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1.
J Am Acad Dermatol ; 64(2): 328-35, 2011 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21112671

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A common challenge of nail avulsion surgery is the associated bacterial contamination and infection that can manifest. The toe has a difficult anatomy to antiseptically prepare and properly maintain throughout the surgical procedure, lending to this widespread problem. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a controlled, prospective randomized study to examine the antiseptic efficacy of 3 intraoperative irrigation methods during nail avulsion surgery. METHODS: We compared intraoperative antiseptic irrigation using 0.9% saline solution (24 patients), 0.2% nitrofurazone (22 patients), and 0.1% polihexanide (25 patients). Swab samples were taken from each patient at 5 distinct stages throughout the surgical procedure, and bacterial culture analysis was performed (positive culture rate, total inocula count, reduction of bacterial load, and identification of specific micro-organisms). RESULTS: All 3 intraoperative irrigation methods reduced the total bacterial load, but polihexanide was significantly more effective. Furthermore, no patient from the polihexanide group developed postoperative infection. The reduction in bacterial load was lost for all 3 methods after partial nail avulsion surgery, returning to similar values as the initial presurgical bacterial load. An intraoperative irrigation step after partial nail avulsion with saline, nitrofurazone, and polihexanide was effective in reducing the bacterial load by 95.2%, 96.6%, and 99.5%, respectively. LIMITATIONS: Our patients underwent phenol-based nail avulsion, resulting in no bacterial load after complete nail removal because of the intrinsic antiseptic nature of the phenol. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative irrigation with 0.1% polihexanide substantially reduced the bacterial load and subsequent infections, highlighting the importance of an irrigation step in nail avulsion surgery.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use , Biguanides/therapeutic use , Intraoperative Care/methods , Nails, Ingrown/surgery , Nitrofurazone/therapeutic use , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Therapeutic Irrigation/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Bacterial Load , Colony Count, Microbial , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nails, Ingrown/microbiology , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods
2.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 9(supl): 11-18, dic. 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-141263

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones bucodentales son comunes, por lo que el médico ha de conocer su etiología, patogenia y demás variables que determinan la evolución de este tipo de procesos con el fin de seleccionar el agente antibiótico más adecuado. Las características especiales de la cavidad bucal determinan la composición de la microflora que habita en ella. Caben destacar diversas especies anaerobias pertenecientes a los géneros Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Gemella y Porphyromonas, así como especies aerobias de Streptococcus, Staphylococcus y Corynebacterium. Cada uno de estos microorganismos ocupa un micronicho diferente de la cavidad bucal, y el equilibrio imperante se ve alterado cuando se modifican las condiciones debido a una enfermedad o a la intervención odontológica, como extracción de una pieza dental o la limpieza bucal. En estas condiciones pueden desarrollarse bacterias patogénicas u oportunistas (especies de Actinomyces, Prevotella intermedia, etc.), así como hongos (Candida sp., Histoplasma capsulatum), virus (herpes simplex, papilomavirus) y parásitos (Entamoeba gingivalis, Trichomonas tenax). Al producirse la infección, el organismo reacciona por medio de la inmunidad innata (inespecífica) y la inmunidad adquirida (específica). Se administra una terapia empírica que ha de basarse en datos etiológicos y de sensibilidad antimicrobiana del patógeno causante de esta infección. Sin embargo, en la actualidad está disminuyendo la sensibilidad de la microflora bucal a distintos antibióticos y se aprecia una notable tendencia al aumento de las resistencias. Como consecuencia de todo esto, el tratamiento de las infecciones bucales debe ir dirigido también a restaurar el equilibrio ecológico de la cavidad bucal y a minimizar la aparición de (..) (AU)


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Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Mouth Diseases/drug therapy , Mouth Diseases/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteria, Aerobic , Bacteria, Aerobic/pathogenicity , Bacteria, Anaerobic , Bacteria, Anaerobic/pathogenicity , Immunity , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
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