Perfil dos usuários e gastos com medicamentos excepcionais pelo SUS, destinados ao tratamento da osteoporose, em Minas Gerais, 2000-2004 / Users profile and expenses with the high cost medicines in the National Health System of Brazil for the treatment of osteoporosis in Minas Gerais, 2000-2004

Introdução: A osteoporose é uma doença comum, caracterizada por um comprometimento sistêmico da massa óssea e da microarquitetura que resulta em fraturas por fragilidade. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil demográfico e epidemiológico e os gastos envolvidos com o tratamento da osteoporose em indivíduos residentes em Minas Gerais, atendidos pelo Programa de Medicamentos Excepcionais do Sistema Único de Saúde, no período de 2000 a 2004. Métodos: Realizou-se pareamento probabilístico-determinístico de dados provenientes de registros de Autorizações de Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade/Alto Custo (APAC/SIA) e Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM), do DATASUS, identificando- se os indivíduos com diagnóstico com osteoporose e registro de gastos. Resultados: Foram identificados 6.596 pacientes com osteoporose, predominantemente do sexo feminino, idade igual ou superior a 50 anos. Grande parte dos pacientes atendidos iniciou tratamento medicamentoso após a ocorrência de fraturas osteoporóticas e o medicamento mais utilizado no início do tratamento foi o alendronato de sódio. A média de gastos com medicamentos no primeiro ano de tratamento foi de R$73,60±194,89, sendo maior para pacientes com idades entre 10-14, 20-39 e acima de 80 anos; que iniciaram tratamento em 2000, com fraturas osteoporóticas e utilizaram calcitonina e raloxifeno. Conclusão: Maior ênfase deve ser dada à prevenção de fraturas osteoporóticas, afim de que se inicie o tratamento o mais precocemente possível, auxiliando na redução da morbi-mortalidade e dos custos com o tratamento. Além disso, deve-se priorizar a utilização de medicamentos eficazes, seguros e que apresentem baixo custo de tratamento.(AU)

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a common disease characterised by a systemic impairment of bone mass and microarchitecture that results in fragility fractures. Objective: To describe the epidemiological and demographic profile of patients with osteoporosis enrolled at the High Cost Medicines Program and their treatment expenditures, in Minas Gerais, from 2000 to 2004. Methods: We conducted a data probabilistic-deterministic linkage from records of Ministry of Health's databases (DATASUS): Outpatient Information System (APAC/SIA) and Mortality Information System (SIM), identifying individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis and related drug expenditures. Results: We identified 6596 patients with osteoporosis, most of them were female, aged 50 years or more. Most patients started drug treatment after the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures and the drug used was alendronate sodium. The average cost of medication in the first year of treatment was R$73,60±194,89. The higher expenditures were observed for patients aged 10-14, 20-39 and 80 years or more, who started treatment in 2000, with osteoporotic fractures and were treated with calcitonin and raloxifene. Conclusion: Increased emphasis should be placed for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Treatment must begin as early as possible, helping to reduce morbidity and mortality and treatment costs. In addition, the use of effective and low cost drugs should be prioritized.(AU)

[Expenses of the Brazilian Ministry of Health for high-cost drugs: a demographic and clinical analysis]. / Gastos do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil com medicamentos de alto custo: uma análise centrada no paciente.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the expenses of the Ministry of Health of Brazil with users of High-Cost Drug Program that began treatment between 2000-2004, according to their demographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS: We made a probabilistic-deterministic linkage of national databases of drugs and mortality, resulting in a historical cohort of patients using high-cost medications in 2000-2004. The per capita spending on medicines were stratified by a follow-up period and described according to demographic, clinical and type of drug used. RESULTS: The total population atended by the program was 611,419, being 63.5% female, average age 46 years. 41.9% of patients living in the Southeast and 29.7% in the Northeast of Brazil. 24.5% of patients began treatment in 2000, 12.4% in 2001, with increasing trend until 2004. The most prevalent diagnosis referred to the genitourinary system diseases and the most common use of chemical groups were antianemic preparations. 40,941 deaths were detected (6.7% of total). The total expenditure per capita was R$4.794,34. Higher spending per capita was observed in males, aged 47, who lived in the Southeast of Brazil and began treatment in 2000, had diagnoses of infectious and parasitic diseases and used blood substitutes and perfusions solutions. CONCLUSION: The understanding of the expenses involved subsidizes restructuring actions and scheduling drug programs, also provides information for therapeutic groups which are priorities for analysis.

Gastos do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil com medicamentos de alto Custo: uma análise centrada no paciente / Expenses of the Brazilian Ministry of Health for high-cost drugs: a demographic and clinical analysis

Objective:To describe the expenses of the Ministry of Health of Brazil with users of High-Cost Drug Program that began treatment between2000 –2004, according to their demographic and clinical characteristics.Methods:We made a probabilistic-deterministic linkage of nationaldata bases of drugs and mortality, resulting in a historical cohort ofpatients using high-cost medications in 2000 –2004. The per capitas pending on medicines were stratified by a follow-up period and de-scribed according to demographic, clinical and type of drug used. Results: The total population atended by the program was 611,419, being 63.5% female, average age 46 years. 41.9% of patients living in the Southeast and 29.7% in the North east of Brazil. 24.5% of patients began treatment in 2000, 12.4% in 2001, with increasing trend until 2004. The most prevalent diagnosis referred to the genitourinary system diseases and the most common use of chemical groups were antianemic prep-arations. 40,941 deaths were detected (6.7% of total). The total expen-diture per capita was R$4.794,34. Higher spending per capita was observed in males, aged 47, who lived in the Southeast of Brazil and began treatment in 2000, had diagnoses of infectious and parasitic diseases and used blood substitutes and perfusions solutions. Conclusion: Theunder standing of the expenses involved subsidizes restructuring actions and scheduling drug programs, also provides information for therapeutic groups which are priorities for analysis.

Epidemiological profile of patients on renal replacement therapy in Brazil, 2000-2004.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients under renal replacement therapies, identifying risk factors for death. METHODS: This is a non-concurrent cohort study of data for 90,356 patients in the National Renal Replacement Therapies Database. A deterministic-probabilistic linkage was performed using the Authorization System for High Complexity/Cost Procedures and the Mortality Information System databases. All patients who started dialysis between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/2004 were included and followed until death or the end of 2004. Age, sex, region of residence, primary renal disease and causes of death were analyzed. A proportional hazards model was used to identify factors associated with risk of death. RESULTS: The prevalence of patients under renal replacement therapies increased an average of 5.5%, while incidence remained stable during the period. Hemodialysis was the predominant initial modality (89%). The patients were majority male with mean age 53 years, residents of the Southeast region and presented unknown causes as the main cause of chronic renal disease, followed by hypertension, diabetes and glomerulonephritis. Of these patients, 42% progressed to death and 7% underwent kidney transplantation. The patients on peritoneal dialysis were older and had higher prevalence of diabetes. The death rate varied from 7% among transplanted patients to 45% among non-transplanted patients. In the final Cox proportional hazards model, the risk of mortality was associated with increasing age, female sex, having diabetes, living in the North and Northeast region, peritoneal dialysis as a first modality and not having renal transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: There was an increased prevalence of patients on renal therapy in Brazil. Increased risk of death was associated with advanced age, diabetes, the female sex, residents of the North and Northeast region and lack of renal transplant.

Determinantes dos gastos com diálises no sistema único de saúde, Brasil, 2000 a 2004 / Determinants of expenditures on dialysis in the unified national health system, Brazil, 2000 to 2004

The aim of this study was to compare total outpatient expenditures on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis from 2000 to 2004 in patients that began dialysis in 2000 under the Unified National Health System (SUS). A historical cohort was developed, consisting of patients that began dialysis in 2000, identified by probabilistic matching in the database of Authorizations for High-Complexity/High-Cost Procedures (APAC). A multiple linear regression model was used, including individual and clinical attributes and health services supply variables. The cohort included 10,899 patients, 88.5 percent of whom began hemodialysis and 11.5 percent peritoneal dialysis. The dialysis modality explains 12 percent of the variance in expenditures, and patients in peritoneal dialysis showed 20 percent higher mean annual expenditure. The differences in expenditures are explained according to the State of Brazil and health services supply level. Individual risk variables did not alter the model's explanatory power, while age and diabetes mellitus were significant. The study showed the importance of the National Health System's payment mechanism for explaining differences in expenditures on dialysis treatment in Brazil.

O objetivo deste estudo é comparar os gastos ambulatoriais totais entre hemodiálise e diálise peritoneal, de 2000 a 2004, dos pacientes que iniciaram diálise, em 2000, no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foi desenvolvida coorte histórica de pacientes que iniciaram diálise em 2000, identificados por pareamento probabilístico na base de dados de Autorização de Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade/Custo (APAC). Utilizou-se modelo de regressão linear múltipla incluindo atributos individuais, clínicos e variáveis de oferta de serviços de saúde. A coorte foi constituída por 10.899 pacientes, 88,5 por cento iniciaram em hemodiálise, e 11,5 por cento, em diálise peritoneal. A modalidade explica 12 por cento da variância dos gastos, os pacientes em diálise peritoneal apresentam um gasto médio anual 20 por cento maior. Os diferenciais nos gastos são explicados pelo estado da federação e nível de oferta de serviços de saúde. As variáveis de risco individual não alteram o poder de explicação do modelo, sendo significativos a idade e a presença de diabetes mellitus. Constata-se a importância do sistema de pagamento do SUS para explicar as diferenças de gastos do tratamento dialítico no Brasil.

Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva no Brasil, 2000-2004 / Perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes en terapia renal substitutiva en Brasil, 2000-2004 / Epidemiological profile of patients on renal replacement therapy in Brazil, 2000-2004

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e clínico de pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva, identificando fatores associados ao risco de morte. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, prospectivo não concorrente, a partir de dados de 90.356 pacientes da Base Nacional em Terapias Renais Substitutivas, no Brasil. Foi realizado relacionamento determinístico-probabilístico do Sistema de Autorização de Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade/Custo e do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade. Foram incluídos todos os pacientes incidentes que iniciaram diálise entre 1/1/2000 e 31/12/2004, acompanhados até a morte ou final de 2004. Idade, sexo, região de residência, doença renal primária, causa do óbito foram analisados. Ajustou-se um modelo de riscos proporcionais para identificar fatores associados ao risco de morte...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients under renal replacement therapies, identifying risk factors for death. METHODS: This is a non-concurrent cohort study of data for 90,356 patients in the National Renal Replacement Therapies Database. A deterministic-probabilistic linkage was performed using the Authorization System for High Complexity/Cost Procedures and the Mortality Information System databases. All patients who started dialysis between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/2004 were included and followed until death or the end of 2004. Age, sex, region of residence, primary renal disease and causes of death were analyzed. A proportional hazards model was used to identify factors associated with risk of death...

OBJETIVO: Describir el perfil epidemiológico y clínico de pacientes en terapia renal substitutiva, identificando factores asociados al riesgo de muerte. MÉTODOS: Estudio de observación, prospectivo no concurrente, a partir de datos de 90.356 pacientes de la Base Nacional en Terapias Renales Substitutivas, en Brasil. Fue realizado reracionamiento determinístico-probabilístico del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad. Fueron incluidos todos los pacientes incidentes que iniciaron diálisis entre 1/1/2000 y 31/12/2004, acompañados hasta la muerte o final de 2004. Edad, sexo, región de residencia, enfermedad renal primaria, causa del óbito fueron analizados. Se ajustó un modelo de riesgos proporcionales para identificar factores asociados al riesgo de muerte...

Relacionamento de registros de grandes bases de dados: estimativa de parâmetros e validação dos resultados, aplicados ao relacionamento dos registros das autorizações de procedimentos ambulatoriais de alta complexidade com os registros de sistema de informações hospitalares. / Record linkage of large data sources: parameter estimation and results validation, applied to the linkage of high complexity procedures authorizations with the hospital information system.

O relacionamento probabilístico de registros tem sido utilizado para integrar dados dos Sistemas de Informação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Contudo, ainda são necessários mais estudos dedicados à estimativa de parâmetros para o relacionamento e a validação de seus resultados. Neste trabalho, foram relacionados os registros de dois grandes sistemas de informações do SUS: o Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH) e as Autorizações de Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade (Apac) do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais (SIA-SUS), na modalidade Terapia Renal Substitutiva (TRS). Foram relacionados 39.448.139 registros do SIH com 645.338 da Apac/SIA-SUS. No processo foram utilizadas três técnicas para estimar os parâmetros do relacionamento, dentre elas o algoritmo EM. Para validar os resultados e definir o ponto de corte, construiu-se uma curva precision-recall (PR), utilizando-se, como padrão ouro a revisão manual por dois revisores independentes. A sensibilidade, a especificidade, o valor preditivo positivo e o valor preditivo negativo para o ponto de corte selecionado foram, respectivamente, de 0,957; 0,999; 0,962; 0,999. A concordância entre os dois revisores foi excelente (Kappa=0,956). Ao final, foram identificadas 418.336 internações referentes a 104.109 indivíduos.

Record linkage has been used to integrate data from Information System of Single Health System (SUS, acronym in Portuguese). However, studies dedicated to parameter estimation and validation of the results are still necessary. The present study described the record linkage of two Brazilian health information systems, concerning patients under renal replacement therapy: the hospital information system (SHI ? Sistema de Informações Hospitalares) and the outpatient information system (SIA ? Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais) of SUS Overall, 39,448,139 records from SIH were linked to 645,338 records from Apac/SIA/SUS. In the process, three techniques were used to estimate the linkage parameters, including the EM algorithm. To validate the results and define the cut-off, a precision-recall curve was plotted, using as gold-standard the manual review by two independent examiners. Sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value where, respectively, 0.957; 0.999; 0.962; 0.999. The agreement rate between the two reviewers was considered excellent (Kappa=0.956). As a result 418,336 hospitalizations of 104,109 patients were identified.

[Cyclosporine versus tacrolimus in kidney transplants in Brazil: a cost comparison]. / Ciclosporina versus tacrolimus no transplante renal no Brasil: uma comparação de custos.

In Brazil, the Unified National Health System (SUS) is responsible for the majority of kidney transplants. To maintain these interventions, the guidelines recommend the use of cyclosporine or tacrolimus, associated with corticosteroids and azathioprine or mycophenolate. Taking the perspective of the National Health System, an economic analysis was performed on the outpatient and hospital resources and medicines used by patient and therapeutic group. A cohort was constructed from 2000 to 2004, with 5,174 kidney transplant patients in use of cyclosporine or tacrolimus, identified by probabilistic record linkage from the National Health System. The cohort included 4,015 patients in use of cyclosporine and 1,159 using tacrolimus. The majority were males, age < 38 years, with nephritis, cardiovascular diseases, and indeterminate causes as the most frequent primary diagnoses. After 48 months of follow-up, the expenditures were higher for kidney transplants in hospitals in the Northeast, cadaver donors, patients in dialysis > 24 months before the transplant, and in the tacrolimus group. Total hospital and outpatient costs and expenditure on medication were higher in patients on tacrolimus as compared to the cyclosporine group.

Allocation of initial modality for renal replacement therapy in Brazil.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of dialysis modalities for ESRD varies around the world. There is no consensus in literature regarding the most appropriate choice of dialysis method. The aim of this study was to analyze the initial modality for ESRD in Brazil and evaluate the factors determining patients' allocation to either hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: A retrospective cohort study was performed using national administrative registries of all patients financed by the public system who began renal replacement therapy in 2000 in Brazil. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with the probability of receiving HD or PD at the start of treatment. Independent variables tested were age, sex, presence of diabetes, geographic region of residence, and health care supply indicators. RESULTS: Of 11,563 patients analyzed, 88% started on HD and 12% started on PD. Patients were more likely to be assigned to HD if they were male (odds ratio: 1.44; 95% confidence interval: 1.23 to 1.68) and nondiabetic (odds ratio: 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.60 to 0.84). With regard to age, the youngest and the elderly showed lower probability of being in HD. In addition, the state of residence at the start of treatment was very important to explain initial modality allocation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that patient allocation in Brazil is not random. The probability of allocation to HD or PD is highly associated with individual attributes and supply variables.

Ciclosporina versus tacrolimus no transplante renal no Brasil: uma comparação de custos / Cyclosporine versus tacrolimus in kidney transplants in Brazil: a cost comparison

No Brasil, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é responsável maioria dos transplantes renais. Para a manutenção dessas intervenções, os protocolos recomendam uso da ciclosporina ou tacrolimus, associado com corticosteróides e azatioprina ou micofenolato. Na perspectiva do SUS, realizou-se análise econômica sobre recursos ambulatoriais, hospitalares e medicamentos utilizados por paciente e grupo terapêutico. Foi construída coorte de 2000 a 2004, com 5.174 pacientes em transplantes renais e em uso de ciclosporina ou tacrolimus, identificados por relacionamento probabilístico em registros do SUS. A coorte continha 4.015 pacientes em uso de ciclosporina e 1.159 com tacrolimus. A maioria era do sexo masculino, idade < 38 anos, cujos diagnósticos primários mais freqüentes eram nefrites, doenças cardiovasculares e causas indeterminadas. Após 48 meses, observou-se gasto superior para transplantes renais em hospitais do Nordeste, doador cadáver, naqueles em diálises > 24 meses antes do transplantes renais e no grupo do tacrolimus. Constatou-se maior gasto total com recursos hospitalares, ambulatoriais e medicamentos para os transplantes renais em pacientes com esquemas com tacrolimus, quando comparados com o grupo da ciclosporina.

In Brazil, the Unified National Health System (SUS) is responsible for the majority of kidney transplants. To maintain these interventions, the guidelines recommend the use of cyclosporine or tacrolimus, associated with corticosteroids and azathioprine or mycophenolate. Taking the perspective of the National Health System, an economic analysis was performed on the outpatient and hospital resources and medicines used by patient and therapeutic group. A cohort was constructed from 2000 to 2004, with 5,174 kidney transplant patients in use of cyclosporine or tacrolimus, identified by probabilistic record linkage from the National Health System. The cohort included 4,015 patients in use of cyclosporine and 1,159 using tacrolimus. The majority were males, age < 38 years, with nephritis, cardiovascular diseases, and indeterminate causes as the most frequent primary diagnoses. After 48 months of follow-up, the expenditures were higher for kidney transplants in hospitals in the Northeast, cadaver donors, patients in dialysis > 24 months before the transplant, and in the tacrolimus group. Total hospital and outpatient costs and expenditure on medication were higher in patients on tacrolimus as compared to the cyclosporine group.

[Determinants of expenditures on dialysis in the Unified National Health System, Brazil, 2000 to 2004]. / Determinantes dos gastos com diálises no Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil, 2000 a 2004.

The aim of this study was to compare total outpatient expenditures on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis from 2000 to 2004 in patients that began dialysis in 2000 under the Unified National Health System (SUS). A historical cohort was developed, consisting of patients that began dialysis in 2000, identified by probabilistic matching in the database of Authorizations for High-Complexity/High-Cost Procedures (APAC). A multiple linear regression model was used, including individual and clinical attributes and health services supply variables. The cohort included 10,899 patients, 88.5% of whom began hemodialysis and 11.5% peritoneal dialysis. The dialysis modality explains 12% of the variance in expenditures, and patients in peritoneal dialysis showed 20% higher mean annual expenditure. The differences in expenditures are explained according to the State of Brazil and health services supply level. Individual risk variables did not alter the model's explanatory power, while age and diabetes mellitus were significant. The study showed the importance of the National Health System's payment mechanism for explaining differences in expenditures on dialysis treatment in Brazil.

Cyclosporine versus tacrolimus in immunosuppressive maintenance regimens in renal transplants in Brazil: survival analysis from 2000 to 2004.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, the National Health System (SUS) is responsible for almost all renal transplants. SUS protocols recommend using cyclosporine, in association with azathioprine and corticosteroids, to maintain the immunosuppression that is essential for successful renal transplant. Alternatively, cyclosporine can be replaced by tacrolimus. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic schema involving cyclosporine or tacrolimus after renal transplant during a 60-month follow-up period. METHODS: A historical cohort study, from 2000 to 2004, was conducted using 5686 patients who underwent renal transplant and received cyclosporine or tacrolimus. Uni - and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox model to examine factors associated with progression to treatment failure. RESULTS: Most of the patients were male, aged 38 years or older, for whom the most frequent primary diagnosis of chronic renal failure (CRF) was glomerulonephritis/nephritis. Higher risk of treatment failure was associated with: therapeutic regimen (tacrolimus, HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.67), patient age at transplantation (additional year, HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.02), donor type (deceased, HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.89), median time of dialysis prior to transplantation (>24 mo, HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.52), and primary CRF diagnosis (diabetes, HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.17). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of treatment failure of patients receiving tacrolimus was observed to be 1.38 times that of those receiving cyclosporine, after adjusting the model for possible confounding factors such as patient sex, patient age, graft origin, prior time of dialysis, and cause of CRF. Our results were obtained from an observational study, and further studies are necessary to evaluate whether compliance with SUS clinical protocols could result in more effective care for renal transplant recipients.

Perfil demográfico e epidemiológico dos usuários de medicamentos de alto custo no Sistema Único de Saúde / Perfil demográfico y epidemiológico de los usuarios de medicamentos de costo elevado en el Sistema Único de Salud / Epidemiological profile of high cost medicines users in the Brazilian Health System

O Programa de Medicamentos Excepcionais, do Ministério da Saúde, provê, ao tratamento de doenças, medicamentos de alto valor unitário, ou que, em caso de uso crônico ou prolongado, configurem um tratamento de custo elevado. Com o objetivo de descrever o perfil demográfico e epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos pelo programa, realizou-se um relacionamento probabilístico-determinístico de dados provenientes de registros do Datasus: Autorizações de Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade/Alto Custo (Apac/SIA) e Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM). A coorte formada pelo pareamento das bases de dados identificou 611.419 indivíduos que iniciaram o tratamento no período de 2000-2004. As análises foram desagregadas por sexo, região de residência, diagnósticos e medicamentos mais utilizados. A construção desta coorte histórica propiciou a descrição das características demográficas, epidemiológicas e de utilização de medicamentos dos usuários do programa. Além disso, o banco de dados gerado viabiliza uma série de análises específicas por doenças, que podem contribuir para avaliações de efetividade e eficiência de alternativas terapêuticas constantes nos protocolos clínicos, com o objetivo de fornecer subsídios aos tomadores de decisão no que tange ao planejamento das ações e oferta de medicamentos de alto custo pelo SUS.

El Programa de Medicamentos Excepcionales del Ministerio de Salud tiene como objetivo satisfacer la demanda de medicamentos de alto valor unitario, o de aquellos empleados en enfermedades crónicas que impliquen un tratamiento de costo elevado. Con el objetivo de describir el perfil demográfico y epidemiológico de los pacientes incluidos en el programa, se realizó una vinculación probabilística-determinística de datos provenientes de registros del DATASUS (Banco de Datos del Sistema Único de Salud): Autorizaciones de Procedimientos de Alta Complejidad/Alto Costo (Apac/SIA) y Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad (SIM). La cohorte formada a partir de la vinculación de las bases de datos identificó a 611.419 individuos que comenzaron el tratamiento en el período 2000-2004. Los análisis se han separado por sexo, región de residencia, diagnóstico y medicamentos más utilizados. La construcción de esta cohorte histórica permitió la descripción de las características demográficas, epidemiológicas y de utilización de medicamentos de los usuarios del programa. Además, el banco de datos generado hace posible la realización de una serie de análisis específicos para determinación de enfermedades, que pueden contribuir a evaluaciones de eficacia y eficiencia de las alternativas terapéuticas incluidas en los protocolos clínicos, con el objetivo de proporcionar subsidios a quienes toman decisiones con respecto a la planificación de las acciones y la oferta de medicamentos de alto costo por parte del SUS.

The Program for High-Cost Medicines of the Brazilian Health Ministry was set up to respond to the demand for high unit-cost medication or for medication used for chronic diseases that imply a high overall cost for treatment. To describe the epidemiological and demographic profiles of patients enrolled in the program, a probabilistic-deterministic connection was made between data in sections of the Health Ministry's databases (DATASUS), namely, the Outpatient Information System (APAC/SIA) and the Mortality Information System (SIM). The cohort formed by linking databases identified 611,419 individuals who began treatment between 2000 and 2004. The analyses were disaggregated by sex, region of residence, diagnoses and most widely used drugs.The construction of this historical cohort made possible a description of the epidemiological characteristics and drugs used by the program's users. The database generated can also provide analyses for specific diseases, with results that can contribute to evaluations of effectiveness and efficiency of clinical protocols, in order to better inform decision-makers regarding the planning and supplying of high-cost medication by the Brazilian Health Ministry.

Potencialidades do uso de bancos de dados para informação em saúde: o caso das Terapias Renais Substitutivas (TRS) - morbidade e mortalidade dos pacientes em TRS / Capabilities of the use of database for information on health: the case of Renal Replacement Therapies (RRT)

A coleta sistematizada de informação de pacientes em terapia substitutiva (TRS)tem sido desafiadora na maioria dos países. Apesar de sua relevância, ainda não há um sistema nacional de registro que forneça anualmente dados epidemiológicos e econômicos confiáveis. No Brasil, as TRS são procedimentos faturados por meio do subsistema APAC (A utorização de Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade) que, embora elaborado parafins administrativos, pode subsidiar informações relevantes no monitoramento da linha decuidado a pacientes portadores de doença renal crônica terminal. Este estudo objetivou a descrição do tratamento das informações contidas na Base Nacional em TRS, discussão de sua potencialidade, apresentando o perfil de morbimortalidade dos pacientes e os seus gastos. Trata-se de base de dados conformada para estudo prospectivo não-concorrente, tendo com o fonte de informação a Base Nacional em TRS, desenvolvida a partir da APACe do Sistem a de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM). Compreendeu pacientes incluídos naBase de 01/01/2000 a 31/12/2004 e com pelo menos três meses consecutivos de registros. Foram acompanhados até a ocorrência de óbito ou censurados por término do estudo. O btiveram -se 141.677 pacientes, sendo 51.321 pertencentes à coorte sobrevivente e 90.356 à incidente, para os quais foram apresentados o perfil, gastos e as taxas de prevalência, incidência e letalidade. Assim , a agregação de sistemas de informação tornou possível obter informaçes de morbimortalidade, oferta de serviços e sobrevida de pacientes em TRS,conform e evolução de seu tratamento, além de análises de sua custo-efetividade.

A construção da Base Nacional de Dados em Terapia Renal Substitutiva (TRS) centrada no indivíduo: relacionamento dos registros de óbitos pelo subsistema de Autorização de Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade (Apac/SIA/SUS) e pelo Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM): Brasil, 2000-2004 / Building the National Database on Renal Replacement Therapy Focused on the Individual: Probabilistic Record Linkage of Death Registries at the High Complexity Procedures Authorization Subsystem (Apac/SIA/SUS) and at the Mortality Information System (SIM): Brazil, 2000-2004

O relacionamento de registros vem sendo utilizado para integrar sistemas de informações em saúde. Neste trabalho, foram relacionados os registros de duas bases de dados entre 2000 e 2004: a Base Nacional de Dados em Terapia Renal Substitutiva (TRS), construída a partir dos dados do subsistema de Autorização de Procedimentos Ambulatoriais de Alta Complexidade (Apac) do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIA/SUS); e o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). O objetivo do estudo foi comparar e complementar as informações de mortalidade da base TRS com informações do SIM. Os 176.773 registros da base TRS foram relacionados com 4.636.197 registros do SIM em três etapas, uma determinística e duas probabilísticas. Obteve-se uma concordância de 97,3% entre os pares julgados corretos, quando avaliados por dois revisores. O estudo demonstra as potencialidades da utilização do subsistema Apac/SIA/SUS, ainda pouco explorado, que, integrado a outros sistemas de informações em saúde, permite a organização da informação por paciente.

Record linkage has been used to integrate healthcare information systems. In this descriptive study in Brazil, records from 2000 to 2004, of a National Database on Renal Replacement Therapy (TRS) – built from the data available at the High Complexity Procedures Authorization Subsystem (Apac) of the Outpatient Information System/National Health System (SIA/SUS) – were linked to data available at the Mortality Information System (SIM) in order to compare and complement mortality information on both TRS and SIM. The records of 176,773 patients available at TRS were linked with 4,636,197 records available at SIM. The process has consisted of three stages, one deterministic and two probabilistic. The match of 97.3% of records from both systems found by two clerical reviewers (who agreed completely on their evaluation) shows the potential use of Apac – a yet little used system – when integrated to other health information systems to help organize information per patient.