ABSTRACT
Introducción: el traumatismo alvéolo-dentario es muy frecuente en la infancia y supone un motivo habitual de consulta en los Servicios de Urgencias pediátricos. Objetivo: estudiar el manejo de los traumatismos dentales en un hospital terciario. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se incluyeron todos los menores de 15 años que consultaron por traumatismo dental en la Urgencia Pediátrica del Hospital 12 de Octubre (Madrid, España) entre septiembre de 2008 y agosto de 2010. Durante este periodo se puso en marcha un protocolo de manejo de estos pacientes en nuestro centro. Resultados: en el periodo de estudio fueron atendidos 374 pacientes, el 63% varones, con una media de edad de 4,45 años. En el 84% de los casos, la etiología fue casual, seguido de un 3% relacionado con accidentes deportivos. El 32% de los pacientes fue derivado desde otros centros para valoración por Cirugía Maxilofacial. El 60% fue atendido exclusivamente por pediatras. Las causas más frecuentes de atención por parte de Cirugía Maxilofacial fueron: sutura de laceración gingival (6,4%), extracción dental (3%) y ferulización (1,3%). El 83,4% requirió solamente tratamiento médico. Conclusiones: el trauma dental es una causa frecuente de consulta en los Servicios de Urgencias y de derivación a hospitales de referencia. La mayoría de los pacientes presenta lesiones menores que no precisan la realización de pruebas complementarias ni requieren tratamiento quirúrgico, y pueden ser manejadas por un pediatra siguiendo protocolos consensuados con especialistas en Cirugía Maxilofacial (AU)
Introduction: dental injury is very common in childhood and a frequent reason for consultation in pediatric emergency departments. Objectives: to study the management of dental injury in a tertiary hospital. Material and methods: retrospective descriptive study. All patients under 15 years old consulting for dental injury in the Pediatric Emergency Department of Hospital 12 de Octubre between September 2008 and August 2010 were included. During this period of time a specific management protocol of these patients was started. Results: a total of 374 patients were treated, 63% being males, with a median age of 4.45 years. In 84% of cases the etiology was casual, followed by a 3% sports-related accident. Thirty-two percent of the patients were referred from other centers for Maxillofacial Surgery evaluation. In 60% of cases, children were treated exclusively by pediatricians. The most common reasons for maxillofacial surgery evaluation were: suture of gingival laceration (6.4%), dental extraction (3%) and ferulization (1.3%); 83.4% required only medical treatment. Conclusions: dental injury is a common reason for consultation in the pediatric emergency department and referral to other centers. Most patients have mild lesions so they need neither complementary studies nor surgery treatment and should be managed by pediatricians following agreed protocols (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Tooth Socket/injuries , Tooth Socket/pathology , Tooth Socket/surgery , Emergencies , Emergency Medicine/methods , Surgery, Oral/instrumentation , Clinical Protocols/standards , Tooth Injuries/diagnosis , Tooth Injuries/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Surgery, Oral/standards , Surgery, Oral , Hospitals, University/organization & administration , Hospitals, University/standards , Hospitals, University , Surgery, Oral/methodsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Positional plagiocephaly is currently the most frequent cause of consultation at pediatric neurosurgical departments in Spain and other western countries. There is considerable confusion in the literature on the terminology and physiopathology of this deformity, as well as its differential diagnosis with true synostosis and treatment recommendations. OBJECTIVES: To clarify these concepts and present a protocol for the management of positional plagiocephaly, which was recently requested by the Health Administration of the Community of Madrid. PROTOCOL: The protocol aims to achieve coordination among pediatricians and neurosurgeons, as well as to provide precise information on this deformity for parents, pediatricians and neurosurgeons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Previous consensus was reached on a series of data. Infants were classified into three categories of deformity (mild, moderate, severe) according to measurements on digital photographs. Diagnosis and treatment follows two phases: a pediatric phase (up to 5 months of age) and a neurosurgical phase (from 5 months onwards). Infants are referred to neurosurgical consultation only after being treated with postural changes and physiotherapy and only after reaching the age of 5 months. The reasons for this approach are explained in the protocol, which also defines the functions and responsibilities of each specialty. CONCLUSION: The treatment proposed in the protocol is staged, starting with postural changes and physiotherapy, followed by orthotic cranial devices and finally surgical treatment.
Subject(s)
Plagiocephaly, Nonsynostotic/diagnosis , Plagiocephaly, Nonsynostotic/therapy , Posture , Clinical Protocols , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Plagiocephaly, Nonsynostotic/etiologyABSTRACT
Introducción La plagiocefalia posicional es actualmente la causa más frecuente de asistencia en una consulta de neurocirugía pediátrica, tanto en España como en todos los países occidentales. A ello se suma la considerable confusión existente en la literatura especializada en relación a aspectos como la terminología, conceptos fisiopatológicos, diagnóstico diferencial con la craneosinostosis y por supuesto en el tratamiento más adecuado que hay que seguir. Objetivos Intentar clarificar estos conceptos y además presentar un protocolo de asistencia que nos ha solicitado recientemente la Administración Sanitaria de la Comunidad de Madrid. Protocolo Pretende lograr la coordinación entre pediatras y neurocirujanos, así como conseguir una información precisa de los principales datos de esta patología para los familiares, pediatras y neurocirujanos. Material y métodos Se establecen una serie de datos de consenso. Los niños son clasificados en 3 grados de deformación (leve, moderada y grave) según los índices medidos en fotografías digitales. Además el proceso del diagnóstico y tratamiento tiene dos fases: fase pediátrica (hasta los 5 meses de edad) y fase neuroquirúrgica (desde los 5 meses de edad). Los niños serán enviados a neurocirugía después de haber sido tratados con tratamiento posicional y rehabilitación y solamente a partir de los 5 meses de edad. Las razones de todo ello son explicadas en el protocolo que define también las funciones y responsabilidades de cada especialista. Conclusiones El tratamiento que se propone es escalonado, comenzando por las medidas posicionales y de rehabilitación, seguidas de ortesis craneal y en último lugar del tratamiento quirúrgico
Introduction Positional plagiocephaly is currently the most frequent cause of consultation at pediatric neurosurgical departments in Spain and other western countries. There is considerable confusion in the literature on the terminology and physiopathology of this deformity, as well as its differential diagnosis with true synostosis and treatment recommendations. Objectives To clarify these concepts and present a protocol for the management of positional plagiocephaly, which was recently requested by the Health Administration of the Community of Madrid. Protocol The protocol aims to achieve coordination among pediatricians and neurosurgeons, as well as to provide precise information on this deformity for parents, pediatricians and neurosurgeons. Material and methods Previous consensus was reached on a series of data. Infants were classified into three categories of deformity (mild, moderate, severe) according to measurements on digital photographs. Diagnosis and treatment follows two phases: a pediatric phase (up to 5 months of age) and a neurosurgical phase (from 5 months onwards). Infants are referred to neurosurgical consultation only after being treated with postural changes and physiotherapy and only after reaching the age of 5 months. The reasons for this approach are explained in the protocol, which also defines the functions and responsibilities of each specialty. Conclusion The treatment proposed in the protocol is staged, starting with postural changes and physiotherapy, followed by orthotic cranial devices and finally surgical treatment
