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1.
Phys Med Biol ; 63(14): 145008, 2018 07 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29877195

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work is to study the radiation doses delivered to a group of patients that underwent a stereotactic breast biopsy (SBB) procedure. Mean glandular doses (MGD) were estimated from the air-kerma measured at the breast surface entrance multiplying by specific conversion coefficients (DgN) that were estimated using Monte Carlo simulations. DgN were calculated for the 0° and ±15° projections used in SBB and for the particular beam quality. Data on 61 patients were collected showing that a typical SBB procedure is composed by ten images. MGD was on average (4 ± 2) mGy with (0.38 ± 0.06) mGy per image. The use of specific conversion coefficients instead of typical DgN for mammography/tomosynthesis yields to obtain MGD values for SBB that are around a 65% lower on average.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast/physiopathology , Mammography/methods , Monte Carlo Method , Phantoms, Imaging , Biopsy , Breast/diagnostic imaging , Breast/radiation effects , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Female , Humans , Radiation Dosage
2.
J Vet Intern Med ; 31(5): 1556-1562, 2017 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28766820

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Intravascular volume assessment in foals is challenging. In humans, intravascular volume status is estimated by the caudal vena cava (CVC) collapsibility index (CVC-CI) defined as (CVC diameter at maximum expiration [CVCmax ] - CVC diameter at minimal inspiration [CVCmin ])/CVCmax × 100%. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the CVC could be sonographically measured in healthy foals, determine differences in CVCmax and CVCmin , and calculate inter- and intrarater variability between 2 examiners. We hypothesized that the CVC could be measured sonographically at the subxiphoid view and that there would be a difference between CVCmax and CVCmin values. ANIMALS: Sixty privately owned foals <1-month-old. METHODS: Prospective study. A longitudinal subxiphoid sonographic window in standing foals was used. The CVCmax and CVCmin were analyzed by a linear mixed effect model. Inter-rater agreement and intrarater variability were expressed by Bland-Altman and intraclass correlation coefficients, respectively. RESULTS: Measurements were attained from 58 of 60 foals with mean age of 15 ± 7.9 days and mean weight of 75.7 ± 17.7 kg. The CVCmax was significantly different from CVCmin (D = 0.515, SE = 0.031, P < 0.001). Inter-rater agreement of the CVC-CI differed by an average of -0.9% (95% limits of agreement, -12.5 to +10.7%). Intrarater variability of CVCmax was 0.540 and 0.545, of CVCmin was 0.550 and 0.594, and of CVC-CI was 0.894 and 0.853 for observers 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: These results indicate it is possible to reliably measure the CVC sonographically in healthy foals, and the CVC-CI may prove useful in assessing the intravascular volume status in hypovolemic foals.


Subject(s)
Horses/anatomy & histology , Respiration , Vena Cava, Inferior/anatomy & histology , Animals , Horses/physiology , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies , Ultrasonography/veterinary , Vena Cava, Inferior/diagnostic imaging , Vena Cava, Inferior/physiology
3.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(5): 333-338, sept.-oct. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-114248

ABSTRACT

En las unidades de neonatología llama poderosamente la atención el aumento de hijos de padres inmigrantes y el incremento del número de prematuros tardíos. Actualmente, uno de cada cinco nacimientos en España se puede atribuir a la población inmigrante. El 69% de las mujeres inmigrantes tiene entre 15 y 49 años, comparado con el 48% de las españolas. Mientras que la tasa de prematuridad se mantiene constante en un 7-8% , los prematuros tardíos se han incrementado un 13% desde el 2001 suponiendo los prematuros tardíos un 75% de todos ellos. La prematuridad es la principal causa de muerte en el primer mes de vida y la segunda causa de morbilidad fetal o neonatal tras las malformaciones congénitas. La tasa de morbimortalidad en esta población es más baja de la de prematuros de EG más baja, pero mayor que en los recién nacidos a término, presentando sobre todo alta tasa de mal adaptación pulmonar, membrana hialiina, apneas, inestabilidad térmica, hipoglucemia, hipocalcemia, anemia, ictericia, problemas neurológicos (el volumen cerebral en la semana 34ª es el 65% del término). La razón por la que han aumentado en número no es bien conocida. Una hipótesis sería el aumento en las técnicas de reproducción asistida, que generarían un incremento en el número de embarazos múltiples. La segunda hipótesis son los avances en la práctica obstétrica que han llevado a un incremento en el número de intervenciones médicas y quirúrgicas durante el embarazo (AU)


One out of five births actually in Spain is due to foreign parents, which is higher tan the proportion of immigrants in the whole population. This can be explained by a higher fecundity rate and because this population is younger than Spanish (69% of immigrants women have an age between 15 and 49, compare to 48% of Spanish women). The number of preterm births has increased too in the last years up to 7-8%, specially late preterm infants, (define by birth at 34 0/7 through 36 6/7 weeks gestation), which have increased a 13% from 2001. The characteristics of late-preterm infants predispose them to a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than term infant greater risk of respiratory distress, apnea, hypoglycemia, temperature instability, anemia, jaundice, feeding difficulties, cerebral palsy and neurodevelopmental handicaps. The reason for the increase in late-preterm births during the last decade is not well understood. One hypothesis is that it may be attributable to increased use of reproductive technologies, and an increase in multifetal pregnancies. An-other hypothesis is that advances is obstetric practice have led to an increase in surveillance and medical interventions during pregnancy (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Obstetric Labor, Premature/epidemiology , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Infant, Premature , Retrospective Studies , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality
4.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(3): 189-196, mayo-jun. 2012. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-113540

ABSTRACT

Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo desde mayo 2007 hasta abril 2011. El objetivo del mismo ha sido estudiar: la utilidad de la prueba, las medicaciones utilizadas, la seguridad del procedimiento y la satisfacción del paciente. Todas las sedaciones fueron administradas por médicos especialistas en Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos y realizadas por gastroenterólogos pediátricos. Resultados: La sedación se realizó en 159 pacientes, de entre 1 y 15 años. De ellas: 147 fueron endoscopias digestivas altas, 9 colonoscopias y 3 panendoscopias. Las indicaciones fueron: sospecha de enfermedad celíaca (61,6%), epigastralgia/gastritis (11,9%), sospecha de ERGE/disfagia (8,8%), Helicobacter pylori resistente a tratamiento (6,3%), rectorragia (5,7%), y otras (5,7%). Los fármacos utilizados fueron midazolam y ketamina, en bolo, en combinación. La dosis total media de midazolam fue de 0,17 mg/kg, encontrando una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre la dosis de midazolam utilizada y la edad del paciente, para el grupo de edad de 1-3 años. Las complicaciones fueron infrecuentes (16,4%), de ellas solo en 2 casos del total (1,3%) fueron respiratorias severas, no pudiéndose terminar el procedimiento. Conclusiones. La práctica de la endoscopia digestiva pediátrica en nuestro Hospital es segura, realizada con una correcta monitorización y personal adecuadamente entrenado. Las complicaciones severas fueron infrecuentes (AU)


Material and methods. We performed a descriptive retrospective study from May 2007 to April 2011. Its objective was to study: the usefulness of the test, medications used, the procedure's safety and patient satisfaction. All sedation was administered by physicians specializing in pediatric intensive care and performed by pediatric gastroenterologists. Results. Sedation was performed in 159 patients, between 1 and 15 years old. On these 147 were upper endoscopies, 9 colonoscopies and 3 panendoscopies. Indications were: suspected celiac disease (61,6%), epigastric pain/gastritis (11,9%), suspected GERD/dysphagia (8.8%), treatment-resistant Helicobacter pylori (6.3%), rectal bleeding (5.7%) and others (5.7%). The drugs used were midazolam and ketamine, bolus, in combination. The overall average dose of midazolam was 0,17 mg/kg, a statistically significant difference (p<0,05) was found between the dose of midazolam used and the patient's age, for age group 1-3 years old. Complications were infrequent (16.4%) of which only 2 cases of total (1.3%) were severe respiratory, not being able to complete the process. Conclusions. The practice of pediatric endoscopy in our hospital is safe, made with proper monitoring and adequately trained personnel. Severe complications were rare (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Deep Sedation , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Retrospective Studies
5.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(1): 59-64, ene.-feb. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-101738

ABSTRACT

Entre lo niños de edades comprendidas entre 5-12 años el cáncer es la segunda causa de mortalidad, precedida solo por los accidentes, y en el grupo de edad de 1-4 años es la 3º causa de mortalidad, después de accidentes y anomalías congénitas. La leucemia es el tipo de cáncer más común entre los niños, con un pico de incidencia entre los 2 y 4 años. El 80% de leucemias a esta edad son del tipo leucemia linfoblástica aguada (LLA). En los últimos años se han revisado factores de riesgo, que incluyen: factores genéticos, características al nacimiento, exposición prenatal a hormonas exógenas, radiaciones prenatales, infecciones virales y radiaciones postnatales. Más recientemente, numerosos estudios han sugerido que la exposición ocupacional de los padres puede estar implicada en la etiología del cáncer infantil. Nosotros hemos realizado una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura sobre estudios observacionales, revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis en relación con la exposición ocupacional paterna/materna a pesticidas, solventes, colorantes, petróleo y sus derivados, plomo y componentes de plomo, polvo orgánico, polvo de madera, radiaciones, campos electromagnéticos y otros posibles agentes carcinogénicos como factores de riesgo para el desarrollo posterior de leucémica y linfoma infantil (AU)


Among children between the ages of 5 and 14 years, cancer is the second cause of death, preceded only by accidents, and in the age group of 1 and 4 years, it is the tried cause of death after accidents and congenital anomalies. Leukaemia is the most common cancer among children with a peak incidence between 2 and 4 years old. Almost 80% of the leukaemias in this age group are of the acute lymphoblastic type. In the last few years, risk factors have been reviewed which include: genetic factors, birth characteristics, prenatal exposure to exogenous hormones, irradiation, viral infections and postnatal irradiation. More recently, several studies have suggested that occupational exposure of parents may be involved in the etiology of childhood cancer. We have performed a review of the literature on observational studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis in relation to paternal/maternal occupational exposure to pesticides, solvents, dyes, petroleum and petroleum products, lead and lead compounds, organic dust, powder wood, radiation fields and other potencial carcinogens as risk factors for later development of leukaemia and lymphoma in children (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Leukemia/chemically induced , Neoplasms/chemically induced , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Paternal Exposure/adverse effects , Maternal Exposure/adverse effects , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Risk Factors , 35501
6.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(1): 65-68, ene.-feb. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-101739

ABSTRACT

Numerosos estudios han sugerido que la exposición ocupacional paterna y materna a diferentes sustancias químicas y campos electromagnéticos, puede tener un papel en la etiología del cáncer infantil. La aparición en edades muy tempranas de los casos de cáncer infantil puede estar relacionado con factores etiológicos que influyan en la concepción, embarazo y primera infancia, tales como la ocupación parental. Por su frecuencia en la infancia vamos a centrarnos en los estudios que relacionan la exposición ocupacional parental con la parición de neuroblastoma y tumores del SNC en la descendencia (AU)


Numerous studies have suggested that paternal pre-conceptional occupational exposures may have a role in the aetiology of childhood cancers. Because a remarkable number of childhood cancers occur at very young ages, it has been hypothesized than causes may operate during the prenatal and neonatal period, like parental occupational exposure. Due to the frequency in childhood, we review the studies that establish a relation between occupational exposure in parents and cases of neuroblastoma and central nervous system tumours in offspring (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Neuroblastoma/chemically induced , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/chemically induced , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Paternal Exposure/adverse effects , Maternal Exposure/adverse effects , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Risk Factors , 35501
7.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 67(1): 34-36, ene.-feb. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-101098

ABSTRACT

El periodo neonatal es una época de riesgo aumentada para la aparición de infartos isquémicos cerebrales, con una incidencia de aproximadamente 1 por cada 4.000 recién nacidos a término. La forma de presentación más frecuente son las crisis en las primeras 48-72 horas de vida. Los factores de riesgo incluyen alteraciones trombóticas hereditarias o adquiridas y factores ambientales. Las nuevas técnicas de neuroimagen han facilitado el diagnóstico precoz de esta patología (AU)


The few days before and after birth are a time of special risk for stroke in both mother and infant, probably related to activation of coagulation mechanisms in this critical period. Arterial ischaemic stroke around the time of birth is recognized in about one in 4,000 full-term infants. Neonatal seizures are most commonly the clinical finding that triggers assessment. Risk factors for perinatal stroke include hereditary or acquired thrombophilia’s and environmental factors. Perinatal arterial (ischemic) stroke (PAS) is more often recognized with the increased use of sophisticated neuroimaging tecniques (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Brain Ischemia/epidemiology , Cerebral Infarction/epidemiology , Thrombophilia/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Early Diagnosis , Disease Susceptibility , Seizures/etiology , Neuroimaging
8.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(6): 382-384, nov.-dic. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-92176

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Poland consiste en la ausencia total o parcial del músculo pectoral mayor y anomalías de miembro superior homolateral. Se considera un trastorno congénito no genético con bajo riesgo de recurrencia en la misma familia. Se puede asociar con otras malformaciones. La frecuencia estimada de este síndrome es de 1/36.000 RN vivos, con predominio en varones 3/1. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, con distintas modalidades, atendiendo a la edad, sexo del paciente y grado de deformidad (AU)


Poland syndrome consists of total or partial absence of pectoralis major and ipsilateral upper limb abnormalities. It is considered a non-genetic congenital disorder with low risk of recurrence in the same family. May be associated with other malformations. The estimated frequency of this syndrome is alive 1/36.000 RN, predominantly male 3/1. The treatment is surgical, in different ways, according to age, sex of the patient and degree of deformity (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Poland Syndrome/diagnosis , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Pectoralis Muscles/abnormalities
9.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(3): 197-199, mayo-jun. 2010.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-91719

ABSTRACT

En el síndrome del niño zarandeado se describe la coincidencia de hematoma subdural, hemorragias retinianas y daño cerebral difuso con pronóstico desfavorable , debido a las sacudidas del bebé. Los síntomas clínicos incluyen irritabilidad, somnolencia, apatía, calambres, ataques cerebrales, apnea, trastornos de la regulación de temperatura y vómitos debido a la presión intercraneal. Los síntomas más leves del síndrome del niño zarandeado a menudo no son diagnosticados y el número de casos no registrados es, probablemente mucho mayor. El diagnóstico del síndrome del niño zarandeado se hace a través de la coincidencia de síntomas típicos, pero la falta de hemorragia retiniana no excluye el diagnóstico. El mecanismo que se considera perjudicial son las fuerzas de rotación que comprimen las capas de tejido cerebral, unas contra otras, y rompen las venas que comunican cráneo y cerebro . Presentamos el caso de un lactante con desnutrición y hallazgos posteriores compatibles con síndrome de niño zarandeado (AU)


Shaken baby syndrome describes the coincidence of subdural hematoma, retinal bleeding and, disadvantageous for the prognosis, diffuse brain damage caused by powerful shaking of the infant. The clinical sympotoms include irritability , somnolence, apathy , cerebral attacks, apnoea, temperature regulation disorders and vomiting due to cranial pressure. Milder symptoms of shaken baby syndrome are often not diagnosed and the number of unregistered cases is probably much grater. The diagnosis of shaken baby syndrome is made through the typical symptom constellation, but the lack of retinal bleeding does not exclude the diagnosis. The injurious mechanism is considered to be caused by rotational forces which force tissue layers in the brain against each other and also lead to rupture of bridging veins between the skull and the brain. We report a case of an infant with malnutrition and shaken baby syndrome (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Child Nutrition Disorders/complications , Battered Child Syndrome/complications , Shaken Baby Syndrome/diagnosis
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