Photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation therapy in zoledronic acid-induced osteonecrosis in rats.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT), using methylene blue (MBO) and photobiomodulation therapy (PT), on the alveolar bone of rats submitted to bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the maxillaries (OMB) model using zoledronic acid (ZA). METHODS: Sixty rats divided into six groups were used: SALINE, PDT, ZA, ZA+PDT, ZA+PT, and ZA+MBO. Three weekly administrations (Days 0, 7, and 14) of ZA 0.20 mg/kg or saline solution were performed. After one month (Day 42), the exodontia of the left lower first molars were performed. An additional dose of ZA was administered at Day 49. PDT was performed on days 42, 45, 49, and 54. One month after exodontia (Day 70), the animals were euthanized to obtain samples for imaging and microscopic analysis. ANOVA/Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The ZA+PDT group showed a significantly lower percentage of apoptotic osteocytes than the ZA group (p < 0.001). The ZA+MBO, ZA+PT, and PDT groups significantly reduced the number of mononuclear cells compared to the ZA group (p < 0.001). The ZA+PT and ZA+PDT groups showed a significant reduction in the number of CD 68+ (p < 0.001) and CD3+ (p = 0.002) cells compared to the ZA group. The number of cells expressing INF-y had a significant reduction in the groups co-treated with PT and PDT compared to the ZA group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that PDT and PT attenuated the severity of OMB and the inflammatory process due to a reduction of macrophages, T lymphocytes, and cytokines that stimulate the activity of these cells.

Technology acceptance by professors and adherence of undergraduate dental students to virtual classes during COVID-19 pandemic / Aceitação de tecnologia por professores e adesão de alunos de graduação em Odontologia a aulas virtuais durante a pandemia COVID-19

The aim of this study wastoanalyse the acceptance of technology by professors and the adherence of dental students to virtual teachingduring the social distancing period due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This was a retrospective observational cross-sectional study that involved the anonymous opinion of dental schoolprofessors. After each virtual class, the professorsfilled out the e-questionnaire aboutthe remote activities(discipline identification, method used, number of students, satisfaction of the professor, and a technology acceptance model questionnaire) performed between 18 March and 18 May (60 days of virtualisation of theoretical classes during interruption of face-to-face classes). This study showed a good acceptability of this learning technologyby professors(TAM score 81.82 ± 11.79). During the pandemic, live video conferencing classes (n = 632, 63.6%) were the most preferred method of teachingby professors, followed by previously recorded video lessons (n = 403, 40.5%). Theacceptability of professors was strongly associated with the perception of the quality of interaction (p <0.001).Higherstudentparticipation was significantly associated with live videoconference classes (p = 0.019).Prioravailability of articles or documents for study (p = 0.028)andthe absence of technological complications during the virtual classes (p = 0.003)significantly increased acceptability.In conclusion, the virtual class technology usedduring the COVID-19pandemic period was well accepted by professors at a dental school and had good adherence by students, especially in videoconferencing classes (AU).

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a aceitação da tecnologia por professores e a adesão dos alunos de odontologia ao ensino virtual durante o período de distanciamento social devido à pandemia do coronavírus (COVID-19). Este foi um estudo transversal observacional retrospectivo que envolveu a opinião anônima de professores de escolasde odontologia. Após cada aula virtual, os professores preencheram um questionário sobre as atividades remotas (identificação da disciplina, método utilizado, número de alunos, satisfação do professor e questionário do modelo de aceitação de tecnologia) realizado entre 18 de março e 18 de maio (60 dias de virtualização das aulas teóricas durante a interrupção das aulas presenciais). Este estudo mostrou uma boa aceitabilidade desta tecnologia de aprendizagem pelos professores (pontuação TAM 81,82 ± 11,79). Durante a pandemia, aulas de videoconferência ao vivo (n = 632, 63,6%) foram o método de ensino preferido pelos professores, seguido por vídeo aulas previamente gravadas (n = 403, 40,5%). A aceitabilidade dos professores esteve fortemente associada à percepção da qualidade da interação (p <0,001). A maior participação dos alunos foi significativamente associada às aulas de videoconferência (p = 0,019). A disponibilidade prévia de artigos ou documentos para estudo (p = 0,028) e a ausência de complicações tecnológicas durante as aulas virtuais (p = 0,003) aumentaram significativamente a aceitabilidade. Concluindo, a tecnologia da aula virtual usada durante o período pandêmico do COVID-19 foi bem aceita pelos professores de uma faculdade de odontologia e teve boa aderência dos alunos, principalmente nas aulas de videoconferência (AU).

Photobiomodulation and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as adjunct in the treatment and prevention of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws: A case report.

CASE REPORT: We report on a patient with a history of radiotherapy to the head and neck region exhibiting necrotic bone exposure associated with fistula and purulent exudation in the mandible, with the diagnosis of stage 3 osteoradionecrosis, in addition to a periapical cyst in the maxillary anterior region and multiple root remnants. An antibiotic coverage protocol with amoxicillin and metronidazole was prescribed for subsequent necrotic bone removal. The surgical procedure was performed along with the aPDT using methylene blue and red light, followed by coaptation of the edges of the surgical wound and the healing protocol with LLLT. The extraction of non-rehabilitated teeth was performed two per session using antibiotic coverage, aPDT, and LLLT and mouthwash with 0.12 % chlorhexidine was prescribed until the complete closure of the surgical wound was achieved. Additionally, two aPDT sessions and four LLLT protocols were performed for complete healing of the surgical sites. Extra and intraoral examinations and panoramic and periapical radiographs were performed. No emergence or recurrence of osteonecrosis was observed after 12 months of follow-up.

Reabilitação estética e funcional de dentes decíduos anteriores com pino de fibra de vidro e matriz anatômica de celulóide: uma revisão da literatura / Aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of anterior deciduous teeth with fiberglass post and anatomic celluloid matrix: a literature review

Objetivo: expor, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, uma discussão sobre os benefícios do uso do pino de fibra de vidro e matriz de celulóide na reabilitação oral de crianças, como suas possibilidades e técnicas mais adequadas para o tratamento de pacientes com amplas destruições coronárias em dentes decíduos. A cárie dentária é uma das doenças crônicas mais comum na infância, se o diagnóstico adequado não for realizado em estágios iniciais podem gerar danos irreparáveis, levando a perda dentária. Atualmente, se reconhece a importância de se preservar os dentes decíduos até o período correto de sua esfoliação, dessa forma, dependendo da quantidade de remanescente dental, o tratamento reabilitador estético em dentes decíduos, pode necessitar de um retentor intra-canal. Considerações finais: embora exista um número considerável de alternativas reabilitadoras, a mais utilizada é o de pino de fibra de vidro com matriz anatômica de celuloide, por ser de fácil execução, baixo custo e não necessitar de etapa laboratorial. Porém, a escolha do tratamento restaurador deve ser feita de comum acordo com os pais e um grande grau de colaboração dos pacientes.(AU)

Objective: To present, through a literature review, a discussion about the benefits of using fiberglass posts and celluloid matrix in the oral rehabilitation of children and the most appropriate potentials and techniques for the treatment of patients with extensive crown destruction in deciduous teeth. Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases in children and, if not diagnosed properly in its early stages, it may cause irreparable damages that lead to tooth loss. Currently, the importance of preserving deciduous teeth up to the correct period of exfoliation is established. Therefore, depending on the amount of remaining teeth, the aesthetic rehabilitation in deciduous teeth may require an intracanal retainer. Final considerations: Although there is a considerable number of rehabilitation alternatives, the most used is the fiberglass post with anatomic celluloid matrix, because it is easy to perform, presents low cost, and does not require a laboratory step. However, the treatment should be selected in agreement with the parents and significant cooperation from the patients.(AU)

Avaliação dos extratos de anacardium occidentale linn e lippia sidoides cham no processo de cicatrização tecidual. Estudo histológico em dorso de ratos / Evaluation of extracts from Anacardium occidentale Linn. and Lippia sidoides Cham. on wound healing process. Histological study in rats

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar histologicamente o efeito dos géis contendo extratos de Anacardium occidentale Linn. (AO) e Lippia sidoides Cham.(LS) no reparo tecidual de feridas cutâneas em dorso de ratos. Dezoito ratos da raça Wistar foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos de seis animais cada, de acordo com o período experimental: Grupo 1 (n = 6), sacrificados no 1º dia; Grupo 2 (n = 6), sacrificados no 7º dia e grupo 3 (n = 6), sacrificados no 10º dia. Quatro feridas cutâneas foram realizadas por meio de escarificação utilizando bisturi com lâmina nº 10 no dorso dos animais e sobre elas foram aplicadas topicamente em dose única diária, uma das quatro substâncias. Estabeleceu-se o seguinte protocolo: grupo A (perfuração superior, lado esquerdo) – gel placebo (Carbopol); grupo B (perfuração inferior, lado esquerdo) – gel de digluconato de clorexidina a 2%; grupo C (perfuração superior, lado direito) – gel de AO a 10%; grupo D (perfuração inferior, lado direito) – gel de LS a 10%. Não houve diferença qualitativa e quantitativa no processo de cicatrização entre os grupos nos dias 1 e 10 (p>0,05), porém aos 7 dias os géis contendo os fitoterápicos mostraram resultados mais favoráveis (p<0,05), apresentando uma cicatrização mais rápida neste período

The aim of this study was to evaluate, by histological analysis, the effect of gels containing extracts of Anacardium occidentale Linn and Lippia sidoides Cham on wound healing in Wistar rats. Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups with six animals each: Group 1 (n = 6) sacrificed on 1st day, Group 2 (n = 6) sacrificed on 7th day and group 3 (n = 6) sacrificed on 10th day. Four wounds were made by scraping using a scalpel blade #10 on the dorsum of the animals, and one of the four substances applied once a day, following the protocol: group A (upper wound, left side) – placebo gel (Carbopol); group B (bottom wound, left side) – 2% chlorhexidine digluconate gel; group C (upper wound, right side) – 10% Anacardium occidentale Linn gel; group D (bottom wound, right side) – 10% Lippia sidoides Cham gel. There were no qualitative and quantitative differences in the healing process among groups on days 1 and 10 (p>0.05), but on day 7 the herbal gels showed more favorable results (p<0.05), improving the wound healing in this period