Mid-term outcomes after off-pump coronary surgery in patients with prior intracoronary stent.

OBJECTIVE: An increasing number of patients undergoing heart surgery have had a prior coronary stent placement. This study was designed to examine the effect of this situation on the mid-term outcomes of off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (OP-CABG) surgery. METHODS: A comparative retrospective non-randomized comparison was performed as follows: all patients undergoing OP-CABG from January 2005 to December 2009 at our centre were divided into two groups: those who did or did not have stents at the time of surgery. We compared the incidences of the following events: (i) death and (ii) combined major adverse cardiac events (MACEs): death, myocardial infarction (MI) and repeat revascularization. Cox's proportional hazards analysis adjusted by a propensity score (n:m) were performed to determine the effects of prior stent placement on the risks of such events. RESULTS: A total of 1020 patients were included, of which 156 (15.6%) had at least one stent. The median follow-up was 32.32 months (interquartile rank 18.08-48). The overall 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates were 95, 92 and 91% for the without-stent group vs. 82, 77 and 74% for the with-stent group, respectively. The 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates free from MACEs were: 92, 87 and 76% for patients without stent vs. 77, 66 and 56% for those with stents. Patients with stent showed an increased risk of death [hazard ratio (HR) 3.631, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.29-5.756] and MACEs (HR 2.784, 95% CI 1.962-3.951). When adjusted by the propensity score, prior stent placement continued to increase the risks of death (HR 3.795, 95% CI 2.319-6.21) and MACEs (HR 2.89, 95% CI 2.008-4.158). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with intracoronary stents have a lower survival rate and a greater risk of death, MI or need for repeat revascularization during the mid-term follow-up after OP-CABG.

SYNTAX Score is associated with worse outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery for three-vessel or left main complex coronary disease.

OBJECTIVE: The SYNergy between percutaneous intervention with TAXus drug eluting stents and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) Score is a tool for risk stratification of patients according to the complexity of coronary lesions developed during the SYNTAX trial. We examined the influence of the SYNTAX Score on the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. METHODS: All patients with de novo left main or 3-vessel disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting from January 2005 to December 2008 at our institution (Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain) were retrospectively assessed, and their SYNTAX Score was calculated. The influence of the SYNTAX Score on postprocedural and follow-up mortality and combined major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (including death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, and repeat revascularization) was identified by multivariate analysis. Balancing score analysis was performed to eliminate the effect of potential confounders. RESULTS: A total of 716 patients were enrolled. Mean SYNTAX Score was 34.5 (standard deviation, 6.7; range, 11.5-76). Three groups of patients were identified according to the score terciles: low (≤33), intermediate (33-37), and high (>37). These terciles scores differed greatly from those reported by the SYNTAX trial investigators. The multivariate analysis identified that the SYNTAX Score was associated with follow-up mortality (hazard ratio = 1.046, P = .015) and combined early and follow-up major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (odds ratio = 1.079, P < .001; and hazard ratio = 1.034, P = .026, respectively). Balancing score-adjusted analyses demonstrated that the SYNTAX Score was independently associated with early and late major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (odds ratio = 1.65, P < .001; and hazard ratio = 1.034, P = .027, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: SYNTAX Score was remarkably high among patients undergoing surgical off-pump myocardial revascularization at our institution. In this subset of patients, a higher SYNTAX Score was associated with a higher incidence of in-hospital and follow-up major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events after coronary artery bypass grafting, but not with early or late mortality.

Clinical outcomes with off-pump coronary surgery after angioplasty with stent.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The aim was to determine whether prior coronary stent implantation affects postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Between January 2005 and April 2008, a retrospective analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of prior coronary stent implantation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary surgery on the incidence of major cardiovascular events in the postoperative period (i.e. at 30 days or during postoperative hospitalization). RESULTS: In total, 796 consecutive patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Of these, 116 (14.6%) had a coronary stent at the time of surgery. Patients with and without stents had similar levels of risk (i.e. EuroSCORE). Multivariate analysis, adjusted for the presence of confounding variables (i.e. preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, critical preoperative state, age, history of cerebrovascular accident, recent acute myocardial infarction, number of diseased coronary vessels, incomplete revascularization and on-pump conversion), showed that the presence of a stent was significantly associated with increased risks of postoperative myocardial infarction (relative risk [RR]=3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75-5.96), in-hospital cardiac mortality (RR=4.62; 95% CI, 1.76-12.11) and in-hospital all-cause mortality (RR=3.65; 95% CI, 1.60-8.34). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, coronary artery stent implantation prior to coronary surgery was associated with increased risks of postoperative myocardial infarction, cardiac mortality and all-cause mortality in the postoperative period.

Resultados de la cirugía coronaria sin circulación extracopórea tras angioplastia con stent / Clinical outcomes with off-pump coronary surgery after angioplasty with stent

Introducción y objetivos. Evaluar el impacto de la implantación de stents coronarios previa a la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica en los resultados postoperatorios de ésta. Métodos. Desde enero de 2005 hasta abril de 2008, se evaluó retrospectivamente el impacto de la implantación de stents coronarios previa a la cirugía coronaria sin circulación extracorpórea en la incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares mayores en el postoperatorio (30 días o ingreso hospitalario postoperatorios). Resultados. Se sometió a 796 pacientes consecutivos a revascularización miocárdica quirúrgica; 116 (14,6%) portaban algún stent coronario en el momento de la cirugía. Los grupos con stent y sin stent tenían un perfil de riesgo similar (EuroSCORE). En el análisis multivariable, ajustando el riesgo por las variables de confusión detectadas (fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo preoperatoria < 40%, estado crítico preoperatorio, edad, antecedentes de accidente cerebrovascular agudo, infarto miocárdico agudo previo reciente, número de vasos coronarios enfermos, revascularización quirúrgica incompleta y conversión a circulación extracorpórea) se detectó que el ser portador de stent se asociaba de forma significativa a un mayor riesgo de infarto miocárdico postoperatorio (RR = 3,13; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,75-5,96), mortalidad cardiaca hospitalaria (RR = 4,62; IC del 95%, 1,76-12,11) y mortalidad hospitalaria por todas las causas (RR = 3,65; IC del 95%, 1,6-8,34). Conclusiones. En nuestra experiencia, la implantación previa de stents coronarios se asocia a un mayor riesgo de infarto miocárdico y mortalidad cardiaca y por todas las causas en el postoperatorio de la cirugía coronaria (AU)

Introduction and Objectives. The aim was to determine whether prior coronary stent implantation affects postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods. Between January 2005 and April 2008, a retrospective analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of prior coronary stent implantation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary surgery on the incidence of major cardiovascular events in the postoperative period (ie, at 30 days or during postoperative hospitalization). Results. In total, 796 consecutive patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Of these, 116 (14.6%) had a coronary stent at the time of surgery. Patients with and without stents had similar levels of risk (ie, EuroSCORE). Multivariate analysis, adjusted for the presence of confounding variables (ie, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction <40 critical preoperative state age history of cerebrovascular accident recent acute myocardial infarction number diseased coronary vessels incomplete revascularization and on-pump conversion showed that the presence a stent was significantly associated with increased risks postoperative relative risk rr="3.65;" 95 confidence interval ci 1 75-5 96 in-hospital cardiac mortality 76-12 11 all-cause 60-8 34 conclusions in our experience artery implantation prior to surgery period inhospital (AU)

[Effect of sex on revascularization strategy]. / Estrategias de revascularización: importancia del sexo.

Cardiovascular disease and, in particular, ischemic heart disease are major causes of morbidity and mortality in women. Diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in women is made more difficult by the occurrence of atypical symptoms, a perception that the risk is low, the limited accuracy of non-invasive tests, and underuse of coronary angiography. Women with ischemic heart disease, with either stable or unstable angina or non-Q wave or ST-elevation myocardial infarction, benefit as much as men from percutaneous or surgical revascularization. However, hemorrhagic complications occur more often in women and periprocedural mortality is slightly higher with both techniques, though the sex difference has tended to decrease in recent years. Moreover, drug-eluting stents, arterial revascularization, and off-pump procedures are equally beneficial to men and women. Nevertheless, strict control of risk factors is essential following any revascularization procedure. Selecting which of the 2 revascularization procedures is more appropriate depends on the patient's age and comorbid conditions, the number, location and type of coronary lesions, ventricular function, and the patient's preferences, among other factors. Nowadays, a significant number of patients can be revascularized using either technique. Therefore, open discussion of each case and close collaboration between interventional cardiologists and surgeons are essential so that joint decisions about the most appropriate treatment can be made in a consistent manner.

Estrategias de revascularización: importancia del sexo / Effect of sex on revascularization strategy

La enfermedad cardiovascular en general y la cardiopatía isquémica en particular constituyen una importante fuente de morbimortalidad en la mujer. La sintomatología más atípica, la baja percepción del riesgo por parte de las mujeres, la menor precisión diagnóstica de las pruebas no invasivas y la menor utilización de la coronariografía dificultan el diagnóstico de la cardiopatía isquémica en la mujer. La mujer con cardiopatía isquémica, tanto en el contexto de la angina estable e inestable como del infarto sin onda Q o con elevación del segmento ST, se beneficia tanto como el varón de la revascularización percutánea o quirúrgica, aunque la tasa de complicaciones hemorrágicas y la mortalidad periprocedimiento son algo más elevadas en la mujer; sin embargo, se observa una tendencia hacia una reducción en las diferencias en los últimos años. Tanto los stents farmacoactivos como la revascularización arterial sin circulación extracorpórea aportan beneficios similares en varones y mujeres. El estricto control de los factores de riesgo es imprescindible tras cualquier procedimiento de revascularización. La selección del método de revascularización más adecuado en cada paciente dependerá de la edad, la comorbilidad, el tipo, el número y la localización de las lesiones coronarias, la función ventricular y las preferencias del paciente, entre otros factores. Hoy día, un número considerable de pacientes puede ser revascularizado por ambas técnicas. Por ello es imprescindible la discusión conjunta de casos y la estrecha colaboración de cardiólogos intervencionistas y cirujanos, que lleve a la toma conjunta de decisiones terapéuticas que puedan ser convenientemente evaluadas y modificadas (AU)

Cardiovascular disease and, in particular, ischemic heart disease are major causes of morbidity and mortality in women. Diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in women is made more difficult by the occurrence of atypical symptoms, a perception that the risk is low, the limited accuracy of non-invasive tests, and underuse of coronary angiography. Women with ischemic heart disease, with either stable or unstable angina or non-Q wave or ST-elevation myocardial infarction, benefit as much as men from percutaneous or surgical revascularization. However, hemorrhagic complications occur more often in women and periprocedural mortality is slightly higher with both techniques, though the sex difference has tended to decrease in recent years. Moreover, drug-eluting stents, arterial revascularization, and off-pump procedures are equally beneficial to men and women. Nevertheless, strict control of risk factors is essential following any revascularization procedure. Selecting which of the 2 revascularization procedures is more appropriate depends on the patient's age and comorbid conditions, the number, location and type of coronary lesions, ventricular function, and the patient's preferences, among other factors. Nowadays, a significant number of patients can be revascularized using either technique. Therefore, open discussion of each case and close collaboration between interventional cardiologists and surgeons are essential so that joint decisions about the most appropriate treatment can be made in a consistent manner (AU)