%) dog samples, including 31 of 153 (20.3%) on islands and 31 of 129 (24.0%) in seashore mainland areas. In overall, nine of 82 (11.0%) ticks were positive to real-time PCR assay targeting a fragment of the rickettsial gltA gene, including two of 64 (3.1%) Rickettsia sanguineus and seven of 18 (38.9%) A. ovale, of which four were infected with the R. parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest. Despite no association between risk factors and Rickettsia spp. seropositivity was found in human beings, access to natural areas (p = .011) and tick infestation (p = .004) was significantly associated to dog seropositivity. The serological and molecular findings herein have confirmed previous tick and clinical case reports and enlarged the geographical occurrence of A. ovale infected by R. parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest in oceanic islands and seashore mainland cities of Paraná State, indicating a new likely transmission area of this new rickettsial infection in human beings and dogs of southern Brazil.

Seropositivity of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Southern Brazil.

Although toxoplasmosis has been considered among the most neglected zoonoses worldwide, no study has focused on the frequency and associated risk factors of owners and their dogs living on an island and mainland seashore areas. Accordingly, anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies were screened by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in owners and dogs from three oceanic islands and two nearby mainland harbor areas, with associated risk factors for toxoplasmosis assessed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Overall, anti-T. gondii seropositivity was observed in 59/328 (18.0%) owners and 66/283 (23.3%) dogs, with no statistical difference between owners (p = 0.360) and dogs (p = 0.655) from islands and mainland areas. Consumption of local water springs (p = 0.016; OR = 2.11) was an associated risk factor for T. gondii seropositivity, and owners with the habit of spring water intake were twice more likely seropositive (p = 0.014; OR = 2.14). Presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in dogs was associated with seropositive owners (p = 0.008; OR = 2.81), household consumption of beef meat (p = 0.042; OR = 1.7) and chicken (p = 0.026; OR = 2.9). Despite being lower than the worldwide prevalence, toxoplasmosis seropositivity in owners and their dogs in southern Brazil was influenced by the positive owner, water source, and meat consumption, and not by inhabiting islands or seashore mainland areas, presence of dogs, cats, or both. In addition, drinking water quality should always be considered a critical risk factor for toxoplasmosis on islands.

One Health approach on human seroprevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies, Toxocara spp. eggs in dogs and sand samples between seashore mainland and island areas of southern Brazil.

Toxocariasis, caused by Toxocara spp. nematodes, is among the top 5 neglected parasitic diseases worldwide; however, no comprehensive study to date has serologically compared infections in people and their dogs and environmentally contaminated soil or sand of mainland and island locations. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies in traditional human seashore populations, the presence of eggs in dogs' feces and hair, and the presence of eggs in environmental samples from islands compared to the adjacent mainland of southern Brazil. Overall, 212/328 (64.6%) people were positive for Toxocara spp. antibodies, including 125/190 (65.8%) island and 87/138 (63.0%) mainland residents. For dog samples, 12/115 (10.43%) were positive for the presence of Toxocara spp. eggs, all from dogs living in islands, and 22/104 (21.15%) dog hair samples contained eggs of Toxocara spp. Environmental contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs was observed in 50/130 (38.46%) samples from all sampled sites. No significant association was found between risk factors (age, sex, educational level, monthly income, owning dogs or cats, ingestion of treated water, and consumption of raw or uncooked meat) and Toxocara spp. seropositivity. The present study is the first concurrent report on people, their dogs, and environmental contamination of Toxocara spp. The high prevalence we observed in the seashore populations of both in island and mainland areas may be caused by exposure to contaminated sand and climatic factors favoring frequent exposure to Toxocara spp. In conclusion, seashore lifestyle and living conditions of both island and mainland areas may have predisposed higher contact with infected pets and contaminated soil, favoring the high prevalence of toxocariasis.

From the Approach to the Concept: One Health in Latin America-Experiences and Perspectives in Brazil, Chile, and Colombia.

Professionals throughout the world have been working to assess the interdisciplinary interaction and interdependence between health and wellbeing in a constantly changing environment. The One Health concept was developed to encourage sustainable collaborative partnerships and to promote optimal health for people, animals, plants, the environment, and the whole planet. The dissemination of scientific discoveries and policies, by working directly with diverse communities, has been one of the main goals for Global One Health. The One Health concept has also been referred or related to as "One Medicine, One Medicine-One Health, One World-One Health, EcoHealth," and Planetary Health," depending on each fundamental view and approach. In Latin America, despite the concept still being discussed among health professionals and educators, several One Health initiatives have been used daily for more than decades. One Health action has been applied especially in rural and underserved urban areas where low socioeconomic status, lack of health professionals, and scarcity of medical resources may require professionals to work together. Local communities from diverse social and economic statuses, including indigenous populations have been working with institutions and social organizations for many years, accomplishing results through grassroots movements. These "bottom-up" socio-community approaches have also been tools for the prevention and control of diseases, such practice has preceded the One Health concepts in Latin American countries. It is strongly believed that collaborative, multidisciplinary, political, and economic initiatives with prosocial focus may become investments toward obtaining significant results in the face of global, economic and health challenges; working for a healthier world with inclusivity, equity, and equality. In this study, it is briefly presented how the One Health approach has been initiated and developed in Latin America, highlighting the events and actions taken in Brazil, Chile, and Colombia.

Public policies for population management of dogs and cats and social indicators of the Curitiba Metropolitan Region in Brazil / Políticas públicas de manejo populacional de cães e gatos e indicadores sociais da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba no Brasil

The objective of this study was to map public policies for population management of dogs and cats in the Curitiba Metropolitan Region (CMR) and to assess their correlations with social indicators. The data used consisted of answers from questionnaires sent via email to public managers of 14 municipalities of the CMR, and data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and Parana Institute for Economic and Social Development (IPARDES). Nine of the 14 municipalities (64.29%) had public policies for population management of dogs and cats, and five (35.71%) had no such public policies. Six (42.86%) municipalities had no other public policy related to population management of dogs and cats, besides population management; and eight (57.14%) had other public policies. The three indicators that had significant and positive correlation with the existence of these public policies were Total Gross Domestic Product (GDPt) (0.028), Income Inequality (GINI index) (0.039), and Human Development Index (HDI) (0.039). However, the decision for the implementation of public policies related to animals depends on the local government because investments on these policies are not considered in the municipal tax revenue.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi mapear políticas públicas para manejo populacional de cães e gatos na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (RMC) e avaliar suas correlações com indicadores sociais. Os dados utilizados foram respostas de questionários enviados por e-mail a gestores públicos de 14 municípios da RMC e dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e Instituto Paranaense de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (IPARDES). Nove dos 14 municípios (64,29%) possuíam políticas públicas para o manejo populacional de cães e gatos e cinco (35,71%) não possuíam tais políticas públicas. Seis (42,86%) municípios não possuíam outras políticas públicas relacionadas ao manejo populacional de cães e gatos, além do manejo populacional; e oito (57,14%) possuíam outras políticas públicas. Os três indicadores que apresentaram correlação significativa e positiva com a existência dessas políticas públicas foram Produto Interno Bruto Total (PIBt) (0,028), Desigualdade de Renda (índice GINI) (0,039) e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) (0,039). No entanto, a decisão para a implementação de políticas públicas relacionadas a animais depende do governo local, pois os investimentos nessas políticas não são considerados na receita tributária municipal.(AU)

Public policies for population management of dogs and cats and social indicators of the Curitiba Metropolitan Region in Brazil / Políticas públicas de manejo populacional de cães e gatos e indicadores sociais da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba no Brasil

The objective of this study was to map public policies for population management of dogs and cats in the Curitiba Metropolitan Region (CMR) and to assess their correlations with social indicators. The data used consisted of answers from questionnaires sent via email to public managers of 14 municipalities of the CMR, and data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and Parana Institute for Economic and Social Development (IPARDES). Nine of the 14 municipalities (64.29%) had public policies for population management of dogs and cats, and five (35.71%) had no such public policies. Six (42.86%) municipalities had no other public policy related to population management of dogs and cats, besides population management; and eight (57.14%) had other public policies. The three indicators that had significant and positive correlation with the existence of these public policies were Total Gross Domestic Product (GDPt) (0.028), Income Inequality (GINI index) (0.039), and Human Development Index (HDI) (0.039). However, the decision for the implementation of public policies related to animals depends on the local government because investments on these policies are not considered in the municipal tax revenue.

O objetivo deste estudo foi mapear políticas públicas para manejo populacional de cães e gatos na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (RMC) e avaliar suas correlações com indicadores sociais. Os dados utilizados foram respostas de questionários enviados por e-mail a gestores públicos de 14 municípios da RMC e dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e Instituto Paranaense de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (IPARDES). Nove dos 14 municípios (64,29%) possuíam políticas públicas para o manejo populacional de cães e gatos e cinco (35,71%) não possuíam tais políticas públicas. Seis (42,86%) municípios não possuíam outras políticas públicas relacionadas ao manejo populacional de cães e gatos, além do manejo populacional; e oito (57,14%) possuíam outras políticas públicas. Os três indicadores que apresentaram correlação significativa e positiva com a existência dessas políticas públicas foram Produto Interno Bruto Total (PIBt) (0,028), Desigualdade de Renda (índice GINI) (0,039) e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) (0,039). No entanto, a decisão para a implementação de políticas públicas relacionadas a animais depende do governo local, pois os investimentos nessas políticas não são considerados na receita tributária municipal.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Surgical Decompression Alone and Combined With Canine Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation in Dogs With Acute Thoracolumbar Disk Disease and Spinal Cord Injury.

Paraparesis and paraplegia are common conditions in dogs, most often caused by a disc herniation in the thoracolumbar spinal segments (T3-L3), which is a neurological emergency. Surgical decompression should be performed as soon as possible when spinal compression is revealed by myelography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Mesenchymal stem-cell therapy is a promising adjunct treatment for spinal cord injury. This study sought to compare the effects of surgical decompression alone and combined with an allogeneic transplantation of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAd-MSCs) in the treatment of dogs with acute paraplegia. Twenty-two adult dogs of different breeds with acute paraplegia resulting from a Hansen type I disc herniation in the thoracolumbar region (T3-L3) were evaluated using computed tomography. All dogs had grade IV or V lesions and underwent surgery within 7 days after symptom onset. They were randomly assigned into two groups, 11 dogs in each. The dogs in Group I underwent hemilaminectomy, and those in Group II underwent hemilaminectomy and cAd-MSC epidural transplantation. In both groups, all dogs with grade IV lesions recovered locomotion. The median locomotion recovery period was 7 days for Group II and 21 days for Group I, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, the median length of hospitalization after the surgery was statistically different between the two groups (Group I, 4 days; Group II, 3 days; p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant between-group differences regarding the number of animals with grade IV or V lesions that recovered locomotion and nociception. In conclusion, compared with surgical decompression alone, the use of epidural cAd-MSC transplantation with surgical decompression may contribute to faster locomotor recovery in dogs with acute paraplegia and reduce the length of post-surgery hospitalization.

Mycotoxins in dry-cured meats: A review.

Dry-cured meats products are consumed in various regions of the world and, consumers are increasingly demanding better quality and safety of these products. Some fungal species can produce mycotoxins in drycured meats, such as aflatoxins and ochratoxins, which, when ingested, can produce carcinogenic and mutagenic effects in humans. Contamination of these products can occur at different points of the production chain, from the field (animal contaminated with feed) to the production or storage of the final product. Although the presence of mycotoxins in drycured meats has been reported in several regions of the world, the presence of these contaminants are not legislated in most countries. Therefore, it is important to put in place methods to identify and reduce the contamination of dry-cured meats, minimizing the consumption and deleterious effects caused by mycotoxins. This review aimed to describe mycotoxin-producing fungi, mycotoxins, the relationship between human food and animal feed; legislation; incidence, identification and control methods for mycotoxins in dry-cured meats intended for human consumption.

Desenvolvendo Competências Na Aprendizagem De Estudantes De Medicina Veterinária / Developing Skills In Learning Of Veterinary Medicine Students / Desarrollo De Competencias En Aprendizaje De Los Estudiantes En Medicina Veterinaria

Atualmente para os professores universitários obterem a atenção do estudante em sala de aula, é necessário romper alguns paradigmas e ser inovador na forma de ensinar para poder manter-se motivado, porque concorrer com a facilidade de acesso as informações juntamente com o mundo tecnológico a disposição dos alunos, torna-se um desafio para toda a comunidade acadêmica. A educação universitária necessita de implementação de novos modos de se pensar e praticar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. A metodologia de ensino deve ser ativa e inovadora, levando em conta os saberes prévios dos alunos, sua realidade social, política, profissional e cultural. As metodologias de projetos que estimulem a pesquisa, resultam em descobertas significativas e aplicáveis à realidade de cada discente possibilitando ao docente ser mediador do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, criando cenários que rompam com a visão tradicional de ver e compreender as coisas por parte dos discentes. O objetivo do presente estudo é eleger as possíveis competências para serem utilizadas como metodologia de ensino e aprendizagem de estudantes de bacharelado em medicina veterinária na PUCPR. As competências desenvolvidas no Curso de Medicina Veterinária da PUCPR são pautadas em desenvolver competências basilares e específicas e são as mínimas competências esperadas que médicos veterinários recém-formados possuam, a fim de garantir serviços veterinários de alta qualidade.

Currently for academics get the student's attention in the classroom, it is necessary to break some paradigms and be innovative in the way of teaching in order to remain motivated because compete with the ease of access to information along with the technological world layout students, it becomes a challenge for the entire academic community. University education needs to implement new ways of thinking and practicing the teaching and learning process. The teaching methodology should be active and innovative, taking into account the previous knowledge of the students, their social, political, professional and cultural reality. The project methodologies that encourage research, result in significant and relevant findings to the reality of each student enabling the teacher to be a mediator in the process of teaching and learning, creating scenarios that break with the traditional view of seeing and understanding things by the students. The aim of this study is to elect the possible skills to be used as a teaching and learning methodology of bachelor's students in veterinary medicine in PUCPR. The skills developed in the course of Veterinary Medicine at PUCPR are guided in developing basic and specific skills and are the minimum skills expected that newly graduated veterinarians have in order to ensure high quality veterinary services.

Actualmente para que el professor académico llamen la atención del estudiante en el aula, es necesario romper algunos paradigmas y ser innovadores en la forma de enseñar con el fin de mantener la motivación porque competir con la facilidad de acceso a la información, junto con el diseño mundo tecnológico estudiantes, se convierte en un desafío para toda la comunidad académica. Una educación universitaria requiere la implementación de nuevas formas de pensar y practicar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. La metodología de enseñanza debe ser activa e innovadora, teniendo en cuenta los conocimientos previos de los estudiantes, su cultura social, política, profesional y. Las metodologías de proyectos que fomenten la investigación, dar lugar a conclusiones significativas y relevantes a la realidad de cada estudiante permitiendo a los profesores para mediar en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, la creación de escenarios que rompen con la visión tradicional de ver y entender las cosas por los estudiantes . El objetivo de este estudio es para elegir las posibles habilidades que se puedan utilizar como una metodología de enseñanza y el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de licenciatura en medicina veterinaria en la PUCPR. Las habilidades desarrolladas en el curso de Medicina Veterinaria PUCPR se guían en el desarrollo de habilidades básicas y específicas y son las competencias mínimas que se espera que los veterinarios recién graduados tienen el fin de garantizar los servicios veterinarios de alta calidad.

Ex vivo biomechanical analysis of two methods of osteosynthesis in canine mandibular fractures / Análise biomecânica ex vivo de dois métodos de osteossíntese em fraturas mandibulares de cães

Mandibular fractures represent an orthopedic challenge in veterinary medicine consideringthe large number of fixation methods that could be used depending on the location and manner in which the fracture occurs. Bone plates are a method of internal fixation that allows the correction of single or bilateral fractures, simple or comminuted; which appropriate material and technical knowledge for their use. Recent studies have demonstrated the superior strength that the locked plates present in relation to the neutralization plates, especially when used in flat bones or with lower bone density. The present study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical strength of neutralization plates and locked plates in oblique mandibular fractures in dogs. Sixteen hemimandibles from mesocephalic dogs were selected, weighing between 15 and 25 kg, without mandibular pathological alterations. Unfavorable fractures were performed between the 2nd and 3rd premolar teeth. The hemimandibles were allocated to two groups and stabilized with neutralization (Group 1) and locked (Group 2) plates. Both groups were subjected to the vertical compression test using the EMIC DL500 machine, sought to note the difference of maximum resistance between the implants. The statistical analysis used was the t-test and showed no difference (P = 0.135) between the strength of the group receiving neutralization plates (21.08±9.766kgf) and the group thatreceived locked plates (25.96±7.029kgf). From the point of view of resistance to vertical compression, the neutralized and locked plates have the same biomechanical strength.(AU)

As fraturas mandibulares representam um desafio ortopédico na medicina veterinária, pois existe uma grande quantidade de métodos de fixação que podem ser utilizados dependendo do local e forma com que a fratura ocorre. As placas ósseas são um método de fixação interna que permite a correção de fraturas uni ou bilaterais, simples ou cominutivas, porém necessitam de material apropriado e conhecimento técnico para sua utilização. Estudos recentes têm demonstrado a resistência superior que as placas bloqueadas apresentam sobre as placas de neutralização, principalmente quando utilizadas em ossos chatos ou com menor densidade óssea. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência biomecânica de placas de neutralização e placas bloqueadas em fraturas mandibulares oblíquas em cães. Foram selecionadas 16 hemimandíbulas de cães mesocefálicos, com peso entre 15 e 25kg que não apresentavam alterações patológicas mandibulares. Fraturas desfavoráveis foram realizadas entre o 2º e o 3º dentes pré-molar. As hemimandibulas foram alocadas em dois grupos e estabilizadas com placas de neutralização (Grupo 1) e placas bloqueadas (Grupo 2). Ambos os grupos foram submetidos ao teste de compressão vertical realizado pela máquina EMIC DL500 no qual se buscou notar a diferença de resistência máxima entre os implantes. A análise estatística utilizada foi o teste T e demonstrou que não houve diferença (P=0,135799) entre a resistência do grupo que recebeu placas de neutralização(21,08±9,766kgf) quando comparado ao grupo que recebeu placas bloqueadas (25,96±7,029kgf). Doponto de vista de resistência à compressão vertical as placas de neutralização e bloqueadas apresentama mesma resistência biomecânica.(AU)

Ex vivo biomechanical analysis of two methods of osteosynthesis in canine mandibular fractures / Análise biomecânica ex vivo de dois métodos de osteossíntese em fraturas mandibulares de cães

Mandibular fractures represent an orthopedic challenge in veterinary medicine consideringthe large number of fixation methods that could be used depending on the location and manner in which the fracture occurs. Bone plates are a method of internal fixation that allows the correction of single or bilateral fractures, simple or comminuted; which appropriate material and technical knowledge for their use. Recent studies have demonstrated the superior strength that the locked plates present in relation to the neutralization plates, especially when used in flat bones or with lower bone density. The present study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical strength of neutralization plates and locked plates in oblique mandibular fractures in dogs. Sixteen hemimandibles from mesocephalic dogs were selected, weighing between 15 and 25 kg, without mandibular pathological alterations. Unfavorable fractures were performed between the 2nd and 3rd premolar teeth. The hemimandibles were allocated to two groups and stabilized with neutralization (Group 1) and locked (Group 2) plates. Both groups were subjected to the vertical compression test using the EMIC DL500 machine, sought to note the difference of maximum resistance between the implants. The statistical analysis used was the t-test and showed no difference (P = 0.135) between the strength of the group receiving neutralization plates (21.08±9.

As fraturas mandibulares representam um desafio ortopédico na medicina veterinária, pois existe uma grande quantidade de métodos de fixação que podem ser utilizados dependendo do local e forma com que a fratura ocorre. As placas ósseas são um método de fixação interna que permite a correção de fraturas uni ou bilaterais, simples ou cominutivas, porém necessitam de material apropriado e conhecimento técnico para sua utilização. Estudos recentes têm demonstrado a resistência superior que as placas bloqueadas apresentam sobre as placas de neutralização, principalmente quando utilizadas em ossos chatos ou com menor densidade óssea. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência biomecânica de placas de neutralização e placas bloqueadas em fraturas mandibulares oblíquas em cães. Foram selecionadas 16 hemimandíbulas de cães mesocefálicos, com peso entre 15 e 25kg que não apresentavam alterações patológicas mandibulares. Fraturas desfavoráveis foram realizadas entre o 2º e o 3º dentes pré-molar. As hemimandibulas foram alocadas em dois grupos e estabilizadas com placas de neutralização (Grupo 1) e placas bloqueadas (Grupo 2). Ambos os grupos foram submetidos ao teste de compressão vertical realizado pela máquina EMIC DL500 no qual se buscou notar a diferença de resistência máxima entre os implantes. A análise estatística utilizada foi o teste T e demonstrou que não houve d

Ex vivo biomechanical analysis of two methods of osteosynthesis in canine mandibular fractures / Análise biomecânica ex vivo de dois métodos de osteossíntese em fraturas mandibulares de cães

Mandibular fractures represent an orthopedic challenge in veterinary medicine consideringthe large number of fixation methods that could be used depending on the location and manner in which the fracture occurs. Bone plates are a method of internal fixation that allows the correction of single or bilateral fractures, simple or comminuted; which appropriate material and technical knowledge for their use. Recent studies have demonstrated the superior strength that the locked plates present in relation to the neutralization plates, especially when used in flat bones or with lower bone density. The present study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical strength of neutralization plates and locked plates in oblique mandibular fractures in dogs. Sixteen hemimandibles from mesocephalic dogs were selected, weighing between 15 and 25 kg, without mandibular pathological alterations. Unfavorable fractures were performed between the 2nd and 3rd premolar teeth. The hemimandibles were allocated to two groups and stabilized with neutralization (Group 1) and locked (Group 2) plates. Both groups were subjected to the vertical compression test using the EMIC DL500 machine, sought to note the difference of maximum resistance between the implants. The statistical analysis used was the t-test and showed no difference (P = 0.135) between the strength of the group receiving neutralization plates (21.08±9.766kgf) and the group thatreceived locked plates (25.96±7.029kgf). From the point of view of resistance to vertical compression, the neutralized and locked plates have the same biomechanical strength.

As fraturas mandibulares representam um desafio ortopédico na medicina veterinária, pois existe uma grande quantidade de métodos de fixação que podem ser utilizados dependendo do local e forma com que a fratura ocorre. As placas ósseas são um método de fixação interna que permite a correção de fraturas uni ou bilaterais, simples ou cominutivas, porém necessitam de material apropriado e conhecimento técnico para sua utilização. Estudos recentes têm demonstrado a resistência superior que as placas bloqueadas apresentam sobre as placas de neutralização, principalmente quando utilizadas em ossos chatos ou com menor densidade óssea. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência biomecânica de placas de neutralização e placas bloqueadas em fraturas mandibulares oblíquas em cães. Foram selecionadas 16 hemimandíbulas de cães mesocefálicos, com peso entre 15 e 25kg que não apresentavam alterações patológicas mandibulares. Fraturas desfavoráveis foram realizadas entre o 2º e o 3º dentes pré-molar. As hemimandibulas foram alocadas em dois grupos e estabilizadas com placas de neutralização (Grupo 1) e placas bloqueadas (Grupo 2). Ambos os grupos foram submetidos ao teste de compressão vertical realizado pela máquina EMIC DL500 no qual se buscou notar a diferença de resistência máxima entre os implantes. A análise estatística utilizada foi o teste T e demonstrou que não houve diferença (P=0,135799) entre a resistência do grupo que recebeu placas de neutralização(21,08±9,766kgf) quando comparado ao grupo que recebeu placas bloqueadas (25,96±7,029kgf). Doponto de vista de resistência à compressão vertical as placas de neutralização e bloqueadas apresentama mesma resistência biomecânica.

Evaluation of clinical and laboratorial profiles of shelter dogs submitted to sterilizations / Perfis clínico e laboratorial de cães de abrigo submetidos a esterilização

We evaluated the clinical and laboratory profile of 90 dogs shelters undergoing ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy. Preoperative evaluation was performed by clinical examination, blood tests, coagulation tests, fecal, hemoparasites research, urinalysis and biochemical tests. Participants animals, 53.33% were female; 93.3% were mixed breed (SRD); the mean age was 3.56 ± 1.32 years and average weight of 10.87 ± 6.08 kg; 65.55% had normal body score and 42.22% were considered friendly dogs. In general clinical examination, the main changes were the rectal temperature and respiratory rate, the specific examination was observed pulicilose, itching, seborrhea and dermatitis. It was 18.60% anemia in animal and its intensity was correlated with the body condition score, but this correlation was not observed with the presence of hypoalbuminemia. The leukocyte count values Neutrophils and rods were high, but due to stress. In urinalysis, the main changes were found in the density, appearance and presence of bacteria. When fecal examination, 65.45% of the animals were diagnosed with Ancylostoma sp. and Trichuris sp. Shelter dogs showed changes in the blood tests, suggesting that have clinical and laboratory profiles themselves, because no changes were suggestive of pathology, probably a stress condition and nutritional deficiency.(AU)

Avaliou-se o perfil clínico e laboratorial de 90 cães de abrigos submetidos à ovariohisterectomia e orquiectomia. A avaliação préoperatória foi realizada por exame clínico, hemograma, coagulograma, coproparasitológico, pesquisa de hemoparasitas, urinálise e exames bioquímicos. Dos animais participantes, 53,33% eram fêmeas; 93,3% eram sem raça definida (SRD); a idade média foi de 3,56 ± 1,32 anos e peso médio de 10,87 ± 6,08 kg; 65,55% apresentaram escore corporal normal e 42,22% foram considerados cães dóceis. No exame clínico geral, as principais alterações foram da temperatura retal e frequência respiratória, no exame específico foi observado pulicilose, prurido, seborréia e dermatites. Verificou-se anemia em 18,60% dos animais e sua intensidade apresentou correlação com o escore corporal, mas esta correlação não foi observada com a presença de hipoalbuminemia. Os valores de contagem de leucócitos, neutrófilos e bastonetes estavam elevados, porém decorrentes de estresse. Na urinálise, as principais alterações encontradas foram na densidade, aspecto e presença de bactérias. Ao exame coproparasitológico, 65,45% dos animais foram diagnosticados com Ancylostoma sp. e Trichuris sp. Os cães de abrigo apresentaram alterações nos exames realizados, sugerindo que possuem perfis clínico e laboratorial próprios, pois nenhuma alteração foi sugestiva de patologia, provavelmente por uma condição de estresse e deficiência nutricional.(AU)

Perfis clínico e laboratorial de cães de abrigo submetidos a esterilização / Evaluation of clinical and laboratorial profiles of shelter dogs submitted to sterilizations

We evaluated the clinical and laboratory profile of 90 dogs shelters undergoing ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy. Preoperative evaluation was performed by clinical examination, blood tests, coagulation tests, fecal, hemoparasites research, urinalysis and biochemical tests. Participants animals, 53.33% were female; 93.3% were mixed breed (SRD); the mean age was 3.56 ± 1.32 years and average weight of 10.87 ± 6.08 kg; 65.55% had normal body score and 42.22% were considered friendly dogs. In general clinical examination, the main changes were the rectal temperature and respiratory rate, the specific examination was observed pulicilose, itching, seborrhea and dermatitis. It was 18.60% anemia in animal and its intensity was correlated with the body condition score, but this correlation was not observed with the presence of hypoalbuminemia. The leukocyte count values Neutrophils and rods were high, but due to stress. In urinalysis, the main changes were found in the density, appearance and presence of bacteria. When fecal examination, 65.45% of the animals were diagnosed with Ancylostoma sp. and Trichuris sp. Shelter dogs showed changes in the blood tests, suggesting that have clinical and laboratory profiles themselves, because no changes were suggestive of pathology, probably a stress condition and nutritional deficiency.

Avaliou-se o perfil clínico e laboratorial de 90 cães de abrigos submetidos à ovariohisterectomia e orquiectomia. A avaliação préoperatória foi realizada por exame clínico, hemograma, coagulograma, coproparasitológico, pesquisa de hemoparasitas, urinálise e exames bioquímicos. Dos animais participantes, 53,33% eram fêmeas; 93,3% eram sem raça definida (SRD); a idade média foi de 3,56 ± 1,32 anos e peso médio de 10,87 ± 6,08 kg; 65,55% apresentaram escore corporal normal e 42,22% foram considerados cães dóceis. No exame clínico geral, as principais alterações foram da temperatura retal e frequência respiratória, no exame específico foi observado pulicilose, prurido, seborréia e dermatites. Verificou-se anemia em 18,60% dos animais e sua intensidade apresentou correlação com o escore corporal, mas esta correlação não foi observada com a presença de hipoalbuminemia. Os valores de contagem de leucócitos, neutrófilos e bastonetes estavam elevados, porém decorrentes de estresse. Na urinálise, as principais alterações encontradas foram na densidade, aspecto e presença de bactérias. Ao exame coproparasitológico, 65,45% dos animais foram diagnosticados com Ancylostoma sp. e Trichuris sp. Os cães de abrigo apresentaram alterações nos exames realizados, sugerindo que possuem perfis clínico e laboratorial próprios, pois nenhuma alteração foi sugestiva de patologia, provavelmente por uma condição de estresse e deficiência nutricional.

Immediate postoperative evaluation of enteric anastomosis after the use of meloxicam in rats

PURPOSE :To compare ileal anastomoses in the immediate postoperative healing period after meloxicam use.METHODS:Forty two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups of 21, COX and control group. To COX meloxicam in combination with morphine was given in 3 days period. Control group received only morphine during the same period. Each group was divided into three sub-groups of 7, which were euthanized at 5, 10, and 21 days postoperatively. Comparison was based in histological evaluation of collagen type I and III using sirius red, immunohistochemical through vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9.RESULTS:Healing process in scheduled periods did not show significant differences (p>0.05) between the COX and control groups during any of the periods.CONCLUSION:The use of meloxicam in the postoperative period following ileal anastomosis did not affect healing.(AU)

Use of Staphylococcus aureus phage Lysate Staphage Lysate (SPL)® for the control of recurrent pyoderma eczema in dogs with atopic dermatitis

Background: Recurrent staphylococcal infections are frequent in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). Many factors seem to contribute to making bacterial pyoderma refractory to treatment. Short-term systemic antibiotic therapy is effective for the treatment of acute symptoms, and may, along with pulsatile therapy, contribute to the long-term control of the disease. However, microbial resistance has become a growing and alarming problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of Staphylococcus aureus Phage Lysate Staphage Lysate (SPL)®, can minimize the symptoms of recurrent pyoderma and increase the interval between acute atopic manifestations in dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: Thirteen dogs with a history of Canine Atopic Dematitis (CAD) and recurrent bacterial pyoderma received SPL at increasing intervals for 23 weeks. The contents of an intact pustule of each dog was collected and submitted to microbiological analysis. Systemic antibiotic therapy was established for the first 4-6 weeks of SPL protocol, based on the antibiotic sensitivity tests. The animals included in the study underwent a therapeutic protocol receiving shots of 0.5 mL of SPL subcutaneously (SC) twice a week for the first 12 weeks; 1.0 mL of SPL (SC) once a week for four weeks; 1.0 mL of SPL (SC) once every 15 days; 1.0 mL of SPL (SC) after a three-week interval from the last dose on week [...]