Perioperative Outcomes of Inguinal Hernioplasty along with Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP).

PURPOSE: Inguinal hernias and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can coexist in about one fifth of patients undergoing BPH surgery. There is scarce evidence about performing laser enucleation along with open inguinal hernia repair. Our goal is to describe the perioperative outcomes of performing both surgeries in the same operating session compared to doing HoLEP alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing HoLEP and hernioplasty with mesh in the same anesthetic time (group B) at an academic center was conducted. They were compared to a randomly picked control group of patients submitted to HoLEP alone (group A). Preoperative, operative and postoperative features were compared among both groups. RESULTS: 107 patients submitted to HoLEP alone were compared to 29 combined approach patients (HoLEP + hernia repair). Patients in group A were found to be older and had larger prostates. Group B showed a significant longer operative time. Length of stay and duration of catheter was comparable among groups. In multivariate analysis, the combined approach was not associated to a higher complication rate. CONCLUSION: Performing benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery with HoLEP in conjunction with open inguinal hernioplasty is not related to a higher length of stay or a significantly increased risk of morbidity.

Smartphone-based cardiac implantable electronic device remote monitoring: improved compliance and connectivity.

Aims: Remote monitoring (RM) is the standard of care for follow up of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices. The aim of this study was to compare smartphone-based RM (SM-RM) using patient applications (myMerlinPulse™ app) with traditional bedside monitor RM (BM-RM). Methods and results: The retrospective study included de-identified US patients who received either SM-RM or BM-RM capable of implantable cardioverter defibrillators or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (Abbott, USA). Patients in SM-RM and BM-RM groups were propensity-score matched on age and gender, device type, implant year, and month. Compliance with RM was quantified as the proportion of patients enrolling in the RM system (Merlin.net™) and transmitting data at least once. Connectivity was measured by the median number of days between consecutive transmissions per patient. Of the initial 9714 patients with SM-RM and 26 679 patients with BM-RM, 9397 patients from each group were matched. Remote monitoring compliance was higher in SM-RM; significantly more patients with SM-RM were enrolled in RM compared with BM-RM (94.4 vs. 85.0%, P < 0.001), similar number of patients in the SM-RM group paired their device (95.1 vs. 95.0%, P = 0.77), but more SM-RM patients transmitted at least once (98.1 vs. 94.3%, P < 0.001). Connectivity was significantly higher in the SM-RM, with patients transmitting data every 1.2 (1.1, 1.7) vs. every 1.7 (1.5, 2.0) days with BM-RM (P < 0.001) and remained better over time. Significantly more SM-RM patients utilized patient-initiated transmissions compared with BM-RM (55.6 vs. 28.1%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In this large real-world study, patients with SM-RM demonstrated improved compliance and connectivity compared with BM-RM.

A practical access for fluoroscopically-guided percutaneous sacroplasty: Case report.

BACKGROUND: Sacral metastases represent the lowest percentage of invasion to the spine, however, as chemotherapy treatments progress, the cancer survival rate has become higher, and the percentage of sacral metastases has increased. Treatment options for sacrum metastases are surgery, radiotherapy, and minimally invasive techniques such as sacroplasty and radiofrequency ablation. Knowing the repercussions that advancing the needle anteriorly (viscera) or medially (sacral roots) can have during the sacroplasty we are describing a technique to perform c-arm sacroplasty in coaxial vision, to identify the anterior sacral cortical bone that is in the limits of the pelvic viscera as well as the sacral foraminal line. CASE PRESENTATION: In the current report, we present a 75-year-old male patient with prostate cancer metastatic to S1, S2, S3 and iliac, with severe lumbar axial pain VAS 8/10. With a caudal tilt between 35-45 degrees until aligning the sacrum in a coaxial view, a 11-gauge Jamshidi needle is advanced from s3 to s1. The trajectory of the needle during the procedure is corroborated in AP and lateral, S1 is cemented, and the needle is withdrawn to cement S2 and S3. After the sacroplasty with the coaxial access, the patient reported VAS 1-2/10. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to offer an adequate quality of life to patients with sacral fractures, whether associated with cancer or sacral insufficiency fractures (SIF). Sacroplasty, being a recently described technique, can be a very viable option for these patients, that's why it is important to have safe and reliable techniques to complement the approach of this minimally invasive technique.The coaxial access may be a safe and practical way to perform sacroplasty in these patients.

Exclusión renal por endometriosis profunda ureteral: a propósito de un caso / Renal exclusion due to deep infiltrating ureteral endometriosis: a case report

INTRODUCCIÓN: La endometriosis ureteral es una afección rara que afecta al 0.01-1,7% de las mujeres con endometriosis. Hasta un 30% cursa de forma asintomática y un 11,5-14,7% pueden evolucionar con falla renal. La falta de diagnóstico de la enfermedad puede terminar en una uropatía obstructiva y falla renal irreversible. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con afectación grave de la función renal secundaria a endometriosis profunda con compromiso ureteral. CASO CLÍNICO: Mujer de 35 años con endometriosis que consultó por exacerbación de los síntomas. En su estudio destaca, en la resonancia magnética, el hallazgo de endometriosis pélvica profunda y compromiso endometriósico intrínseco del uréter distal derecho, provocando una acentuada hidroureteronefrosis. El cintigrama renal demuestra acentuado compromiso de la función renal derecha, con una función relativa del 7%. Se realizaron nefrectomía total derecha y resección de enfermedad pélvica profunda laparoscópica, sin incidentes. CONCLUSIONES: La endometriosis ureteral representa un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico. El manejo multidisciplinario entre radiólogos, ginecólogos y urólogos, mediante el diseño de una estrategia quirúrgica individualizada, es imprescindible para definir el tratamiento óptimo de estas pacientes.

INTRODUCTION: Ureteral endometriosis is a rare entity that affects 0.01-1,7% of women with endometriosis. Up to 30% of the patients are asymptomatic and 11.5-14.7% will develop renal failure. Misdiagnosis can lead to obstructive uropathy and permanent renal failure. We present the case of a patient with severe compromise of renal function secondary to deep infiltrating endometriosis with ureteral involvement. CASE REPORT: A 35-year-old woman with endometriosis presented with exacerbation of symptoms. Magnetic resonance showed deep pelvic endometriosis and intrinsic endometriotic involvement of the right distal ureter, causing a marked hydroureteronephrosis. Renal scintigram showed a severe compromise of the right renal function, with a relative function of 7%. Through laparoscopy a total right nephrectomy and resection of deep infiltrating endometriosis was performed. The patient had a satisfactory recovery in the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Ureteral endometriosis presents a diagnostic and therapeutical challenge. Joint multidisciplinary management between radiologists, gynecologists and urologists through the design of an individualized surgical strategy is essential to define the optimal treatment for these patients.

Real-world Adoption of Smartphone-based Remote Monitoring Using the Confirm Rx™ Insertable Cardiac Monitor.

While previous generations of insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) required a bedside monitor for remote monitoring (RM), the Confirm Rx™ ICM (Abbott, Chicago, IL, USA) utilizes Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi/cellular technology, and a smart device to connect to the RM system. We aimed to characterize compliance, connectivity, and event transmission timing with the Confirm Rx™ ICM RM system. The study cohort included American patients who received the Confirm Rx™ ICM with SharpSense™ technology within three months of release (May-July 2019). Compliance with RM was quantified as the proportion of patients registering the patient app on their smart device and transmitting at least once. Connectivity was measured as the median number of days between consecutive transmissions per patient. Event transmission time was measured from episode detection to availability on the Merlin.net™ RM system (Abbott). Time from transmission until review by a clinician was examined. Values for device connectivity, episode transmission timing, and clinician view times were reported as median [first quartile, third quartile]. Of 5,666 patients who received a Confirm Rx™ ICM, 97% registered their patient app and 92% transmitted data at least once. Among those utilizing RM (aged 66 ± 15 years; 49% female), connectivity occurred every 1.5 [1.2, 2.4] days, or 4.7 times per week. Patient-reported symptoms were transmitted to Merlin.net™ within 2.9 [2.1, 3.8] minutes of event onset and viewed by the clinician within 0.9 [0.4, 3.1] days, while device-detected episodes without symptoms were transmitted within 18.5 [11.2, 36.5] hours and then viewed within 0.8 [0.3, 2.5] days. This real-world study demonstrated excellent patient compliance with the smartphone-based RM paradigm enabled by Confirm Rx™, suggesting the suitability of this technology for future cardiac implantable devices.

Moving Mirrors, Page Curves, and Bulk Entropies in AdS_{2}.

Understanding the entanglement of radiation in quantum field theory has been a long-standing challenge, with implications ranging from black hole thermodynamics to quantum information. We demonstrate how the case of the free fermion in 1+1 dimensions reveals the details of the density matrix of the radiation produced by a moving mirror. Using the resolvent method rather than standard conformal field theory techniques we derive the Rényi entropies, modular Hamiltonian, and flow of the radiation and determine when mirrors generate unitary transformations.

Use of Flash Continuous Glucose Monitoring Is Associated With A1C Reduction in People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Basal Insulin or Noninsulin Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Glycemic control is suboptimal in many individuals with type 2 diabetes. Although use of flash continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has demonstrated A1C reductions in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a multiple daily injection or insulin pump therapy regimen, the glycemic benefit of this technology in patients with type 2 diabetes using nonintensive treatment regimens has not been well studied. METHODS: This retrospective, observational study used the IBM Explorys database to assess changes in A1C after flash CGM prescription in a large population with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes treated with nonintensive therapy. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, age <65 years, treatment with basal insulin or noninsulin therapy, naive to any CGM, baseline A1C ≥8%, and a prescription for the FreeStyle Libre flash CGM system during the period between October 2017 and February 2020. Patients served as their own control subject. RESULTS: A total of 1,034 adults with type 2 diabetes (mean age 51.6 ± 9.2 years, 50.9% male, baseline A1C 10.1 ± 1.7%) were assessed. More patients received noninsulin treatments (n = 728) than basal insulin therapy (n = 306). We observed a significant reduction in A1C within the full cohort: from 10.1 ± 1.7 to 8.6 ± 1.8%; Δ -1.5 ± 2.2% (P <0.001). The largest reductions were seen in patients with a baseline A1C ≥12.0% (n = 181, A1C reduction -3.7%, P <0.001). Significant reductions were seen in both treatment groups (basal insulin -1.1%, noninsulin -1.6%, both P <0.001). CONCLUSION: Prescription of the flash CGM system was associated with significant reductions in A1C in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin or noninsulin therapy. These findings provide evidence for expanding access to flash CGM within the broader population of people with type 2 diabetes.

Exercise program and blood pressure in children: The moderating role of sedentary time.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to test a before-school physical activity intervention (Active-Start intervention) on blood pressure in children and examine whether sedentary time moderates the effect of the intervention on blood pressure. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODS: The Active-Start intervention comprising 170 children (8-10 years old) from three public schools with low socioeconomic status in Santiago (Chile). The exercise intervention was delivered daily, before starting the first school-class (8:00-8:30 a.m.), for 8 weeks. The intervention was mainly a program of cooperative physical games at moderate-vigorous intensity. Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure was determined from the average of two measurements at baseline and at the end of intervention. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time was assessed using a GENEActiv tri-axial accelerometer prior to the program intervention. RESULTS: The Active-Start intervention decreased blood pressure levels in children (p<0.01) but did not change relative to the control group. Johnson-Neyman analysis revealed a significant relationship between the effect of intervention on systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure when sedentary time was below, but not at or above, 657 and 659min per day (i.e., the effect of physical exercise disappears), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of physical activity on blood pressure could disappear in children with excessive sedentary time, which highlights the need to reduce total levels of sedentary time in the day-to-day life of young people in and out of schools.

Entanglement Spectrum of Chiral Fermions on the Torus.

We determine the modular Hamiltonian of chiral fermions on the torus, for an arbitrary set of disjoint intervals at generic temperature. We find that, in addition to a local Unruh-like term, each point is nonlocally coupled to an infinite but discrete set of other points, even for a single interval. These accumulate near the boundaries of the intervals, where the coupling becomes increasingly redshifted. Remarkably, in the presence of a zero mode, this set of points "condenses" within the interval at low temperatures, yielding continuous nonlocality.

Módulos interactivos en línea de semiología médica: Una herramienta para estandarizar el aprendizaje clínico / Interactive tools to standardize semiology teaching

Background: The learning process for medical semiology depends on multidisciplinary teaching activities, including simulation tools. These tools should achieve a standardization level aiming at a same level of basic knowledge in each student. Aim: To evaluate an interactive online semiology learning tool. Material and Methods: An interactive online learning method for medical semiology was developed. It focused mainly on physical examination and incorporated audiovisual and self-explanatory elements, to strengthen the acquisition of skills and basic knowledge for each standardized clinical learning simulation session. Subsequently, a satisfaction survey was conducted. Also the performance of students in a clinical examination was compared with that of students of the previous year. Results: Student satisfaction was outstanding, and there was a significant improvement in the performance on the final exam. Conclusions: The use of interactive self-learning online content for medical semiology provides an effective tool to improve student learning.

[Interactive tools to standardize semiology teaching]. / Módulos interactivos en línea de semiología médica: Una herramienta para estandarizar el aprendizaje clínico.

BACKGROUND: The learning process for medical semiology depends on multidisciplinary teaching activities, including simulation tools. These tools should achieve a standardization level aiming at a same level of basic knowledge in each student. AIM: To evaluate an interactive online semiology learning tool. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An interactive online learning method for medical semiology was developed. It focused mainly on physical examination and incorporated audiovisual and self-explanatory elements, to strengthen the acquisition of skills and basic knowledge for each standardized clinical learning simulation session. Subsequently, a satisfaction survey was conducted. Also the performance of students in a clinical examination was compared with that of students of the previous year. RESULTS: Student satisfaction was outstanding, and there was a significant improvement in the performance on the final exam. CONCLUSIONS: The use of interactive self-learning online content for medical semiology provides an effective tool to improve student learning.

mDurance: A Novel Mobile Health System to Support Trunk Endurance Assessment.

Low back pain is the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition. This disorder constitutes one of the most common causes of disability worldwide, and as a result, it has a severe socioeconomic impact. Endurance tests are normally considered in low back pain rehabilitation practice to assess the muscle status. However, traditional procedures to evaluate these tests suffer from practical limitations, which potentially lead to inaccurate diagnoses. The use of digital technologies is considered here to facilitate the task of the expert and to increase the reliability and interpretability of the endurance tests. This work presents mDurance, a novel mobile health system aimed at supporting specialists in the functional assessment of trunk endurance by using wearable and mobile devices. The system employs a wearable inertial sensor to track the patient trunk posture, while portable electromyography sensors are used to seamlessly measure the electrical activity produced by the trunk muscles. The information registered by the sensors is processed and managed by a mobile application that facilitates the expert's normal routine, while reducing the impact of human errors and expediting the analysis of the test results. In order to show the potential of the mDurance system, a case study has been conducted. The results of this study prove the reliability of mDurance and further demonstrate that practitioners are certainly interested in the regular use of a system of this nature.

La estimulación septal del ventrículo derecho generaría igual disincronía biventricular que la estimulación apical en pacientes con fracción de eyección conservada / Right ventricular septal stimulation would produce similar bi-ventricular dyssynchrony as does apical stimulation in patients with normal ejection fraction

Objetivo: Determinar si la estimulación medioseptal genera menor disincronía interventricular e intraventricular que la apical evaluada mediante ecocardiografía en pacientes con fracción de eyección conservada sometidos al implante de marcapasos VVI. Método: Estudio prospectivo que incluyó a 19 pacientes > 70 años, con indicación de implante de marcapasos VVI por bloqueo auriculoventricular completo degenerativo, frecuencia ventricular ≤ 50 lpm y fracción de eyección ≥ 45%. Se excluyeron portadores de fibrilación auricular, insuficiencia cardiaca, aquellos que en ritmo sinusal presentaron QRS > 120 mseg o bloqueo de rama izquierda. Se aleatorizaron 19 pacientes a 2 grupos: grupo A (47%) a implante apical y grupo B (53%) a implante septal. Resultados: La edad media fue de 75 años (± 8). Ninguno tuvo diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardiaca o cardiopatía isquémica. La disincronía intraventricular fue de A: 14.44 ± 19.76 mseg vs. B: 9 ± 36.45 mseg; A: 6.11 ± 62.11 mseg vs. B: 13 ± 38.31 mseg; A: 77 ± 53.51 mseg vs. B: 24.29 ± 80.90 mseg, p = NS. La disincronía interventricular fue de A: 46.44 ± 19.76 mseg vs. B: 42.20 ± 29.56 mseg; A: 45.33 ± 45.67 mseg vs. B: 29.80 ± 44.66 mseg; A: 46.38 ± 20 .mseg vs. B: 21 ± 27.20 mseg, p = NS) a las 48 h, 5 y 48 meses, respectivamente. Conclusión: El sitio de estimulación no generó diferencias en la disincronía biventricular. La estimulación septal presentó una tendencia no significativa a menor disincronía interventricular.

Objective: To determine in patients with normal ejection fraction, undergoing permanent VVI pacing, if medial septal stimulation has lower dyssynchrony than apical stimulation assessed by echocardiography. Method: A prospective trial, 19 patients > 70 years old, scheduled for VVI pacemaker implantation for complete degenerative atrioventricular block, ventricular frequency < 50 beat per minute and ejection fraction ≥ 45%. Patients with atrial fibrillation, heart failure, left bundle branch block and QRS durations longer than 120 milliseconds in surface electrocardiogram with sinus rhythm were excluded. Patients were randomized to apical implantation group A: 47% and septal implantation group B: 53%. Echocardiographic parameters were measured previous to the implant, 48 h, 5 and 48 months after implantation. Results: No patients had diagnosis of ischemic cardiomyopathy or heart failure. Echocardiographic parameters for interventricular dyssynchrony between groups were A: 14.44 ± 19.76 msec vs. B: 9 ± 36.45 msec; A: 6.11 ± 62.11 msec vs. B: 13 ± 38.31 msec; A: 77 ± 53.51 msec vs. B: 24.29 ± 80.90 msec, P = NS). For interventricular dyssynchrony were A: 46.44 ± 19.76 msec vs. B: 42.20 ± 29.56 msec; A: 45.33 ± 45.67 msec vs. B: 29.80 ± 44.66 msec; A: 46,38 ± 20 msec vs. B: 21 ± 27.20 msec, P = NS) at 48 h, 5 and 48 months, respectively. Conclusion: Apical site of stimulation does not increase ventricular dyssynchrony rate in patients with preserved ejection fraction. Septal stimulation showed decreased trend in interventricular dyssynchrony.

[Right ventricular septal stimulation would produce similar bi-ventricular dyssynchrony as does apical stimulation in patients with normal ejection fraction]. / La estimulación septal del ventrículo derecho generaría igual disincronía biventricular que la estimulación apical en pacientes con fracción de eyección conservada.

OBJECTIVE: To determine in patients with normal ejection fraction, undergoing permanent VVI pacing, if medial septal stimulation has lower dyssynchrony than apical stimulation assessed by echocardiography. METHOD: A prospective trial, 19 patients>70 years old, scheduled for VVI pacemaker implantation for complete degenerative atrioventricular block, ventricular frequency<50beat per minute and ejection fraction≥45%. Patients with atrial fibrillation, heart failure, left bundle branch block and QRS durations longer than 120milliseconds in surface electrocardiogram with sinus rhythm were excluded. Patients were randomized to apical implantation group A: 47% and septal implantation group B: 53%. Echocardiographic parameters were measured previous to the implant, 48h, 5 and 48 months after implantation. RESULTS: No patients had diagnosis of ischemic cardiomyopathy or heart failure. Echocardiographic parameters for interventricular dyssynchrony between groups were A: 14.44±19.76msec vs. B: 9±36.45msec; A: 6.11±62.11msec vs. B: 13±38.31msec; A: 77±53.51msec vs. B: 24.29±80.90msec, P=NS). For interventricular dyssynchrony were A: 46.44±19.76msec vs. B: 42.20±29.56msec; A: 45.33±45.67msec vs. B: 29.80±44.66msec; A: 46,38±20 msec vs. B: 21±27.20msec, P=NS) at 48h, 5 and 48 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Apical site of stimulation does not increase ventricular dyssynchrony rate in patients with preserved ejection fraction. Septal stimulation showed decreased trend in interventricular dyssynchrony.

[Clinical pathological study of craniopharyngioma. Fifteen years at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez"]. / Craneofaringioma, estudio clínico-patológico. Quince años del Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez".

BACKGROUND: Craniopharyngioma is a sellar region benign cyst It's frequency ranges from 1.2% to 4.6% of all brain tumors. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a clinical pathological correlation of craniopharyngioma among adults and describe the tumor's biological characteristics. METHODS: We included 115 craniopharyngiomas; 100 were adamantimomatous and 15 were papillary type. Patient's age range was 15-90 years (mean 52.5 yrs); 54 (47%) were males and 61 (53%) females. The most frequent location was the supraselar region in 49 (42.6%) of cases. Total exeresis was performed in 72 patients (62.6%) and partial exeresis in 43 (37.4%). RESULTS: We noted a recurrence among 50 patients (43%), of which 5/15 were papillary and 45/100 adamantinomatous. The mean patient age for recurrent tumors was 50.46+/-14.13yrs and 48.65+/-11.95 for non recurrent tumors. Thirteen patients died (11.3%). We observed a statistical correlation between recurrence, exeresis (p=0.014), and death (p=0.047). Follow-up was longer among females than males and in suprasellar tumor location, papillary type, external epithelium cysts and laxo stellate reticulum. CONCLUSIONS: However a good prognostic factor in craniopharyngiomas was observed in older female patients with complete exeresis, small tumors, external epithelium cysts, edematous stroma, inflammation, and absence of atypical cell and mitosis.

Complicaciones del uso del cateter de flotación pulmonar en cirugía cardiovascular: estudio prospectivo / Complications of use of pulmonary flotation catheter in cardiovascular surgery: prospective study

Debido a numerosos informes existentes en la literatura media relacionados con las complicaciones del catéter de Swan-Ganz, efectuamos este estudio prospectivo de 120 inserciones de este catéter en 119 pacientes que ameritaron monitorización hemodinámica trans y postoperatoria en cirugía cardiovascular. En todos los casos, la colocación del catéter se efectuó inmediatamente después de la inducción anestésica por punción percutánea de la vena yugular interna usando la técnica de Seldinger modificada, tomando como referencia las curvas de presión intracavitarias hasta llegar a la posición de cuña pulmonar. Se investigó el tiempo de coloración, tiempo de uso, complicaciones de la punción, dificultad y complicaciones en la inserción, complicaciones torácicas y pulmonares, asa y nudo del catéter, infección en el sitio de punción y septicemia por el catéter. Resultados: múltiples punciones en 15 casos (12.5%); punción de carótida en 8 (6.6%); hematoma 14 (11.6%); dificultad para canular ventrículo derecho 8 (6.6%) y arteria pulmonar 32 (26.6%); imposibilidad para obtener posición de cuña 13 (10.8%); formación de asa del catéter 3 (2.5%); extrasístoles auriculares 30 (25%); taquicardia auricular 4 (3.3%); extrasístoles ventriculares 73 (60.8%); incidencia de arritmia en general 67.5%, ninguna de gravedad. Todas estas complicaciones fueron menores, sin peligro para la vida del paciente. Sólo en 2 casos (1.6%) hubo una complicación mayor (infarto pulmonar ambos, que tampoco comprometieron la vida del paciente) hubo 20 casos (16.6%) que cursaron sin complicación alguna. No hubo mortalidad por el catéter. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que las complicaciones del uso del catéter de flotación pulmonar son mínimas en relación con los beneficios obtenidos en el manejo de estos pacientes