Correction: Lesbon et al. Nucleocapsid (N) Gene Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Can Affect Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic and Impact False-Negative Results. Viruses 2021, 13, 2474.

The authors hereby request the inclusion of two authors (Olivia Teixeira and Maria Cristina Nonato) in the recently published article in Viruses entitled "Nucleocapsid (N) gene mutations of SARS-CoV-2 can affect real-time RT-PCR diagnostic and impact false-negative results" [...].

COVID-19 in the Perioperative Period of Cardiovascular Surgery: the Brazilian Experience.

INTRODUCTION: We investigated the clinical course and outcomes of patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery in Brazil and who had developed symptoms/signs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the perioperative period. METHODS: A retrospective multicenter study including 104 patients who were allocated in three groups according to time of positive real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2): group 1, patients who underwent cardiac surgery > 10 days after positive RT-PCR; group 2, patients with a positive RT-PCR within 10 days before or after surgery; group 3, patients who presented positive RT-PCR > 10 days after surgery. The primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and postoperative days of hospitalization. RESULTS: The three groups were similar with respect to age, the European System of Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score, and comorbidities, except hypertension. Postoperative complications and death were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1, and no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 was seen. Group 2 showed a high prevalence of surgery performed as an urgent procedure. Although no significant differences were observed in ICU length of stay, total postoperative hospitalization time was significantly higher in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 affecting the postoperative period of patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery is associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Delaying procedures in RT-PCR-positive patients may help reduce risks of perioperative complications and death.

Nucleocapsid (N) Gene Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Can Affect Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic and Impact False-Negative Results.

The current COVID-19 pandemic demands massive testing by Real-time RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction), which is considered the gold standard diagnostic test for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the virus continues to evolve with mutations that lead to phenotypic alterations as higher transmissibility, pathogenicity or vaccine evasion. Another big issue are mutations in the annealing sites of primers and probes of RT-PCR diagnostic kits leading to false-negative results. Therefore, here we identify mutations in the N (Nucleocapsid) gene that affects the use of the GeneFinder COVID-19 Plus RealAmp Kit. We sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 17 positive samples with no N gene detection but with RDRP (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) and E (Envelope) genes detection, and observed a set of three different mutations affecting the N detection: a deletion of 18 nucleotides (Del28877-28894), a substitution of GGG to AAC (28881-28883) and a frameshift mutation caused by deletion (Del28877-28878). The last one cause a deletion of six AAs (amino acids) located in the central intrinsic disorder region at protein level. We also found this mutation in 99 of the 14,346 sequenced samples by the Sao Paulo state Network for Pandemic Alert of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, demonstrating the circulation of the mutation in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Continuous monitoring and characterization of mutations affecting the annealing sites of primers and probes by genomic surveillance programs are necessary to maintain the effectiveness of the diagnosis of COVID-19.

COVID-19 in the perioperative period of cardiovascular surgery: the brazilian experience

Abstract Introduction: We investigated the clinical course and outcomes of patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery in Brazil and who had developed symptoms/signs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the perioperative period. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study including 104 patients who were allocated in three groups according to time of positive real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2): group 1, patients who underwent cardiac surgery > 10 days after positive RT-PCR; group 2, patients with a positive RT-PCR within 10 days before or after surgery; group 3, patients who presented positive RT-PCR > 10 days after surgery. The primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and postoperative days of hospitalization. Results: The three groups were similar with respect to age, the European System of Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score, and comorbidities, except hypertension. Postoperative complications and death were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1, and no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 was seen. Group 2 showed a high prevalence of surgery performed as an urgent procedure. Although no significant differences were observed in ICU length of stay, total postoperative hospitalization time was significantly higher in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: COVID-19 affecting the postoperative period of patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery is associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Delaying procedures in RT-PCR-positive patients may help reduce risks of perioperative complications and death.

Epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of lethal acanthocephalosis in captive neotropical primates.

BACKGROUND: Acanthocephalosis is an important cause of death in captive New World primates (NWP). Once established in a colony, it is extremely difficult to treat and control, quickly spreading among NWP with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to characterize the disease associated with infection with acanthocephalans according to its epidemiological, clinical, and anatomopathological aspects in a captive NWP population. METHODS: From 2010 to 2020, a Brazilian zoo had recurrent deaths of NWP associated to acanthocephalan parasitism. Clinical and pathological profiles of these animals were analyzed considering the host species, sex, age, weight, clinical signs, therapeutic protocols, and pathological findings. RESULTS: A total of 27 deaths associated with acanthocephalosis were recorded, all lethal cases affected tamarins and lion tamarins, corresponding to 67.5% of total deaths during the course of this study. Ten animals died with no previously detected clinical signs, whereas cases with noticeable clinical signs often had apathy and progressive weight loss, resulting in cachexia. Symptomatic NWP were treated with anthelmintic protocols, antibiotics, and support therapy. However, all hospitalized animals died and had grossly detectable adult acanthocephalans in the intestinal lumen that were identified as Prosthenorchis sp., which were associated with transmural and ulcerative enteritis. CONCLUSIONS: This report revealed the impact of acanthocephalosis in a naturally infected captive colony of NWP, particularly affecting tamarins (Saguinus spp.) and lion tamarins (Leontopithecus spp.), with failed treatment and control strategies.

SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of concern in Brazil - multiple introductions, communitary transmission, and early signs of local evolution

The dissemination of the Delta VOC in Brazil is still unclear, despite the frequent reports of isolated cases from different Brazilian states. In this report we characterize the dissemination of the Delta VOC in Brazil and where the introductions of this lineage fall within the global Delta phylogeny. We also examined the mutational profile of the largest clade within the Brazilian Delta VOCs, with a focus on samples which were obtained in the State of Sao Paulo, and especially in the city of Sao Paulo, the largest metropolis of South America, and a national and international transportation hub.

Diários de batalha: enfermeiros na linha de frente do enfrentamento ao covid-19 / Diarios de batalla: enfermeras a la vanguardia para hacer frente a covid-19 / Battle diaries: nurses at the forefront of coping with covid-19

Introdução: Com o aparecimento do Covid-19 como desafio para a saúde mundial, milhões de pessoas no mundo todo passaram a enfrentar mudanças no estilo de vida, na rotina diária, nos meios de conviver. Contudo, nem todos conseguem vivenciar o distanciamento social, para profissionais da saúde, em especial o enfermeiro, o novo momento pede reorganização da rotina e do modo de experimentar o cuidado. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência vivida por Enfermeiros na linha de frente do enfrentamento ao Covid-19 em um Hospital de Campanha da rede privada. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo exploratório-descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, desenvolvido a partir das vivências de enfermeiros atuantes na linha de frente do enfrentamento ao COVID-19 em um Hospital de Campanha da rede privada na Cidade de Fortaleza, CE. Resultados: Diante da experiência vivida, pode-se observar que a pandemia trouxe aos enfermeiros além dos vários desafios, muitas incertezas, riscos e medos, devido ao cenário desconhecido e cheio de dúvidas, como também gerou sofrimentos psíquicos tendo em vista lidar de forma mais constante com a morte de pacientes. Contudo, evidenciou-se que o enfermeiro tem feito toda uma diferença no fortalecimento do elo entre a equipe, bem como nas orientações e ações do cuidado clínico junto aos pacientes e familiares. Conclusões: Diante de tudo, o enfermeiro tem sido profissional de destaque no enfrentamento da pandemia do novo coronavírus, pois se têm mostrado munido de competências e habilidades, desde a promoção, prevenção, recuperação e reabilitação. Contudo, as autoridades precisam pensar em investimentos para melhoria das condições de trabalho dessa classe profissional que já foi tanto desvalorizada.

Introducción: Con el surgimiento de Covid-19 como un desafío para la salud global, millones de personas en todo el mundo comenzaron a enfrentar cambios en el estilo de vida, la rutina diaria y las formas de vida. Sin embargo, no todos pueden experimentar la distancia social, para los profesionales de la salud, especialmente las enfermeras, el nuevo momento requiere una reorganización de la rutina y la forma de experimentar la atención. Objetivo: Informar la experiencia vivida por las enfermeras en la primera línea de confrontación con Covid-19 en un hospital de campaña privado. Métodos: Este es un estudio exploratorio descriptivo, un informe de experiencia, desarrollado a partir de las experiencias de enfermeras que trabajan en la primera línea de afrontamiento con COVID-19 en un hospital privado de campaña en la ciudad de Fortaleza, CE. Resultados: en vista de la experiencia vivida, se puede observar que la pandemia trajo enfermeras, además de los diversos desafíos, muchas incertidumbres, riesgos y temores, debido al escenario desconocido y lleno de dudas, así como también generó sufrimiento psicológico para tratar más constante con la muerte de pacientes. Sin embargo, era evidente que la enfermera ha marcado la diferencia en el fortalecimiento del vínculo entre el equipo, así como en las pautas y acciones de atención clínica con pacientes y familiares. Conclusiones: En vista de todo, la enfermera ha sido un profesional destacado al enfrentar la pandemia del nuevo coronavirus, ya que ha demostrado estar equipada con habilidades y destrezas, desde promoción, prevención, recuperación y rehabilitación. Sin embargo, las autoridades deben pensar en inversiones para mejorar las condiciones de trabajo de esta clase profesional, que ya ha sido tan devaluada.

Introduction: With the emergence of Covid-19 as a challenge to global health, millions of people around the world began to face changes in lifestyle, daily routine, ways of living. However, not everyone can experience social distance, for health professionals, especially nurses, the new moment calls for a reorganization of the routine and the way of experiencing care. Objective: To report the experience lived by Nurses in the front line of confrontation with Covid-19 in a private Field Hospital. Methods: This is an exploratory-descriptive study, an experience report, developed from the experiences of nurses working on the front line of coping with COVID-19 in a private campaign hospital in the city of Fortaleza, CE. Results: In view of the lived experience, it can be observed that the pandemic brought nurses, in addition to the various challenges, many uncertainties, risks and fears, due to the unknown and full of doubts scenario, as well as it generated psychological suffering in order to deal more constant with the death of patients. However, it became evident that the nurse has made all the difference in strengthening the link between the team, as well as in the guidelines and actions of clinical care with patients and family members. Conclusions: In the face of everything, the nurse has been a prominent professional in facing the pandemic of the new coronavirus, as they have shown themselves to be equipped with skills and abilities, from promotion, prevention, recovery and rehabilitation. However, the authorities need to think about investments to improve the working conditions of this professional class, which has already been so devalued.

Conselho federal de enfermagem no transcurso da COVID-19: comunicação digital à luz da teoria habermasiana / Federal council of nursing on the COVID-19 tour: digital communication in the light of habermasian theory

Objective: To analyze the articles published by the Federal Nursing Council during the COVID-19 pandemic in the light of the Habermasian communicative action theory. Method: Qualitative documentary study, carried out from May to July 2020, using pandemic news published by the municipality as the primary source. The material was organized through thematic content analysis and discussed based on the theory and related literature. Results: The council produced technical note materials as instruments to guide professionals and approved resolutions and regulations. The performance of the system was focused on the acquisition and distribution of protective equipment through regional offices, lawsuits, the creation of an observatory and an emotional support channel for professionals. Conclusion: Communication with awareness and knowledge to nursing professionals was prioritized, empowering them in work processes in the pandemic context.(AU)

Objetivo: Analizar los artículos publicados por el Consejo Federal de Enfermería durante la pandemia de COVID-19 a la luz de la teoría de la acción comunicativa habermasiana. Método: Estudio documental cualitativo, realizado de mayo a julio de 2020, utilizando como fuente primaria las noticias sobre pandemias publicadas por el municipio. El material fue organizado a través de análisis de contenido temático y discutido con base en la teoría y literatura relacionada con el tema. Resultados: El consejo elaboró materiales de notas técnicas como instrumentos para orientar a los profesionales y aprobó resoluciones y reglamentos. La actuación del sistema se centró en la adquisición y distribución de equipos de protección a través de oficinas regionales, juicios, la creación de un observatorio y un canal de apoyo emocional a los profesionales. Conclusión: Se priorizó la comunicación con conciencia y conocimiento a los profesionales de enfermería, empoderándolos en los procesos de trabajo en el contexto pandémico.(AU)

Objetivo: Analisar as matérias publicadas pelo Conselho Federal de Enfermagem no transcurso da pandemia COVID-19 à luz da teoria da ação comunicativa habermasiana. Método: Estudo documental qualitativo, realizado durante o período de maio a julho de 2020, utilizando-se como fonte primária as notícias relacionadas à pandemia publicadas pela autarquia. O material foi organizado através da análise de conteúdo temática e discutido com base na teoria e literatura relacionada à temática. Resultados: O conselho produziu materiais notas técnicas como instrumentos norteadores aos profissionais e aprovou resoluções e normativas. A atuação do sistema esteve focada na aquisição e distribuição de equipamentos de proteção por intermédio dos regionais, ações judiciais, criação do observatório e de um canal de apoio emocional aos profissionais. Conclusão: Priorizou-se uma comunicação com sensibilização e conhecimento aos profissionais de enfermagem, empoderando-os nos processos de trabalho no contexto pandêmico.(AU)

Deep sequencing applied to the analysis of viromes in patients with beta-thalassemia.

To date, blood banks apply routine diagnosis to a specific spectrum of transfusion-transmitted viruses. Even though this measure is considered highly efficient to control their transmission, the threat imposed by emerging viruses is increasing globally, which can impact transfusion safety, especially in the light of the accelerated viral discovery by novel sequencing technologies. One of the most important groups of patients, who may indicate the presence of emerging viruses in the field of blood transfusion, is the group of individuals who receive multiple transfusions due to hereditary hemoglobinopathies. It is possible that they harbor unknown or unsuspected parenterally-transmitted viruses. In order to elucidate this, nucleic acids from 30 patients with beta-thalassemia were analyzed by Illumina next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Three major viral families: Anelloviridae, Flaviviridae and Hepadnaviridae were identified. Among them, anelloviruses were the most representative, being detected with high number of reads in all tested samples. Human Pegivirus 1 (HPgV-1, or GBV-C), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) were also identified. HBV and HCV detection was expected due to the high seroprevalence in patients with beta thalassemia. Our results do not confirm the presence of emerging or unsuspected viruses threatening the transfusion safety at present, but can be used to actively search for viruses that threaten blood transfusion safety. We believe that the application of viral metagenomics in multiple-transfused patients is highly useful to monitor possible viral transfusion threats and for the annotation of their virome composition.

Agentes Comunitários de Saúde frente à COVID-19: Vivências junto aos profissionais de enfermagem / Community health agents in front of COVID-19: experiences with nursing professionals

Objetivo: Descrever a experiência vivenciada por enfermeiras em conexão com Agentes comunitários de saúde para enfrentamento local da pandemia COVID-19. Método: Relato de experiência desenvolvido a partir de ações de enfermeiras que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Icó, Estado do Ceará, destacando o importante papel que os Agentes comunitários de saúde desenvolvem junto à população nesse cenário. Resultados: A partir da experiência vivenciada, pode-se observar o importante papel que os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde têm apresentando frente à pandemia da COVD-19, mesmo apresentando medo e insegurança. Evidenciou-se ainda durante esse período que seu papel de educador em saúde é imprescindível nas ações desenvolvidas dentro dos territórios. Além disso, esses profissionais têm sido protagonistas importantes nas atividades realizadas dentro das Estratégias de Saúde da Família, fortalecendo assim o trabalho da equipe bem como o controle e combate da infecção pelo novo Coronavírus. Conclusões: Contar com o trabalho desses profissionais nos territórios tem sido estratégico e representa um diferencial para o cuidado, por auxiliarem no controle da disseminação e no monitoramento de grupos de risco, bem como das pessoas infectadas pela doença. (AU)

Objective: To describe the experience lived by nurses in connection with community health workers to face the pandemic COVID-19 locally. Method: Experience report developed from the actions of nurses working in the Family Health Strategy in the municipality of Icó, State of Ceará, highlighting the important role that community health agents play with the population in this scenario. Results: Based on the experience, it is possible to observe the important role that Community Health Agents have playing in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, even with fear and insecurity. It was also evident during this period that his role as a health educator is essential in the actions developed within the territories. In addition, these professionals have been important protagonists in the activities carried out within the Family Health Strategies, thus strengthening the team's work as well as controlling and fighting infection by the new Coronavirus. Conclusions: Counting on the work of these professionals in the territories has been strategic and represents a differential for care, as they help in controlling the dissemination and monitoring at-risk groups, as well as people infected by the disease. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia vivida por las enfermeras en relación con los trabajadores de salud de la comunidad para enfrentar la pandemia COVID-19. Método: Informe de experiencia desarrollado a partir de las acciones de enfermeras que trabajan en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia en el municipio de Icó, Estado de Ceará, destacando el importante papel que los trabajadores de salud comunitarios juegan con la población en este escenario. Resultados: En base a la experiencia, es posible observar el importante papel que los agentes de salud comunitarios tienen ante la pandemia da COVID-19, incluso con miedo e inseguridad. También fue evidente durante este período que su papel como educador de salud es esencial en las acciones desarrolladas dentro de los territorios. Además, estos profesionales han sido protagonistas importantes en las actividades llevadas a cabo dentro de las Estrategias de salud familiar, fortaleciendo así el trabajo del equipo y controlando y luchando contra la infección por el nuevo Coronavirus. Conclusiones: contar con el trabajo de estos profesionales en los territorios ha sido estratégico y representa un diferencial para la atención, ya que ayudan a controlar la difusión y el monitoreo de los grupos en riesgo, así como a las personas infectadas por la enfermedad. (AU)

Incorporation of disinfectants for obtaining dental stone: microbiological and dimensional evaluation / Incorporação de desinfetantes para obtenção de modelos de gesso: avaliação microbiológica e dimensional

Aim: To assess dimensional change and antimicrobial activity of disinfectants substances incorporated during the dental stone manipulation. Material and Method: In vivo - microorganisms were collected in alginate molds of 30 volunteers inoculated on BHI agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. The molds were cast with type IV gypsum, manipulated with saline (G1), 1% sodium hypochlorite (G2) and 4% chlorhexidine (G3), replacing the water. After setting of plaster with 1 hour two collections on models were made. After 24 hours, the readings were performed. The Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests with confidence interval of 99% and 95% respectively were used. In vitro - Müeller Hinton agar petri dishes were inoculated with S. mutans (ATCC25175), S. sanguis (ATCC10556) and E. faecalis (ATCC29212), over which were placed steel rings filled with the same substances of the in vivo study. After deposition of gypsum and incubation, halos were measured with a digital caliper and data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test with confidence interval of 95%. Dimensional Change - With a metallic matrix and a perfectly adapted tray, the insertion axis and force used for moulding and obtain 30 specimens in type IV gypsum were standardized, following the same distribution of the study groups in vivo. The specimens were measured by Image Pro Plus software and data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test with confidence interval of 95%. Result: Data from the in vivo study demonstrated a significant difference between the mold and each model (p<0.001). In the Wilcoxon test there was no significant difference between groups of models. At the in vitro test, G2 showed greater inhibition zones in all micro-organisms tested compared to G3, but with respect to dimensional changes, there was a significant difference between solutions and metallic standard, where G3 caused less change than G2. Conclusion: Chlorhexidine 4% showed to be the most suitable disinfectant. .

Objetivo: Avaliar alteração dimensional e ação antimicrobiana de substâncias desinfetantes incorporadas durante manipulação do gesso. Material e Método: In vivo - Micro-organismos foram coletados com swabs dos moldes de 30 voluntários, inoculados em Ágar BHI e incubados a 37 °C por 24 horas. Os moldes foram vazados com gesso tipo IV, manipulados com soro fisiológico (G1), hipoclorito de sódio 1% (G2) e clorexidina 4% (G3) substituindo a água. Decorrida 1 hora de presa fez-se duas coletas com swabs nos modelos, incubação e leituras das placas após 24 horas. Empregaram-se os testes Kruskal-Wallis e Wilcoxon com níveis de confiança de 99% e 95% respectivamente. In vitro - Inocularam-se S. mutans (ATCC25175), S. sanguis (ATCC10556) e E. faecalis (ATCC29212) em Ágar Müeller Hinton, onde posicionaram-se anéis de aço preenchidos com as mesmas substâncias do estudo in vivo. Após deposição do gesso e incubação, os halos foram medidos com paquímetro digital e os dados submetidos à ANOVA e Tukey com nível de confiança de 95%. Alteração dimensional - Com matriz metálica e moldeira perfeitamente adaptada padronizou-se eixo de inserção e força empregada para moldagem e obtenção de 30 corpos de prova em gesso tipo IV, seguindo a mesma distribuição dos grupos do estudo in vivo. Os corpos de prova foram mensurados pelo software Image Pro Plus e os dados submetidos à ANOVA e Tukey com nível de confiança de 95%. Resultado: Os dados do estudo in vivo demonstraram diferença significativa entre molde e cada modelo (p<0,001). No teste Wilcoxon não houve diferença significante entre grupos de modelos. In vitro- G2 apresentou maiores halos de inibição em todos micro-organismos testados em relação ao G3, mas com relação à alteração dimensional, houve diferença significante entre soluções e padrão metálico, onde G3 provocou menor alteração do que G2. Conclusão: Clorexidina 4% apresentou-se como o desinfetante mais adequado. .

Tabebuia aurea decreases inflammatory, myotoxic and hemorrhagic activities induced by the venom of Bothrops neuwiedi.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ethnobotanical studies show that Tabebuia aurea has been used as anti-inflammatory and for snake bite. Evaluate the effect of treatment with the hydroethanolic extract of Tabebuia aurea (HETa) on inflammatory, hemorrhagic and myotoxic activities induced by Bothrops neuwiedi (BnV) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anti-inflammatory, antihemorragic and antimyotoxic properties of the HETa 100, 200 and 400mg/kg or BnV neutralized with HETa (1:50) were evaluated using the following animal models: BnV-induced paw edema, BnV-induced recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells into the peritoneal cavity, hemorrhagic activity, myotoxic activity and hydrogen peroxide production by peritoneal macrophages in vitro. RESULTS: HETa inhibited the paw edema and polymorphonuclear cell recruitment into the peritoneal cavity. BnV neutralized with HETa reduced the hemorrhagic activity and histopathological analysis of skeletal muscle tissue showed that the hemorrhagic area was smaller and multifocal. The leukocyte infiltrate was less intense and muscle necrosis discrete. BnV induced hydrogen peroxide production and BnV neutralized reduced this production. In addition, the HETa was nontoxic to macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: The activities of the HETa presented herein justify the popular use of Tabebuia aurea in inflammatory situations from snake bite.

Experimental model of myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and validate, in our laboratory, the essay of myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats by means of analysis of hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress markers and histopathological parameters. METHODS: Thirty young, male, Wistar rats (145 to 230 g) were randomly allocated in two groups: Sham group, which underwent a virtual myocardial infarction induction, and the Infarction group, which underwent a myocardial infarction induction with isoproterenol. The administrations for the infarction induction were performed during two consecutive days and a 24-hour interval between them. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, rats from both groups were anesthetized and sacrificed for blood sample collection to evaluate complete blood count (CBC) and biochemical parameters (SGOT, SGPT, troponin I, urea and creatinin), obtain myocardial fragments for oxidative stress markers analyses (catalase activity and glutathione concentrations) as well as histopathological examinations. RESULTS: There were no death cases in the Sham group, while the mortality rate in the Infarction group was 25%. Myocardial infarction induction with isoproterenol raised leukocytes and neutrophils counts, SGOT, troponin I and urea concentrations, reduced catalase enzyme activity and glutathione concentrations in the myocardium and let to histopathological concentrations as well. It did not exert alterations in terms of hemoglobin, SGPT and creatinin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction essay in rats was adequately reproduced in our laboratory, causing alterations in hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress markers and histopathological parameters.

Modelo experimental de infarto do miocárdio induzido por isoproterenol em ratos / Experimental model of myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats

OBJETIVO: Avaliar e validar, em nosso meio, o modelo de infarto do miocárdio induzido por isoproterenol em ratos por meio de análises de parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos, de marcadores do estresse oxidativo e histopatológicos. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos jovens, machos, da linhagem Wistar (145 a 230 g), foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo Simulado, submetido à falsa indução de infarto do miocárdio, e grupo Infarto, submetido à indução do infarto do miocárdio com isoproterenol. As aplicações, para indução do infarto, foram realizadas durante dois dias consecutivos, com intervalo de 24 horas entre elas. Após 24 horas da última aplicação, os ratos de ambos os grupos foram anestesiados e sacrificados para realização de coleta de sangue para hemograma e análise bioquímica (TGO, TGP, troponina I, ureia e creatinina) e coleta de fragmento do miocárdio para avaliação de marcadores do estresse oxidativo (atividade da catalase e concentração de glutationa) e exame histopatológico. RESULTADOS: Não houve mortalidade no grupo Simulado, enquanto a mortalidade no grupo Infarto foi de 25%. A indução do infarto do miocárdio com isoproterenol causou elevação das contagens de leucócitos e neutrófilos, dos níveis de TGO, troponina I e ureia, reduziu a atividade da catalase e os níveis teciduais de glutationa e causou alterações histopatológicas. Não acarretou alterações nas concentrações de hemoglobina, TGP e creatinina. CONCLUSÕES: O modelo de infarto do miocárdio induzido por isoproterenol em ratos foi adequadamente reproduzido em nosso laboratório, acarretando alterações em parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos, de marcadores de estresse oxidativo e histopatológicos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and validate, in our laboratory, the essay of myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats by means of analysis of hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress markers and histopathological parameters. METHODS: Thirty young, male, Wistar rats (145 to 230 g) were randomly allocated in two groups: Sham group, which underwent a virtual myocardial infarction induction, and the Infarction group, which underwent a myocardial infarction induction with isoproterenol. The administrations for the infarction induction were performed during two consecutive days and a 24-hour interval between them. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, rats from both groups were anesthetized and sacrificed for blood sample collection to evaluate complete blood count (CBC) and biochemical parameters (SGOT, SGPT, troponin I, urea and creatinin), obtain myocardial fragments for oxidative stress markers analyses (catalase activity and glutathione concentrations) as well as histopathological examinations. RESULTS: There were no death cases in the Sham group, while the mortality rate in the Infarction group was 25%. Myocardial infarction induction with isoproterenol raised leukocytes and neutrophils counts, SGOT, troponin I and urea concentrations, reduced catalase enzyme activity and glutathione concentrations in the myocardium and let to histopathological concentrations as well. It did not exert alterations in terms of hemoglobin, SGPT and creatinin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction essay in rats was adequately reproduced in our laboratory, causing alterations in hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress markers and histopathological parameters.

Percepção de adolescentes infratoras submetidas à ação socioeducativa sobre assistência à saúde / Perception of juvenile delinquents submitted to socio-educational action on health care

O estudo tem como objetivos conhecer a percepção de adolescentes infratoras submetidas à ação socioeducativa sobre assistência à saúde prestada; identificar a percepção das adolescentes quanto aos fatores que contribuíram para o seu processo de institucionalização; levantar a percepção delas sobre sua saúde física e emocional e conhecer as expectativas dessas adolescentes em relação ao seu futuro. Pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo, que utilizou a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) para apresentação dos resultados. As adolescentes institucionalizadas são capazes de relatar os cuidados de saúde disponibilizados, ao mesmo tempo que denunciam a necessidade de continuidade desses cuidados, com ênfase nas ações de educação em saúde. A importância da inserção do enfermeiro é evidenciada pelo planejamento de ações em saúde que atendam às reais necessidades desse grupo etário, atuando na promoção da saúde e propiciando ações de empoderamento no exercício de uma cidadania solidária.