ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on sleep and functional capacity to exercise in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS: This is a controlled, randomized, double-blind study conducted in 16 OSA patients divided into two groups: training (IMT: n = 8) and placebo-IMT (P-IMT: n = 8). IMT was conducted during 12 weeks with a moderate load (50-60% of maximal inspiratory pressure-MIP), while P-IMT used a load < 20% of MPI. Total daily IMT time for both groups was 30 min, 7 days per week, twice a day. RESULTS: There was no difference comparing IMT to P-IMT group after training for lung function (p > 0.05) and respiratory muscle strength (p > 0.05). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2Max) was not significantly different between IMT and P-IMT group (mean difference - 1.76, confidence interval (CI) - 7.93 to 4.41, p = 0.71). The same was observed for the other ventilatory and cardiometabolic variables measured (p > 0.05). A significant improvement in sleep quality was found when Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) values of IMT and P-IMT group after training were compared (mean difference: 3.7, confidence interval 95% (CI95%) 0.6 to 6.9, p = 0.02) but no significant changes were seen in daytime sleepiness between both groups after the intervention (mean difference: 3.4, CI 95%: - 3.3 to 10.0; p = 0.29). CONCLUSION: According to these results, 12 weeks of moderate load IMT resulted in improved sleep quality, but there were no significant repercussions on functional capacity to exercise or excessive daytime sleepiness.
Subject(s)
Breathing Exercises , Exercise/physiology , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy , Sleep , Adult , Aged , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Aging affects respiratory strength that could cause reduction in functional capacity and quality of life, playing a fundamental role in healthy aging and survival. To prevent these declines, the whole body vibration (WBV) has been proposed to increase strength and functional capacity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of WBV on respiratory muscle strength, thoracoabdominal ventilation, and quality of life in the elderly adults. METHODS: This study was a controlled, randomized double-blind clinical trial. The study included 28 elderly adults randomized into three groups: Resistance (n = 9), WBV (n = 9), or WBV + resistance exercises (n = 10), performing training, sham, or double training for 3 months, twice per week. The variables of the study were as follows: maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP), distribution of thoracoabdominal volumes variation in optoelectronic plethysmography (pulmonary rib cage-VRCp, abdominal rib cage-VRCa, and abdomen-VAB), and quality of life. RESULTS: After training, WBV and WBV + resistance groups increased MIP and MEP (p < .001). During inspiratory capacity maneuver, WBV groups had incremental increases in chest wall total volume (p < .001), showing a rise in pulmonary rib cage (p = .03) and abdominal rib cage (p = .04). Furthermore, WBV groups improved SF-36 scores in functional capacity, physical aspects, energy, pain, and general heath domains. CONCLUSIONS: The WBV is a training that could improve respiratory muscle strength and quality of life and promote different ventilatory strategies in chest wall and thoracoabdominal compartments in healthy elderly adults.
Subject(s)
Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Muscle Strength/physiology , Quality of Life , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Vibration/therapeutic use , Aged , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
It is important and necessary to know the morphometric characteristics of the proximal femur in order to reduce the risk of complications associated with surgical procedures performed in the area due to vascular, metabolic or trauma causes, and to achieve an alignment of prosthesis to be implanted. The morphometric analysis has proved possible to be used, and can be a valid help to obtain certain parameters that may contribute to scientific research in several areas. For this, a good understanding of evaluation techniques and principles that can be applied to obtain reliable and valid results is needed. To measure the proximal femoral epiphysis by manual morphometry, with the aid of the caliper, and digital morphometry, with the aid of software and compare them. Twenty nine femurs were used to measure the following parameters: diameter of the femoral head in the cranio caudal axis (DFHCC) and sagittal axis (DFHS), diameter of the femoral neck cranio caudal axis (DFNCC) and sagittal axis (DFNS), length of the femoral neck (LFN) and length of the intertrochanteric line (LIL). After the measurements, the mean values were compared between the two morphometric techniques. The manual morphometry obtained the following average values: DFHCC 4.42±0.44, DFHS 4.38±0.47; DFNCC 3.10±0.35; DFNS 2.50±0.37; LFN 2.55±0.42; LIL 4.79±0.62. While the values obtained by digital morphometry were: DFHCC 3.09±0.41, DFHS 3.35±0.40; DFNCC 1.79±0.26; DFNS 2.26±0.23; LFN 1.42±0.33; LIL 3.33±0.54. All parameters measured from the manual technique showed values significantly higher (p<0.05) than values obtained by digital morphometry. This study showed that there is no morphometry gold standard. Different morphometric methods can effectively reproduce, the values of morphometric anatomical structures, depending on the purpose of the study, the anatomical structures and experience of the researcher.
Es importante y necesario conocer las características morfométricas del fémur proximal con el fin de reducir el riesgo de complicaciones asociadas con los procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados en la zona debido a causas vasculares, metabólicas o traumáticas y para lograr una alineación de prótesis para ser implantada. El análisis morfométrico ha demostrado que es posible utilizar, y puede ser una ayuda válida para obtener ciertos parámetros que pueden contribuir a la investigación científica en diversas áreas. Para ello, se necesita un buen conocimiento de las técnicas de evaluación y los principios que se pueden aplicar para obtener resultos fiables y válidos. El objetivo fue medir la epífisis femoral proximal mediante morfometría manual mediante la ayuda de pinza y compararla con la morfometría digital mediante software . Veintinueve fémures fueron utilizados para medir los siguientes parámetros: diámetro de la cabeza femoral en el eje cráneo-caudal (DFHCC) y eje sagital (DFH-S), diámetro del eje cráneo-caudal del cuello femoral (DFNCC) y eje sagital (DFNS), longitud del cuello femoral (LFN) y la longitud de la línea intertrocantérica (LIL). Después de las mediciones, los valores medios se compararon entre las dos técnicas morfométricas. La morfometría manual obtuvo los siguientes valores medios: DFHCC 4,42±0,44, DFHS 4,38±0,47; DFNCC 3.10±0.35; DFNS 2,50±0,37; LFN2,55±0,42; LIL 4,79±0,62. Mientras que los valores obtenidos por la morfometría digitales fueron: DFHCC 3,09±0,41, DFHS 3,35±0,40; DFNCC 1,79±0,26; DFNS 2,26±0,23; LFN 1,42±0,33; LIL 3,33±0,54. Todos los parámetros medidos de la técnica manual mostraron valores significativamente mayores (p<0,05) que los valores obtenidos por morfometría digital. Este estudio mostró que no existe un estándar en morfometría. Diferentes métodos morfométricos pueden reproducir de manera efectiva los valores de las estructuras anatómicas morfométricas, dependiendo del propósito del estudio, de las estructuras anatómicas y la experiencia del investigador.
