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1.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 63(8): 479-482, oct. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-155953

ABSTRACT

En múltiples ocasiones nos enfrentamos a cirugías complejas y de larga duración que afectan a la región cervicofacial, comprometiendo seriamente el momento de la extubación y presentando ante nosotros un escenario de alto riesgo. Para evitarlo, planificaremos nuestra actuación teniendo presentes todas las posibles complicaciones y los distintos planes alternativos, considerando la ecografía como una herramienta más en el manejo cotidiano de la vía aérea (AU)


On many occasions we are faced with complex and long-lasting surgeries affecting the cervicofacial region, seriously compromising the time of extubation and presenting before us a high-risk position. To avoid this, we will plan our activities bearing in mind all the possible complications and the different alternative plans, considering the ultrasound as a useful diagnostic method in the daily management of the airway (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Airway Extubation/methods , Facial Paralysis/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Airway Management/methods , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome
2.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 63(8): 479-82, 2016 Oct.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26639788

ABSTRACT

On many occasions we are faced with complex and long-lasting surgeries affecting the cervicofacial region, seriously compromising the time of extubation and presenting before us a high-risk position. To avoid this, we will plan our activities bearing in mind all the possible complications and the different alternative plans, considering the ultrasound as a useful diagnostic method in the daily management of the airway.


Subject(s)
Airway Extubation , Ultrasonography , Humans , Intubation , Neck
3.
Cir. mayor ambul ; 20(1): 33-40, ene.-mar. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-154836

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años hemos asistido a un abandono de la anestesia espinal como técnica habitual en pacientes ambulatorios por el auge de la anestesia general. Esto se debe a los efectos adversos clásicamente asociados a su empleo y al retraso en el alta domiciliaria. Sin embargo, la irrupción en el mercado de los nuevos anestésicos locales de corta duración y la utilización de la anestesia subaracnoidea selectiva en procedimientos ortopédicos ha suscitado un interés creciente por esta técnica anestésica. Con este artículo pretendemos hacer una revisión de la anestesia espinal, de las indicaciones, contraindicaciones y de los efectos adversos asociados a la técnica. Finalmente, proponemos un resumen breve de los nuevos anestésicos locales de acción corta y unas recomendaciones para la cirugía proctológica y del miembro inferior (AU)


Recently, we have witnessed a drop of spinal anesthesia as a routine technique in outpatients by the rise of general anesthesia. This is due to the adverse effects typically associated with its employment and delayed discharge home. However, the introduction of new local anesthetics of short duration and the use of selective spinal anesthesia in orthopedic procedures has led to a growing interest in the anesthetic technique. We intend with this article to make a review of spinal anesthesia, including indications and contraindications and associated technical side effects. Finally, we provide a brief summary of the new short-acting local anesthetics and recommendations for the proctologic and lower limb surgery (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia, Conduction/methods , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/methods , Orthopedic Procedures/methods , Subarachnoid Space , Subarachnoid Space/anatomy & histology
4.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 60(3): 170-173, mar. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-110792

ABSTRACT

La fascitis necrotizante es una infección grave que cursa con necrosis de los tejidos y afectación sistémica, con un curso rápido y desenlace fatal. Aunque es una entidad poco frecuente debe ser sospechada y tratada con celeridad, porque de ello depende el pronóstico. El tratamiento se basa en la actuación quirúrgica inmediata, antibioterapia de amplio espectro y medidas de soporte en una unidad de cuidados críticos. Presentamos el caso de una paciente que ingresó en reanimación tras desbridamiento quirúrgico por sospecha de fascitis necrotizante y que presentaba además una inmunodeficiencia común variable o hipogammaglobulinemia caracterizada por un déficit de linfocitos B y tratamiento con metotrexato por enfermedad de Crohn. Ambas producían déficit inmunológico. Tras 11 días de tratamiento pudo ser dada de alta con mejoría clínica, analítica y hemodinámica(AU)


Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe infection that leads to necrosis of the tissues and systemic involvement, with a rapid progress and a fatal outcome. Although this condition is rare, it must be suspected and rapidly treated, as the prognosis depends on this. The treatment is based on immediate surgery, wide spectrum antibiotic treatment, and support measures in a critical care unit. We present the case of a patient who was admitted to Recovery room after surgical debridement due to suspicion of fasciitis. The patient also had a common variable immunodeficiency or hypogammaglobulinaemia, characterised by a B lymphocyte deficiency, as well as on treatment with methotrexate for Crohn's disease. Both produced an immune deficiency. After 11 days of treatment there was a clinical, analytical and haemodynamic improvement, and she was discharged(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/complications , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/diagnosis , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Immunosuppression Therapy/instrumentation , Immunosuppression Therapy/methods , Immunosuppression Therapy , Critical Care/methods , Critical Care
5.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 60(3): 170-3, 2013 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22575775

ABSTRACT

Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe infection that leads to necrosis of the tissues and systemic involvement, with a rapid progress and a fatal outcome. Although this condition is rare, it must be suspected and rapidly treated, as the prognosis depends on this. The treatment is based on immediate surgery, wide spectrum antibiotic treatment, and support measures in a critical care unit. We present the case of a patient who was admitted to Recovery room after surgical debridement due to suspicion of fasciitis. The patient also had a common variable immunodeficiency or hypogammaglobulinaemia, characterised by a B lymphocyte deficiency, as well as on treatment with methotrexate for Crohn's disease. Both produced an immune deficiency. After 11 days of treatment there was a clinical, analytical and haemodynamic improvement, and she was discharged.


Subject(s)
Common Variable Immunodeficiency/complications , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/etiology , Aged , Female , Humans
6.
Cir. mayor ambul ; 17(4): 144-149, oct.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-111960

ABSTRACT

Una vez explorada minuciosamente la vía aérea y valorada la dificultad para ventilar al paciente con mascarilla facial, el siguiente paso a considerar es la predicción de una dificultad para la intubación orotraqueal. Los test que aplicamos en nuestra práctica clínica habitual de forma aislada son relativamente sensibles, poco específicos y con bajo valor predictivo positivo. Con el objetivo de mejorar estos parámetros, se ha recurrido a modelos multivariantes de predicción de vía aérea difícil, cuya desventaja es la ausencia de valoración de la dificultad para ventilar con mascarilla facial. En base a los estudios publicados, son factores asociados a intubación difícil, la movilidad cervical limitada (extensión atlaooccipital < 23º y flexo-extensión cervical <80º), Mallampati III-IV, distancia tiromentoniana < 6 cm, distancia esternón-mentón < 12 cm, distancia interincisivos < 3,5 cm y test de la mordida III. Aunque actualmente no existe ningún test que permita predecir la dificultad para la colocación de un dispositivo supraglótico, parece que la restricción de la apertura bucal, la obstrucción y distorsión de la vía aérea y la rigidez pulmonar y de la columna cervical pueden ser criterios de dificultad para la inserción de estos dispositivos (AU)


Once thoroughly explored and assessed airway difficulty ventilating the patient with face mask, the next step to consider is the prediction of a tracheal intubation difficulty. Test that we apply in our clinical practice in isolation are relatively sensitive, non-specific and low positive predictive value. In order to improve these parameters, multivariate models have been used to predict difficult airway, but the disadvantage is the lack of appreciation of the difficulty with face mask ventilation. Based on published studies, factors associated with difficult intubation are, limited cervical mobility (extension atlaooccipital <23 ° and flexion and extension cervical <80 °), Mallampati class III-IV, thyromental distance < 6 cm, sternomental distance <12 cm, inter-incisor gap < 3,5 cm and upper lip bite test III. Although there is currently no test to predict the difficulty placing a supraglottic device, seems that the restriction of mouth opening, obstruction and distortion of the airway and lung stiffness of the cervical spine can be difficult criteria for the inclusion of these devices (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Intubation, Intratracheal , Airway Management/methods , Laryngoscopy , Risk Factors , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/methods , Airway Obstruction/prevention & control
7.
Cir. mayor ambul ; 17(3): 113-117, jul.-sept. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-106403

ABSTRACT

El manejo de la vía aérea es uno de los pilares fundamentales de nuestra práctica clínica habitual. Hoy en día, el manejo de la vía aérea es el factor demorbimortalidad más importante relacionado con la anestesia. El primer paso para su correcto manejo consiste en una exploración física minuciosa con el paciente sentado, de frente y de perfil. Todos los datos que obtengamos de esta primera evaluación deben quedar reflejados en la historia clínica del paciente. La ventilación con mascarilla facial es un elemento fundamental para el control de la vía aérea. Una ventilación adecuada con mascarilla facial permite oxigenar al paciente. Los anestesiólogos debemos evaluar de manera rutinaria la dificultad para ventilar con mascarilla facial. Son factores de riesgo identificados de una posible dificultad para ventilar con mascarilla facial un IMC >= 30 kg/m2, historia de ronquidos, edad mayor de 55 años, barba, Mallampati III-IV y limitación de la protusión mandibular. La presencia de dos o más factores de riesgo conlleva alta probabilidad de dificultad para ventilar con mascarilla facial (AU)


Management of the airway is one of the cornerstones of our routine clinical practice. Today, the management of the airway is the most important factor of morbidity and mortality associated with anesthesia. The first step in their correct treatment is a thorough physical examination with the patient seated, front and side. All the data we get from this first evaluation should be reflected in the patient’s medical history. Face mask ventilation is a key element to control the airway. Adequate ventilation by face mask can oxygenate the patient. Anesthesiologists should routinely evaluate the difficulty ventilating with facial mask. Risk factors identified in a potential difficulty with face mask to ventilate are a BMI> =30 kg/m2, history of snoring, age over 55 years, beard, Mallampati III-IV and limitation of mandibular protrusion. The presence of two or more risk factors leads to high probability of difficulty with face mask ventil (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Laryngeal Masks , Anesthesia/methods , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/methods , Airway Management/methods , Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control , Risk Factors
8.
Cir. mayor ambul ; 17(2): 35-43, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-103942

ABSTRACT

El manejo de la vía aérea, la correcta ventilación y oxigenación es un tema de constante preocupación para los anestesiólogos. Su manejo, gracias a la variedad de dispositivos disponibles en el mercado, ha cambiado mucho en los últimos años. Todas las técnicas que empleamos requieren amplios conocimientos anatómicos. Algunas, como la anestesia de la vía aérea para la intubación con el paciente despierto, precisan del reconocimiento de la vascularización e inervación de las estructuras anatómicas. Finalmente, dedicamos unas líneas a la ecografía de la vía aérea, cuya aplicación es novedosa y su eficacia real está aún por demostrar. Con este artículo iniciamos una serie de capítulos dedicados a la anatomía y exploración de la vía aérea, la realización de una valoración adecuada de la vía aérea y la prediccción de una vía aérea difícil (AU)


The difficult airway and its management have always been studied by anaesthetist with great interest but also with fear and concern. This situation has changed considerably in the last few years due to the great variety of machinery and artefacts available. Despite this, all of the techniques that are used today require the knowledge and clear understanding of the local anatomy. Some of the more recent techniques, like the nasal intubation in awake patients, need a very accurate knowledge of the vascularization and precisely, the innervation of certain structures. We will also use some of our final words discussing ultrasound assessment of the airway, as a new application to difficult intubation, but of course, its real efficiency will need to be tested in further studies. With this paper we start a series of chapters devoted to the anatomy and examination of the airway and the different methods to predict a difficult airway (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Airway Management/methods , Respiratory System/anatomy & histology , Anesthesia/methods , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Pharynx/anatomy & histology , Mouth/anatomy & histology , Larynx/anatomy & histology , Tongue/anatomy & histology , Palate, Soft/anatomy & histology , Temporomandibular Joint/anatomy & histology , Trachea/anatomy & histology
9.
Cir. mayor ambul ; 17(1): 17-24, ene.-mar. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-103935

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Determinar las condiciones de intubación orotraqueal, efectos secundarios y características hemodinámicas de la inducción anestésica inhalatoria con sevoflurano con o sin remifentanilo en pacientes sometidos a cirugía mayor ambulatoria sin relajantes neuromusculares. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, comparativo, aleatorizado y doble ciego en una muestra de 85 pacientes programados para timpanoplastia y septorinoplastia en régimen ambulatorio. La inducción anestésica se realizó por vía inhalatoria mediante dos técnicas: Grupo S (sevoflurano) y Grupo SR (sevoflurano y remifentanilo). Se evaluó el tiempo de pérdida del reflejo palpebral, el tiempo para alcanzar un valor de BIS menor o igual a 50, la aparición de eventos adversos durante la laringoscopia e intubación, las condiciones de intubación, variables hemodinámicas y respiratorias. Asimismo, se valoró el grado de satisfacción y confort de los pacientes con estas técnicas anestésicas. Resultados: De los pacientes incluidos inicialmente en el estudio se excluyó del análisis estadístico uno de cada grupo. Los tiempos de pérdida del reflejo palpebral fueron de 1,30 minutos en el grupo S vs. 1,24 minutos en el grupo SR y para alcanzar un valor de BIS menor o igual a 50 fue significativamente menor (p < 0,05) en el grupo SR (4,51 minutos) vs. grupo S (5,64 minutos). En el grupo S, las (..) (AU)


Objectives: To determine the intubation conditions, side effects and hemodynamic characteristics of inhalational anesthetic induction with sevoflurane with or without remifentanil in patients undergoing outpatient surgery without using neuromuscular relaxants. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective, comparative, randomized, double-blind in a sample of 85 patients scheduled for tympanoplasty and septorhinoplasty on an outpatient basis. Anesthetic induction was performed by inhalation using two techniques: Group S (sevoflurane) and group SR (sevoflurane and remifentanil). We evaluated the time to loss of eyelid reflex, time to reach a BIS value less than or equal to 50, the occurrence of adverse events during laryngoscopy and intubation, intubation conditions and hemodynamic and respiratory variables. Also assessed the degree of satisfaction and comfort of patients with these anesthetic techniques. Results: Of the patients initially included in the study, one from each group was excluded from statistical analysis. Time to loss of eyelid reflex was 1.30 minutes in S group vs. 1.24 minutes in the SR group. The time to achieve a BIS value less than or equal to 50 was significantly lower (p <0.05) in the SR group (4.51 minutes) vs. the S group (5.64 minutes). In S group, hemodynamic variables remained significantly more stable and 30% of patients had good intubation conditions, 49% excellent and 21% were classified as poor. In the SR group, 42.5% of patients had good intubation conditions, 47.5% excellent and 10% poor. Regarding respiratory variables in S group, 2.3% of patients lost spontaneous breathing compared with 80% of patients in the SR group. Differences between groups in the incidence of complications during induction were observed; the occurrence of cough (..) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia, Inhalation/methods , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/methods , Anesthetics/pharmacokinetics , Induction Chemotherapy/methods , Anesthesia/adverse effects
10.
Cir. mayor ambul ; 16(1): 35-42, ene.-mar. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-92764

ABSTRACT

La colecistectomía laparoscópica es el tratamiento de elección para la colelitiasis sintomática y es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgico selectivos que se lleva a cabo con mayor frecuencia en el mundo occidental. Su realización en régimen ambulatorio ha permitido la reducción de costes sanitarios, la incorporación temprana del paciente a sus actividades cotidianas y, todo ello, con unos niveles de satisfacción muy favorables por parte de los pacientes. Las náuseas y los vómitos postoperatorios (NVPO) son, junto con el dolor, los principales factores que determinan la estancia hospitalaria. La analgesia eficaz es imprescindible para la realización de la técnica en régimen ambulatorio. Un régimen anestésico multimodal permite reducir el dolor y NVPO en un 44%. La colecistectomía laparoscópica en régimen ambulatorio es fiable y segura, para lo que debe existir una correcta selección de pacientes (AU)


Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard of care in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis and it is one of the most common surgical elective procedures wich are used in the developed world. Its perfomance as an ambulatory procedure has allowed the reduction of health costs, an earlier return of the patient to full daily activity and more often than not, patients satisfaction has been substantially increased. Postoperative nausea, vomiting(PONV) and pain are the main factors that determine the length of hospital stay. Effective analgesia is an essential requirement for the performance of the technique as an ambulatory procedure. Multimodal anesthesia regime allows a reduction in pain and PONV up to 44%. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a reliable and safe ambulatory procedure, wich should have a correct patient selection (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/methods , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/methods , Pain, Postoperative/therapy , Analgesia/methods , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Anesthesia/methods
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