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1.
An. psiquiatr ; 24(4): 184-189, jul.-ago. 2008.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-66864

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Revisar el tratamiento de la depresión enancianos institucionalizados.Metodología: Búsqueda en Medline (desde 1990) yartículos y capítulos de libros obtenidos mediante referenciascruzadas.Resultados: La depresión es el trastorno psiquiátricomás prevalente en el anciano (20% en residencias paraválidos y 40% en asistidas). El tratamiento se basa en:a) un manejo adecuado: incluye la aceptación del ingresopor el paciente, visitas familiares, permisos y apoyoafectivo por parte del personal; b) tratamientos biológicos:el tratamiento de primera elección serían los ISRS,siendo de segunda elección los antidepresivos de accióndual y los tricíclicos. Otras opciones terapéuticas incluyenel litio y la terapia electroconvulsiva (TEC); y c) lasdiferentes técnicas de psicoterapia son útiles, mostrandouna eficacia superior al placebo pero sin diferenciasestadísticamente significativas entre ellas.Conclusiones: El tratamiento de la depresión en elanciano institucionalizado se basa en tres pilares: unmanejo adecuado, tratamientos biológicos y psicoterapia


Objective: To review geriatric depression treatmentin institutionalized old patients.Methodology: Medline search since 1990 and severalcrossed references (articles and book chapters) obtainedfrom psychiatry treatises.Results: Depression is the most prevalent psychiatricdisorder in old people (20% in independent livinghomes and 40% in assisted nursing homes). Its treatmentis based in: a) a correct management: It includespatient’s agreement with residential home admission,family meetings and affective support provided by staff;b) biological treatments: SSRI are the first electiontreatment. Dual or tricyclic antidepressants may be thesecond election. Other therapeutic alternatives are lithiumcarbonate and electroconvulsive therapy; and c)psychotherapy is also useful. The different techniquesshow a higher effectiveness than placebo, although nostatistical differences among them have been found.Conclusions: Depression treatment in institutionalizedold patient is based in three pillars: A correct management, biological treatments and psychotherapy


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Depression/psychology , Depression/therapy , Affect/physiology , Social Support , Lithium/therapeutic use , Electroconvulsive Therapy/methods , Electroconvulsive Therapy/psychology , Psychotherapy/methods , Liability, Legal , Aged/psychology , Health Services for the Aged/organization & administration , Health Services for the Aged , Urban Population/trends
2.
Alergol. inmunol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 20(1): 14-27, feb. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-055171

ABSTRACT

En España, 56.000 personas mueren al año por enfermedades asociadas al hábito de fumar. Pero se ha estudiado poco la influencia de este hábito en el asma extrínseca. En estudios publicados, la prueba cutánea y las concentraciones de IgE específica en el suero verificaron una sensibilización al tabaco, pero no se han realizado estudios alergológicos completos en series amplias de pacientes. Objetivos: Investigar si una respuesta específica alérgica al tabaco puede asociarse a la aparición del asma alérgica, el asma intrínseca, la EPOC y el carcinoma broncógeno. Métodos: Seleccionamos de forma aleatoria 3 grupos de pacientes: 60 con asma polínica, 60 pacientes no atópicos con obstrucción bronquial (20 con asma intrínseca, 20 con EPOC, 20 con carcinoma broncogénico) y 60 controles. Se realizó un estudio en vivo: prick con extracto de tabaco; provocación bronquial (PB) con cigarrillo encendido, apagado y extracto de hoja fresca de tabaco; prueba epicutánea con extracto de tabaco y nicotina. Y también un estudio de laboratorio: IgE específica a tabaco por CAP y EAST, immunoblotting e inhibición de EAST). Resultados: La proporción de fumadores activos fue del 42% (índice tabáquico del 28,7%). Un 17,83% de los pacientes presentaron, frente al extracto de tabaco, respuestas positivas en prick y en la PB con una IgE específica > 0,35 kU/l, sin ninguna relación con la edad pero sí con el sexo masculino (p 0,35 kU/l) y la provocación bronquial (p < 0,001). La sensibilización al tabaco fue mayor en el grupo de asmáticos polínicos (30%) que en los grupos con EPOC y carcinoma, y negativa en asma intrínseca y en los controles. La positividad del prick y del parche no dependió del número de cigarrillos ni del número de años de hábito tabáquico, pero la respuesta bronquial se asoció significativamente al número de años de hábito (p < 0,001) y al número de cigarrillos fumados en el caso de los exfumadores (p < 0,007). La respuesta dual en la PB fue más frecuente en los pacientes con EPOC (p < 0,001). La positividad (en el prick y la IgE) al tabaco se asoció a la sensibilización al látex (p < 0,002) y a los pólenes de Artemisia vulgaris (p < 0,006) y Lolium perenne (p < 0,001), pero no a otras solanáceas ni al resto de los alérgenos probados. Se demostró reactividad cruzada entre el polen de Lolium perenne y el tabaco por inhibición de EAST y del immunoblotting. Conclusiones: Demostramos que el tabaco se puede comportar como un alérgeno capaz de provocar una respuesta inflamatoria a través de un mecanismo inmunitario mediado por IgE específica. Así como en el asma ocupacional se ha observado que el hábito de fumar se asocia a una expresión temprana de la enfermedad, es posible que también aumente la expresión clínica de otros tipos de asma extrínseca y de la EPOC. El perfil de esta sensibilización corresponde a agricultores varones de mediana edad con una media de hábito de 20 años. La sensibilización es más frecuente en los polínicos por la posible reactividad cruzada entre los alérgenos vegetales. Se observó una mayor posibilidad de sensibilidad del tipo IV en los pacientes con EPOC, lo que sugiere que una respuesta inmunitaria frente al tabaco podría haber influido en el desarrollo de su inflamación crónica bronquial (AU)


Background: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two devastating clinical problems and major causes of morbidity and mortality in worldwide. Although asthma may originate soon after birth, the natural history of the disease and the influence of tobacco habits are poorly understood. Skin test and specific IgE level have verified the existence of tobacco sensitisation. However, the very few published studies report conflicting results concerning the clinical significance of tobacco IgE. Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate if a specific allergenic response against tobacco might influence the development of different obstructive bronchial diseases: allergenic and intrinsic asthma, bronchial carcinoma and COPD. Methods: We performed an observational study on the effects of tobacco exposure in 3 groups of subjects: 60 patients suffered from grass-pollen asthma, 60 patients with non-allergy bronchial obstructive disease (20 patients diagnosed as having COPD, 20 having intrinsic asthma, 20 suffered from bronchial carcinoma) and 60 healthy controls that were randomly chosen. All these patients were tested in order to try to identify tobacco as a possible allergen that might cause clinical specific response (pricktests, specific IgE to tobacco and related allergens, bronchial challenge, patch tests with tobacco and nicotin) and immunological response: immunoblotting and EAST-inhibition. Results: The proportion of current smokers was 42% (tobacco index 28.7%). Positive prick and positive BC with specific IgE > 0.35 kU/l was demonstrated in 17.8% of the patients, significantly in men and farmers; 57% of these patients were atopic. The association among positive prick, IgE and BC were good (p < 0.001). Tobacco sensitisation was negative in intrinsic asthma and controls. Positive BC was related with the number of years of habit (p < 0.0001) and tobacco index in patients who had stopped smoking (p < 0.007). Delayed bronchial response and positive patch response were more common in patients with COPD (p < 0.002) than in patients suffering from other pathologies. Tobacco IgE level was related with sensitisation to latex (p < 0.002) and pollens from mugwort p < 0.006) and Lolium perenne (p < 0.001), but not with other vegetables that belong to the Solanaceae family. EAST-inhibition showed the existence of cross-reactivity between tobacco and Lolium perenne pollen. Conclusions: Tobacco may be responsible of a specific IgE response. Smoking time, tobacco index and male sex were all related with positive specific response to tobacco. This smoking-induced allergenic response may be associated to different obstructive bronchial diseases as COPD and bronchial carcinoma. Patients with asthma due to pollen, farmers and patients also sensitised to latex were the people with more positive responses to tobacco, possibly due to a cross-reactivity between vegetal and tobacco allergens (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Nicotiana/immunology , Allergens , Asthma/immunology , Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/immunology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Cross Reactions , Bronchial Provocation Tests , Skin Tests
3.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) ; 21(2): 47-52, 1993.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8337988

ABSTRACT

A 17-year old woman suffered progressively worse asthma attacks with hypereosinophilia, patchy lung infiltrates, and acute ischemic lesions of the fingers and purpuric lesions suggesting vasculitis. She developed hypoxemic respiratory failure despite treatment with high-dose corticosteroids. Intravenous cyclophosphamide was introduced with good clinical response, but had to be discontinued because of intolerance. Intravenous immunoglobulins were given in monthly doses for 10 months while the corticosteroid dose was tapered off. This treatment was associated with rapid clinical and biochemical improvement without adverse effects. We conclude that intravenous immunoglobulins is a useful complementary treatment for patients with severe asthma associated with pulmonary vasculitis refractory to corticosteroid therapy alone.


Subject(s)
Asthma/therapy , Churg-Strauss Syndrome/therapy , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Churg-Strauss Syndrome/complications , Combined Modality Therapy , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Female , Fingers/blood supply , Humans , Ischemia/etiology , Purpura/etiology
4.
Mutat Res ; 282(4): 247-52, 1992 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1379686

ABSTRACT

Deletion of genes for adenylate cyclase (delta cya) or cAMP receptor protein (delta crp) in E. coli K-12 confers a phenotype that includes resistance to UV radiation (254 nm). Such mutations lead to UV resistance of uvr+, uvrA, lexA and recA strains which could partly be abolished by the addition of cAMP to delta cya but not to delta crp strain culture medium. This effect was not related to either inducibility of major DNA repair genes or growth rate of the bacteria. Enhanced survival was also observed for UV-irradiated lambda bacteriophage indicating that a repair mechanism of UV lesions was involved in this phenomenon.


Subject(s)
Cyclic AMP/deficiency , Escherichia coli/radiation effects , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Receptors, Cyclic AMP/genetics , Bacteriophage lambda/genetics , Bacteriophage lambda/radiation effects , Cyclic AMP/genetics , Cyclic AMP/physiology , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/growth & development , Receptors, Cyclic AMP/physiology , SOS Response, Genetics/radiation effects , Ultraviolet Rays
5.
Ann Allergy ; 65(2): 149-51, 1990 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2382875

ABSTRACT

On rare occasions, reproducible exercise-induced anaphylactic reactions (EIA) occur in some patients only after certain foods have been eaten before exercise, yet eating these foods alone or exercising alone causes no symptoms. This special response has been evident sometimes with shellfish, nuts, and wheat. We describe a patient in whom grain flour was a triggering factor for EIA. Skin tests and RAST were positive for grain flours. Normally, the patient tolerated grain flours without symptoms and IgE mechanisms had not been suspected. Testing for food hypersensitivity may be important in patients with EIA.


Subject(s)
Anaphylaxis/etiology , Exercise , Flour/adverse effects , Bronchial Provocation Tests , Food Hypersensitivity/complications , Food Hypersensitivity/etiology , Forced Expiratory Volume , Humans , Immunoglobulin E/analysis , Radioallergosorbent Test , Respiratory Function Tests
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