ABSTRACT
La infección por Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) puede ser transmitida por transfusión sanguínea, por lo cual debe ser estudiada en zonas donde existan potenciales donantes infectados. Actualmente, la transfusión sanguínea es la segunda forma de adquirir la infección después de la transmisión vectorial en diversas regiones de América. Este trabajo recopila los datos obtenidos en los reportes estadísticos mensuales de los años 2006 al 2011 de los diferentes Servicios de Sangre del Paraguay, dependientes del Programa Nacional de Sangre. En el mismo se puede apreciar que la serología reactiva a nivel país para T. cruzi en donantes de sangre varía de 2,55 a 3,29% en dicho período, y que en la actualidad, los departamentos en los que se observa una frecuencia de casos reactivos mayor a la media nacional son: Pdte. Hayes, Ñeembucú, Cordillera, San Pedro, Concepción, Central, Paraguarí, Caaguazú, Canindeyú y Misiones, con un importante número de casos de serología reactiva en Asunción, capital del país, que junto al Departamento Central constituyen los centros de mayor movimiento migratorio del país.
Subject(s)
Chagas Disease/transmission , Blood Transfusion , Trypanosoma cruziABSTRACT
Introducción. La impulsividad y agresividad son características del trastorno límite de personalidad y están asociadas a una disfunción del sistema serotoninérgico. Polimorfismos del transportador de serotonina han sido vinculados a las conductas agresivas e impulsivas. En depresión el alelo corto (S) se asocia a peor respuesta a los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS). El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar estos polimorfismos para predecir la respuesta de las conductas agresivas e impulsivas a los ISRS en el trastorno límite de personalidad. Método. Cincuenta y nueve pacientes con trastorno límite de personalidad del DSM-IV de acuerdo al International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) y sin patología del eje I fueron tratados con fluoxetina en dosis flexibles durante 12 semanas. Los pacientes fueron evaluados mediante la Overt Aggression Scale Modified (OAS-M) al inicio y a las 2, 4, 8 y 12 semanas de tratamiento. Se determinó los polimorfismos L y S de la región promotora del transportador de serotonina. Se comparó la respuesta a fluoxetina de los portadores de LL frente a los portadores de S (LS + SS). Resultados. Los portadores de LL tuvieron mejor respuesta que los portadores de S en reducir las puntuaciones del OAS-M total y en los componentes agresividad e irritabilidad del OAS-M. Conclusiones. Los portadores del alelo L responden mejor a fluoxetina que los portadores de S, de modo similar que en depresión. El alelo S puede representar un factor común de mala respuesta a los ISRS en las patologías asociadas a disfunción del sistema serotoninérgico
Introduction. Impulsiveness and aggressiveness are characteristics of borderline personality disorder and are associated to a serotoninergic system dysfunction. Serotonin transporter polymorphisms have been linked to aggressive and impulsive behaviors. The short allele (S) in depression is associated to a worse response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). This study aims to study these polymorphisms to predict the response of aggressive and impulsive behaviors to SSRIs in borderline personality disorder. Method. Fifty-nine patients with DSM-IV borderline personality disorder in accordance with the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) and without axis 1 disease were treated with flexible doses of fluoxetine for 12 weeks. The patients were evaluated with the Overt Aggression Scale Modified (OAS-M) at the beginning and at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. Polymorphisms L and S of the serotonin transporter promoter region were determined. Response to fluoxetine of the LL carriers versus the S carriers (LS+SS) was compared. Results. LL carriers had a better response than S carriers in the reduction of total OAS-M scores and on the aggressiveness and irritability components of the OAS-M. Conclusions. L-allele carriers responded better to fluoxetine than S carriers, in a similar way as in depression. The S allele may represent a common factor of bad response to SSRI in diseases associated to serotoninergic system dysfunction
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Humans , Personality Disorders/complications , Personality Disorders/diagnosis , Personality Disorders/psychology , Fluoxetine/therapeutic use , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Receptors, Serotonin , Drive , Personality Disorders/drug therapy , Pharmacogenetics/methods , Polymorphism, Genetic/physiology , Aggression , Aggression/psychology , Pharmacogenetics/trends , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Impulsiveness and aggressiveness are characteristics of borderline personality disorder and are associated to a serotoninergic system dysfunction. Serotonin transporter polymorphisms have been linked to aggressive and impulsive behaviors. The short allele (S) in depression is associated to a worse response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). This study aims to study these polymorphisms to predict the response of aggressive and impulsive behaviors to SSRIs in borderline personality disorder. METHOD: Fifty-nine patients with DSM-IV borderline personality disorder in accordance with the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) and without axis 1 disease were treated with flexible doses of fluoxetine for 12 weeks. The patients were evaluated with the Overt Aggression Scale Modified (OAS-M) at the beginning and at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. Polymorphisms L and S of the serotonin transporter promoter region were determined. Response to fluoxetine of the LL carriers versus the S carriers (LS+SS) was compared. RESULTS: LL carriers had a better response than S carriers in the reduction of total OAS-M scores and on the aggressiveness and irritability components of the OAS-M. CONCLUSIONS: L-allele carriers responded better to fluoxetine than S carriers, in a similar way as in depression. The S allele may represent a common factor of bad response to SSRI in diseases associated to serotoninergic system dysfunction.
Subject(s)
Aggression/drug effects , Borderline Personality Disorder/drug therapy , Borderline Personality Disorder/genetics , Fluoxetine/pharmacology , Fluoxetine/therapeutic use , Impulsive Behavior/drug therapy , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/pharmacology , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Acceptability trials with three types of recipes was carried out on 184 young preschoolers (6 months to 35 months) residing in four nearby villages around Hyderabad. Results of this study indicated that among the 3 types of supplementary foods (Sweet Ready Mix, Sweet Ready Mix with Amylase and Therapeutic food tested here, the Therapeutic food was more acceptable (taste, smell and bulk) to the children. The criteria for acceptability of the food was defined as the ability of 75% of the children to consume 75% or more of the food supplement at one sitting for 70% of the days of the trial. The Therapeutic food, a calorie dense supplement, met the above criteria. The acceptability was poor for the Sweet Ready Mix and Sweet Ready Mix with Amylase (< 4%) mainly due to quantity rather than taste and smell as revealed by the mothers. The mothers of the children also liked the taste and smell of the therapeutic food better. Consumption of the therapeutic food caused minimal side effects like diarrhea and vomiting when compared to side effects after eating Sweet Ready Mix and Sweet Ready Mix with Amylase in children.
Subject(s)
Food, Fortified , Nutrition Disorders/diet therapy , Child, Preschool , Energy Intake , Female , Humans , India , Infant , Patient Satisfaction , Rural PopulationABSTRACT
Many plastic surgical procedures are dependent on or aided by the use of local anesthetics. Drug toxicity, although uncommon, is the most feared complication of this technique. There are multiple factors that lead to varying drug levels. These include drug concentration, speed of injection, rate of degradation, total dosage, site of injection or application, rate of administration, and the adjunctive use of vasoconstrictors. This study evaluates the use of subcutaneously injected lidocaine in patients undergoing suction-assisted lipectomy and augmentation mammaplasty. Lidocaine in the concentration of 0.5% containing either 1:100,000 or 1:200,000 epinephrine was used in doses up to 500 mg. Serial lidocaine levels were then obtained up to 1 1/2 hours after injection utilizing two different assay techniques. Our findings demonstrate consistently nondectable serum lidocaine levels despite the use of doses in excess of recommended "safe" amounts. This suggests that under specific circumstances and with certain operative procedures, lidocaine dosing can be liberalized.
