ABSTRACT
En las últimas décadas, las enfermedades alérgicas han aumentado de forma exponencial y, aunque parece que la prevalencia del asma en pediatría se está estabilizando (en España se estima en torno al 10%) no ocurre lo mismo con la alergia alimentaria y la anafilaxia que están en claro incremento, constituyendo un problema de salud pública de primera magnitud. Considerando las tendencias epidemiológicas, las predicciones de la Academia Europa de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica (EAACI) estiman que, en menos de 15 años, más de la mitad de la población europea padecerá algún tipo de alergia.Los avances en los métodos diagnósticos en alergia alimentaria, sobre todo el diagnóstico molecular, nos permiten conocer el perfil de sensibilización y explicar el fenómeno de la reactividad cruzada, prever el potencial riesgo de las transgresiones alimentarias, e indicar adecuadamente la dieta de evitación en estos pacientes. Así, el desarrollo de la biología molecular y la nanotecnología han llevado a la aparición de nuevas tecnologías (microarrays) que facilitan el estudio, sobre todo de los pacientes polisensibilizados, permitiendo una inmunoterapia específica a alérgenos (ITA) más personalizada. Los últimos avances en tratamientos con biológicos implican un impacto, no solo en la evolución de la enfermedad, sino también en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. (AU)
In the last decades, allergic diseases have increased exponentially and although pediatric asthma prevalence is stabilizing, in Spain is estimated around 10%. Not the same with food allergy and anaphylaxis which are clearly increasing, becoming a public health problem of the first magnitude. Considering epidemiological trends, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) estimates that in less than 15 years more than half of European population will suffer from some type of allergy.The advances in diagnostic methods in food allergy, especially component resolved diagnosis, allow us to know the patient's sensitization profile and explain the possible cross reactivity, anticipate potential risk of food transgressions, and prescribe the correct avoidance diet in each patient. Thus, the development of molecular biology and nanotechnology have led to the appearance of new technologies (microarrays) which facilitate the study, specially of the polysensitized patients, allowing allergen immunotherapy (AIT) to be more personalized. The latest advances in the use of biologics are having an impact, not only in disease evolution, but also in patients quality of life. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Immunoglobulin E , Pediatrics , Food Hypersensitivity , SpainABSTRACT
In the last decades, allergic diseases have increased exponentially and although pediatric asthma prevalence is stabilizing, it is estimated around 10% in Spain. Not the same with food allergy and anaphylaxis which are clearly increasing, becoming a significant public health problem. Taking into account epidemiological trends, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) estimates that in less than 15 years more than half of the European population will suffer from some type of allergic disorder. The advances in diagnostic methods in food allergy, especially component resolved diagnosis, allow us to know the patient's sensitization profile and explain possible cross reactivity, anticipate potential risk of food trangressions, and prescribe correct avoidance diet in each patient. Thus, the development of molecular biology and nanotechnology have led to the appearance of new technologies (microarrays) which facilitate the study, specially of the polysensitized patients, allowing allergen immunotherapy (AIT) to be more personalized. The latest advances in the use of biologics are having an impact, not only in disease evolution, but also in quality of life.
Subject(s)
Food Hypersensitivity , Quality of Life , Allergens , Child , Desensitization, Immunologic , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Humans , Immunoglobulin EABSTRACT
Objetivo. Descripción de la cobertura de la vacunación antigripal en la embarazada. Analizar la protección que la vacunación antigripal en la gestante proporcionaría al recién nacido (RN) en sus primeros meses de vida. Material y métodos. 316 RN seguidos una temporada epidémica. Encuesta epidemiológica a las madres que incluye su estado vacunal. Llamadas quincenales con toma de muestras nasofaríngeas y análisis virológico de estas cuando se objetivan datos clínicos que sugirieran infección. Resultados. El 5,7% de las gestantes se vacunaron contra la gripe, un 17,4% de la misma muestra lo hicieron la temporada anterior. Sólo factores como vacunación en años previos (odds ratio [OR]=11,35 [7-31]) o en convivientes (OR=19,9 [6,7-59,5)) influyeron sobre la vacunación de forma significativa. No se detectó virus de la influenza en ningún caso. Conclusiones. El porcentaje de gestantes vacunadas contra la gripe es muy bajo. La información podría mejorar estos resultados. No se puede obtener conclusiones sobre la hipótesis establecida (AU)
Objective. To describe influenza vaccination coverage in pregnant women and analyze whether influenza vaccination in these women confers protection in their neonates in the first months of life. Material and methods. Three hundred sixteen neonates were followed-up during an epidemic season. An epidemiologic survey was performed in mothers, which included their influenza vaccination status. In all patients with symptoms compatible with respiratory infection, fortnightly telephone calls and nasopharyngeal aspiration were performed and virological diagnosis was obtained. Results. A total of 5.7% of the cohort had been vaccinated against influenza during pregnancy and 17.4% of the same sample had been vaccinated in the previous season. The only factors significantly influencing vaccination were vaccination in the previous season (OR: 11.35 [7-31]) or in cohabitants (OR: 19.9 [6.7-59.5]). No cases of influenza virus were detected. Conclusions. The percentage of pregnant women vaccinated against influenza is very low. Information could improve these results. No conclusions can be drawn on the study hypothesis (AU)
