Long-term effectiveness and safety of bladder augmentation in spina bifida patients.

AIMS: To establish the long-term efficacy and safety of bladder augmentation in spina bifida patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen patients were operated on using the Bramble technique. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation included clinical history, blood tests, urine cultures, cystography, pyelography, ultrasound, and filling cystometry. In the final review a standardized quality of life questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 20 years (15-26). Kidney function was stabilized except for one case that required a kidney transplant. Hydronephrosis disappeared or improved (p = 0.03). Vesicoureteral reflux grades I-II was cured without reimplantation and grades III-IV responded better with reimplantation than without (p = 0.03). Quality of life improved in all patients, with all stating they would undergo the procedure again. After surgery, 94% of the patients exhibited diurnal continence but 25% exhibited nocturnal incontinence. Pressure at capacity decreased and bladder capacity increased (p < 0.001). One patient presented ureteral fistula with another presenting hemorrhage. Both required immediate surgical review. Late complications included urinary sphincter cuff erosion, renal lithiasis, four instances of bladder lithiasis and repeated pyelonephritis in one 24-year-old patient. All required surgery. The mean of urinary infections fell, from 2.5 per year (0.7) to 1 (0.5) (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Augmentation cystoplasty (AC) maintains its efficacy and improves quality of life in the long term. However, serious surgical complications can ensue, along with minor or major subsequent complications. This should be considered before surgery and makes lifelong monitoring of patients necessary.

A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials Assessing Sexuality in Hysterectomized Patients.

In hysterectomized patients, even though there is still controversy, evidence indicates that in the short term, the vaginal approach shows benefits over the laparoscopic approach, as it is less invasive, faster and less costly. However, the quality of sexual life has not been systematically reviewed in terms of the approach adopted. Through a systematic review, we analyzed (CRD42020158465 in PROSPERO) the impact of hysterectomy on sexual quality and whether there are differences according to the surgical procedure (abdominal or vaginal) for noncancer patients. MEDLINE (through PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov and Scopus were reviewed to find randomized clinical trials assessing sexuality in noncancer patients undergoing total hysterectomy, comparing vaginal and abdominal (laparoscopic and/or open) surgery. Three studies that assessed the issue under study were finally included. Two of these had a low risk of bias (Cochrane risk of bias tool); one was unclear. There was significant variability in how sexuality was measured, with no differences between the two approaches considered in the review. In conclusion, no evidence was found to support one procedure (abdominal or vaginal) over another for non-oncological hysterectomized patients regarding benefits in terms of sexuality.

Can the simultaneous laparoscopic approach improve the learning of vaginal surgery with meshes in the anatomical model?

AIMS: To evaluate the usefulness of simultaneous laparoscopic assistance to improve understanding of the nonvisible surgical steps in Thiel-embalmed cadaver models for training in vaginal surgery using vaginal mesh kits and to evaluate opinions of this surgical learning procedure in comparison with other learning models. METHODS: Recording of anterior compartment prolapse repair with vaginal mesh kits using an external camera simultaneously with laparoscopic vision during the execution of the procedure at the dissection room. To measure the usefulness of this procedure, we designed an anonymous online survey that was made available to program participants via a computer application (a link to video 1 and the survey is available at encuesta@um.es). RESULTS: After watching the video, 97.2% of participants agreed that laparoscopic vision combined with the vaginal approach was useful in learning this surgical technique, and 95.8% agreed they had learned details of the surgical anatomy of the pelvis. All participants agreed that it should be mandatory to train in these techniques with cadavers before practice with live patients. In addition, 84.7% responded that the cadaveric model was superior to animal and other types of models. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic inspection of the procedure performed with the vaginal approach allowed a better understanding of the surgical technique by making "visible" the anatomical structures that were commonly only palpated. Use of the cadaverous model was considered most efficient for training in this surgical technique.

Sexual Quality of Life After Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence With Adjustable Tension-free Mesh System in Women Who Were Sexually Active Before Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the sexuality and quality of life of sexually active women with stress or mixed urinary incontinence (SUI or MUI) after surgery with adjustable tension-free suburethral mesh system (transobturator adjustable tape or transvaginal adjustable tape). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This intervention study with 2 years of follow-up (visits at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years) involved 60 women with SUI or MUI who underwent surgery using transobturator adjustable tape or transvaginal adjustable tape during 2008-2014 in a Spanish region. The variables of interest measured pre- and postintervention were the global scores on the following questionnaires: (1) the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire-12; (2) the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire; and (3) the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire. Mixed linear models were constructed to determine the effect of the intervention on the outcome variables. RESULTS: A significant improvement (P <.001) was seen over time in all the questionnaires, although between the 1- and 2-year visits there was a slight deterioration in all of them. CONCLUSION: The technique provided an improved quality of life and sexuality, which was maintained at all the postoperative visits compared with baseline.

Outcomes of ureteroscopy miniaturization on tissue damage and tissue hypoxia in a pig model.

Miniaturization of ureteroscopy materials is intended to decrease tissue damage. However, tissue hypoxia and the gross and microscopic effects on tissue have not been adequately assessed. We compared the gross and microscopic effects of micro-ureteroscopy (m-URS) and conventional ureteroscopy (URS) on the urinary tract. We employed 14 pigs of the Large White race. URS was performed in one of the ureters with an 8/9.8 F ureteroscope, while a 4.85 F m-URS sheath was used in the contralateral ureter. Gross assessment of ureteral wall damage and ureteral orifice damage was performed. For microscopic assessment hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for detection of tissue hypoxia were conducted. Regarding the macroscopic assessment of ureteral damage, substantial and significant differences were recorded using URS (C = 0.8), but not with m-URS. Microscopic assessment after staining with hematoxylin-eosin revealed greater epithelial desquamation in the URS group (p < 0.05). Pimonidazole staining revealed greater hypoxia in the epithelial cells than in the remainder of the ureteral layers. We conclude that m-URS causes less damage to the ureteral orifice than URS. Histopathological findings show m-URS reduces ureteral epithelial damage compared with conventional ureteroscopy. Both URS and m-URS cause cellular hypoxia.

Micro-ureteroscopy vs. ureteroscopy: effects of miniaturization on renal vascularization and intrapelvic pressure.

PURPOSE: Ureteroscopy (URS) is related to complications, as fever or postoperative urinary sepsis, due to high intrapelvic pressure (IPP) during the procedure. Micro-ureteroscopy (m-URS) aims to reduce morbidity by miniaturizing the instrument. The objective of this study is to compare IPP and changes in renal haemodynamics, while performing m-URS vs. conventional URS. METHODS: A porcine model involving 14 female pigs was used in this experimental study. Two surgeons performed 7 URS (8/9.8 Fr), for 45 min, and 7 m-URS (4.85 Fr), for 60 min, representing a total of 28 procedures in 14 animals. A catheter pressure transducer measured IPP every 5 min. Haemodynamic parameters were evaluated by Doppler ultrasound. The volume of irrigation fluid employed in each procedure was also measured. RESULTS: The range of average pressures was 5.08-14.1 mmHg in the m-URS group and 6.08-20.64 mmHg in the URS (NS). 30 mmHg of IPP were not reached in 90% of renal units examined with m-URS, as compared to 65% of renal units in the URS group. Mean peak diastolic velocity decreased from 15.93 to 15.22 cm/s (NS) in the URS group and from 19.26 to 12.87 cm/s in the m-URS group (p < 0.01). Mean resistive index increased in both groups (p < 0.01). Irrigation fluid volume used was 485 mL in the m-URS group and 1475 mL in the URS group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: m-URS requires less saline irrigation volumes than the conventional ureteroscopy and increases renal IPP to a lesser extent.

Lateral-based Anterior Vaginal Wall Flap in the Treatment of Female Urethral Stricture: Efficacy and Safety.

BACKGROUND: Female urethral stricture is a rare condition. Different types of urethroplasty have been described. However, high quality studies are sparse. The most common technique used-the Blandy's technique-has resulted in our cases in a retrusive meatus and an inward urinary stream. OBJECTIVE: To show the efficacy and safety of an alternative vaginal wall flap urethroplasty. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken in a single University Hospital. Nine female patients previously diagnosed with urethral stricture at our institution underwent open surgery from 1993 to 2015. They were contacted and agreed to undergo a medical examination. SURGICAL PROCEDURE: A ventral lateral-based anterior vaginal wall flap urethroplasty inspired by the Orandi technique for male urethroplasty was performed. MEASUREMENTS: A chart review was performed. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The mean age was 56 yr (41-78 yr). The mean follow-up was 80.7 mo (12-198). All patients had relief of symptoms. The meatus of all patients stayed in an orthotopic position without any impact on the direction of the urinary stream. The average caliber of the urethra increased from 10.8 Fr (6-18 Fr) to ≥20 Fr. Peak flow improved from a mean of 6.8ml/s (3-11ml/s) to 21ml/s (14-35ml/s). No patient developed stricture recurrence or de novo stress urinary incontinence. There were no other immediate or delayed complications. All patients achieved a better score on the Patient Global Impression of Improvement questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: Our study, with the same limitations that the few studies published in this field had, that is the few patients included, demonstrates that lateral anterior vaginal wall flap urethroplasty is an effective technique, offering durable results without apparent complications. PATIENT SUMMARY: We studied an alternative surgical technique for the treatment of female urethral stricture. We conclude that it is safe and effective with no apparent complications and good long-term results.

Blind hemibladder, ectopic ureterocele, or Gartner's duct cyst in a woman with Müllerian malformation and supposed unilateral renal agenesis: a case report.

Genital anomalies associated with unilateral renal agenesis are generally due to agenesis or hypoplasia of the entire urogenital ridge or distal mesonephric aberrations. However, renal adysplasia could also occur in association with anomalies of the ventral urogenital sinus. The patient presented didelphys uterus in the superior uterine segment, a septate cervix, and a simple vagina. After transvaginal puncture and injection of a contrast agent into the bulge observed in the right vaginal wall, a filled sac or cavity was detected, possibly a hemibladder. This structure continued upward with a possible dilated tortuous ureter that filled retrogradely. Magnetic resonance imaging also showed the presence of the right blind paravaginal sac. Right hemitrigone and ureteral orifice were absent in the cystourethroscopy. No right kidney was found, despite the use of multiple imaging techniques. Blind hemibladder, ectopic ureterocele, and Gartner's duct cyst seem to be a possible diagnosis associated to Müllerian malformations and supposed unilateral renal agenesis. Therefore, Müllerian anomalies without combined mesonephric alteration could be associated with conditions of the ventral urogenital sinus, including blind hemibladder or ectopic ureterocele with secondary renal dysplasia.

Transvaginal adjustable tape: an adjustable mesh for surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.

After transvaginal adjustable tape, approximately 15% of patients still suffer incontinence, and voiding dysfunction is present in a relatively important number of patients. Transvaginal adjustable tape (TVA) permits postoperative readjustment of tension, suggesting that better results could be obtained. Sixty-four incontinent women received TVA. Patients were monitored 1, 6, and 12 months post-surgery and annually thereafter by medical history, cough stress test, flowmetry and post-void residual test (PVR), incontinence quality of life, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form, and Patient Global Impressions of Improvement (PGI-I) questionnaires. After adjustment, all patients rendered continent, and none had PVR. On no occasion was vesical catheterization or uretholysis necessary. Mean follow-up was 40+/-12.9 months. Objective and subjective cure rate were 94% and 56%, respectively. Qmax was 22.3+/-9.9 ml/s. The PGI-I questionnaire showed 94% of patients to be better or very much better than before. Our data suggest that with TVA tape, better results can be obtained, furthermore, without increasing surgical complications.

[Secondary bladder amyloidosis with severe recurrent hematuria: transurethral Mickuliz procedure as hemostatic option]. / Hematuria grave recidivante por amiloidosis vesical secundaria. Mikulicz transuretral como opción hemostática.

OBJECTIVES: Primary localized amyloidosis of the urinary bladder generally has a benign course. On the contrary, secondary amyloidosis, a consequence of systemic amyloidosis, may have massive bleeding and produce complications such as bladder rupture or life-threatening hemodynamic problems requiring desperate hemostatic procedures such as hypogastric artery embolization or ligature, or cystectomy. We report one case in which hemostasis was achieved by a Mickulicz transurethral bladder tamponage. METHODS: 58 year old female with very aggressive rheumatoid arthritis and secondary renal amyloidosis under chronic hemodialysis presenting with severe hematuria after hip replacement. An inflamed bladder was found, the biopsy of which showed edema in all layers with blood vessel walls enlarged by amiloyd deposits. After several unsuccessful transurethral hemostatic procedures, intravesical formalin irrigation was carried out together with a Mikulicz type gauze packaging after urethral dilation. The gauze was withdrawn three days later without bleeding recurrence; however she presented subsequent neurological impairment and finally died 14 days after the last urological procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Transurethral packaging of the urinary bladder in a woman with massive hematuria is a hemostatic option that we recommend to be used before other more dramatic or invasive options are chosen.

Hematuria grave recidivante por amiloidosis vesical secundaria. Mikulicz transuretral como opción hemostática / Secondary bladder amyloidosis with severe recurrent hematuria: transurethral Mickuliz procedure as hemostatic option

OBJETIVO: Al contrario que la amiloidosisvesical primaria o localizada, cuyo curso es generalmentebenigno, en la forma secundaria, consecuenciade amiloidosis sistémica, el sangrado puede sermasivo, con necesidad de procedimientos hemostáticosdesesperados como la ligadura de las arterias hipogástricaso la cistectomía. Describimos un caso en elque la hemostasia se logró mediante un taponamientovesical transuretral de tipo Mikulicz.MÉTODO Y RESULTADO: Una mujer de 58 años conartritis reumatoide muy agresiva, amiloidosis renalsecundaria y en hemodiálisis crónica, presentabahematuria grave después de haber sido operada de lacadera . Se le encontró una vejiga inflamatoria en cuyabiopsia, todas las capas estaban edematizadas y lasparedes de los vasos engrosadas por depósitos deamiloide. Después de varios procedimientos hemostáticostransuretrales infructuosos, se realizó una formolización vesical, y un taponamiento endovesical de tipoMikulicz con vendas de gasa introducidas a través dela uretra previamente dilatada. La gasa exteriorizadapor uretra pudo retirarse al tercer dia, sin que reaparecierala hematuria, aunque tuvo un posterior deterioroneurológico, falleciendo finalmente a los catorcedías de la última intervención.CONCLUSIÓN: El taponamiento vesical transuretral enuna mujer con hematuria intensa es una opción hemostáticaque recomendamos probar antes de elegir otrasmás dramáticas o invasivas

OBJECTIVES: Primary localized amyloidosis ;;of the urinary bladder generally has a benign course. ;;On the contrary, secondary amyloidosis, a consequence ;;of systemic amyloidosis, may have massive bleeding ;;and produce complications such as bladder rupture or ;;life-threatening hemodynamic problems requiring desperate ;;hemostatic procedures such as hypogastric artery ;;embolization or ligature, or cystectomy. We report one ;;case in which hemostasis was achieved by a Mickulicz ;;transurethral bladder tamponage. ;;METHODS: 58 year old female with very aggressive ;;rheumatoid arthritis and secondary renal amyloidosis ;;under chronic hemodialysis presenting with severe ;;hematuria after hip replacement. An inflamed bladder ;;was found, the biopsy of which showed edema in all ;;layers with blood vessel walls enlarged by amiloyd ;;deposits. After several unsuccessful transurethral hemostatic ;;procedures, intravesical formalin irrigation was carried ;;out together with a Mikulicz type gauze packaging after ;;urethral dilation. The gauze was withdrawn three days ;;later without bleeding recurrence; however she presented ;;subsequent neurological impairment and finally died 14 ;;days after the last urological procedure. ;;CONCLUSIONS: Transurethral packaging of the urinary ;;bladder in a woman with massive hematuria is a ;;hemostatic option that we recommend to be used before ;;other more dramatic or invasive options are chosenOBJECTIVES: Primary localized amyloidosis ;;of the urinary bladder generally has a benign course. ;;On the contrary, secondary amyloidosis, a consequence ;;of systemic amyloidosis, may have massive bleeding ;;and produce complications such as bladder rupture or ;;life-threatening hemodynamic problems requiring desperate ;;hemostatic procedures such as hypogastric artery ;;embolization or ligature, or cystectomy. We report one ;;case in which hemostasis was achieved by a Mickulicz ;;transurethral bladder tamponage. ;;METHODS: 58 year old female with very aggressive ;;rheumatoid arthritis and secondary renal amyloidosis ;;under chronic hemodialysis presenting with severe ;;hematuria after hip replacement. An inflamed bladder ;;was found, the biopsy of which showed edema in all ;;layers with blood vessel walls enlarged by amiloyd ;;deposits. After several unsuccessful transurethral hemostatic ;;procedures, intravesical formalin irrigation was carried ;;out together with a Mikulicz type gauze packaging after ;;urethral dilation. The gauze was withdrawn three days ;;later without bleeding recurrence; however she presented ;;subsequent neurological impairment and finally died 14 ;;days after the last urological procedure. ;;CONCLUSIONS: Transurethral packaging of the urinary ;;bladder in a woman with massive hematuria is a ;;hemostatic option that we recommend to be used before ;;other more dramatic or invasive options are chosen

[Surgical treatment of female urethral diverticula. Our experience. Bibliographic review]. / Tratamiento quirúrgico del divertículo uretral femenino. Nuestra experiencia. Revisión de la literatura.

OBJECTIVES: Female urethral divertilum is a rare disease; its diagnosis has increased with the use of new diagnostic technologies. It must be suspected in women consulting for chronic irritative symptoms without response to conventional treatments. Transvaginal surgical excision is the most accepted therapeutic option. We reviewed their clinical presentations, diagnostic findings, and therapeutic options and report our experience. METHODS/RESULTS: We retrospectively reviewed our case series, finding 4 patients with the diagnosis of female urethral diverticulum; we performed a bibliographic review. CONCLUSIONS: Urethral diverticulum is a rare clinical entity which has to be included in the differential diagnosis of women with chronic lower urinary tract symptoms. Clinical presentation may vary from asymptomatic to rich voiding symptoms. The most frequently used diagnostic method is voiding cystourethrogram; other techniques such as transvaginal ultrasound or MRI are very useful for complicated cases. Surgical treatment by transvaginal diverticulectomy with closure in several layers is the most frequent approach. Postoperative complications are rare.

Tratamiento quirúrgico del divertículo uretral femenino. Nuestra experiencia. Revisión de la literatura / Surgical treatment of female urethral diverticula. Our experience. Bibliographic review

OBJETIVO: El divertículo uretral femeninoes una patología de baja frecuencia y cuyo diagnósticose ha visto incrementado por el uso de nuevas técnicasdiagnósticas. Debe sospecharse ante mujeresque acuden a la consulta con sintomatología crónicairritativa sin respuesta a tratamientos convencionales. Laopción terapéutica más aceptada es la escisión transvaginaldel mismo. Revisamos su presentación clínica,aspectos diagnósticos y opciones terapéuticas presentandonuestra experiencia.MÉTODOS/RESULTADOS: Hemos realizado un estudioretrospectivo de nuestra casuística, localizando 4enfermas diagnosticadas de divertículo uretral femeninoy revisada la literatura científica al respecto.CONCLUSIONES: El divertículo uretral es una entidadclínica infrecuente que hay que tener en cuenta en todamujer con sintomatología crónica del tracto urinarioinferior. Su forma de presentación puede ser desdeasintomática hasta sintomatología miccional florida. Elmétodo diagnóstico más usado es la cistouretrografíamiccional, aceptando la gran utilidad de técnicascomo la ecografía transvaginal o la resonancia magnéticanuclear en casos complejos. El tratamiento quirúrgicomediante diverticulectomía transvaginal con cierreen varios planos es el abordaje más empleado. Lascomplicaciones postoperatorias son escasas

OBJECTIVES: Female urethral divertilumis a rare disease; its diagnosis has increased with theuse of new diagnostic technologies. It must be suspectedin women consulting for chronic irritative symptomswithout response to conventional treatments.Transvaginal surgical excision is the most acceptedtherapeutic option. We reviewed their clinical presentations,diagnostic findings, and therapeutic options and reportour experience.METHODS/RESULTS: We retrospectively reviewed ourcase series, finding 4 patients with the diagnosis offemale urethral diverticulum; we performed a bibliographicreview.CONCLUSIONS: Urethral diverticulum is a rare clinicalentity which has to be included in the differential diagnosisof women with chronic lower urinary tract symptoms.Clinical presentation may vary from asymptomatic torich voiding symptoms. The most frequently useddiagnostic method is voiding cystourethrogram; othertechniques such as transvaginal ultrasound or MRI arevery useful for complicated cases. Surgical treatment bytransvaginal diverticulectomy with closure in severallayers is the most frequent approach. Postoperativecomplications are rare

El sling de malla de prolene en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo. Tratamiento integral de las alteraciones del suelo pélvico. Resultados a largo plazo / The prolene mesh sling in the treatment of urinary stress incontinence. Comprehensive treatment of pelvic floor disorders. Long term results

OBJETIVOS: Evaluar los resultados del tratamiento integral de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo femenina, con sling de malla de prolene, asociando en el mismo acto quirúrgico la reparación ginecológica oportuna, según el tipo de disfunción perineal y prolapso. Analizar resultados clínicos, urodinámicos a corto y largo plazo, la repercusión sobre la calidad de vida y trascendencia económica de la incontinencia urinaria femenina. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo de 102 mujeres consecutivas, con incontinencia urinaria, iniciado en junio de 1996, cerrado en este análisis en Marzo de 2002, que prosigue en la actualidad. En todos los casos se recogieron antecedentes neurourológicos, radioterapia, oncológicos, ginecológicos y cirugías previas por incontinencia. Se realizó historia clínica, evaluando clínica miccional, tiempo de evolución de la incontinencia, y exploración física dirigida a los síntomas urinarios: in continencia, urgencia, urgencia-incontinencia, así como exploración ginecológica con valoración de cistocele, rectocele, prolapso, enterocele, y prolapso de bóveda según grados. Estudio urodinámico completo previo y postcirugía. Se indicó cirugía como procedimiento integral de reparación de la disfunción perineal en todos los casos con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, con la realización de sling con malla de prolene, histerectomía según prolapso, colpoperinerorrafia anterior, con o sin malla y posterior. Se evaluaron los resultados referidos a continencia urinaria, complicaciones, tratamiento de las mismas, en postoperatorio al alta, a los 6 meses y control anual que prosigue en la actualidad. RESULTADOS: La media de edad es de 63,8 años (2782 años, sd 11,2). El 39,3 por ciento de la muestra tiene una edad superior a los 70 años. La media de seguimiento es de 4,25 años (12-75 meses, sd 11,9). La incontinencia urinaria ha costado a cada enferma 2741,17 Euros (456.117 pesetas) en compresas. En el 32,3 por ciento de los casos existen factores de riesgo de fracaso para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la incontinencia urinaria y en el 18,8 por ciento de los casos la presión abdominal de fuga es inferior a 30 cm de agua. Inestabilidad vesical demostrada previamente se presentó en el 22,3 por ciento de los casos. Se practicaron 102 sling, 20 histerectomías, 26 plastias anteriores, 14 plastias posteriores, 10 mallas para reparación de cistocele, una malla posterior, dos promontopexias con malla para enterocele, lo que suponen 173 procedimientos quirúrgicos en 102 anestesias. Fueron necesarias 9 anestesias adicionales para tratamiento de complicaciones. Se ha conseguido continencia al esfuerzo hasta la fecha en el 99,01 por ciento de los casos a este seguimiento. Incontinencia de urgencia se presenta en el plazo del primer año de la cirugía en la mitad de las enfermas que la refieren previamente. La inestabilidad vesical postoperatoria la presentan 11 casos, de los cuales 7 la presentan previamente y de novo aparece en 4 casos. Complicaciones: Por exceso de tensión del sling, 5 casos precisaron sección-recomposición. Por defecto de tensión (sling inefectivo); 3 casos que precisaron tensión o recomposición. En 2 casos perforación vesical accidental tratada con cierre y derivación urinaria. En 1 caso infección- absceso en punto izdo de anclaje de malla, drenaje simple bajo anestesia local. Dolor suprapúbico, inguinal y rectal en 6 casos (8,1 por ciento), en todos ellos desparecido a los 9 meses. En 2 casos infección de herida. CONCLUSIONES: Se ha conseguido curación a largo plazo de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo mediante el sling con malla de prolene en prácticamente todos los casos (99,01 por ciento), incluyendo casos complejos. En un único procedimiento quirúrgico en el 91,1 por ciento, precisando procedimientos adicionales el 8,8 por ciento. Los resultados han sido perdurables en el tiempo en un seguimiento clínicouro dinámico de 4,25 años. La urgencia miccional referida en el 81 por ciento de mujeres con grandes prolapsos, se asocia a inestabilidad vesical demostrada en el 63 por ciento de los casos. Tanto la urgencia miccional como la inestabilidad vesical desaparece en todos los casos a excepción de uno, siendo este dato dependiente de la corrección de dicho prolapso, por ello, la corrección oportuna del prolapso pélvico juega un papel decisivo. La inestabilidad vesical de novo es muy poco frecuente (3,9 por ciento) y de aparición azarosa en esta serie (AU)

Obstrucción tras cirugía correctora de la incontinencia femenina de esfuerzo. Diagnóstico y tratamiento / Obstruction after female stress urinary incontinence corrective surgery. Diagnosis and treatment

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio es presentar nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la obstrucción del tracto urinario inferior secundaria a cirugía anti-incontinencia, analizando las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas realizadas, uretrolisis retropubiana o vaginal. MÉTODO: Presentamos una serie de 14 enfermas diagnosticadas de obstrucción tras cirugía antincontinencia. Se clasifican en dos grupos, las intervenidas con técnicas retropúbicas (5 casos) y a las que se practicó sling con malla de prolene (9 casos). Se detallan parámetros clínico-urodinámicos previos a dicha cirugía, y la confirmación de obstrucción del tracto urinario inferior post-cirugía antincontinencia. Se practicó uretrolisis retropúbica en todas las enfermas con antecedentes de cirugía retropubiana, asociando histerectomía si indicada. Se individualizó la realización de nueva resuspensión-sling. No se realizó resuspensión en tres casos . En los casos con sling se practicó sección del sling en una rama y en uno de los casos en ambas ramas. En dos casos se construyó un nuevo sling con malla, y dos casos no fueron intervenidos. Se valoró el resultado de la uretrolisis subjetivamente mediante escala de grado de satisfacción y objetivamente mediante evaluación clínico-urodinámica, comparando los datos clínicos y los parámetros del estudio urodinámico completo, con el correspondiente estudio estadístico. RESULTADOS: En el grupo de cirugía retropúbica todas las pacientes son continentes. El grado de satisfacción es: muy satisfechas 3 pacientes y 2 bastante satisfechas. Dos presentan urgencia miccional sin precisar anticolinérgicos, y los datos urodinámicos retornan a los valores normales sin residuo postmiccional. Las enfermas obstruidas por sling, tras la uretrolisis refieren en dos casos mínima urgencia miccional. Dos casos presentan incontinencia de esfuerzo, una de ellas, se encuentra mejor que previamente y no quiere una tercera cirugía; la otra, intervenida con nuevo sling, desarrolló un nuevo cuadro de urgencia-incontinencia, segunda sección y persiste incontinencia de esfuerzo. De las siete pacientes intervenidas, 4 están muy satisfechas, 1 bastante satisfecha, 1 ligeramente satisfecha y otra nada satisfecha. La dificultad miccional ha desaparecido en todos los casos y la comparación de los parámetros urodinámicos pre y post-uretrolisis demostraron que el flujo miccional máximo, presión del detrusora flujo máximo y residuo postmiccional tienen diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Los valores post-uretrolisis retornan a los valores pre-cirugía de incontinencia. CONCLUSIONES: La relación temporal inmediata clara entre la intervención antiincontinencia y la parición de la sintomatología es el mejor criterio diagnóstico de la obstrucción tras dicha cirugía. El detrusor responde a la obstrucción, pero la respuesta es, a veces, tan mínima, que hace difícil el diagnóstico urodinámico. El conocimiento de los valores previos a la cirugía ayuda a confirmar el diagnóstico. En cualquier caso, los parametros urodinámicos no han influido en el éxito de la uretrolisis. La uretrolisis es una técnica efectiva en conseguir la desaparición de la sintomatología producida tras la obstrucción por cirugía antiincontinencia. Cuando la técnica realizada ha sido un sling, posiblemente no merezca la pena realizar una uretrolisis reglada, la simple sección de una de las ramas del sling parece ser suficiente para mejorar la clínica. No existe en estos momentos seguridad científica sobre la conveniencia o no de resuspensión cervicouretral tras la uretrolisis. En el único caso que está claramente indicada es en aquel donde, además de sintomatología obstructiva, existe incontinencia de esfuerzo (AU)

[Prolene mesh sling in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Integral treatment of pelvic floor anomalies. Long-term results]. / El sling de malla de prolene en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo. Tratamiento integral de las alteraciones del suelo pélvico. Resultados a largo plazo.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the results of a comprehensive treatment of female stress urinary incontinence combining prolene mesh sling and proper gynaecologic repair depending on the kind of prolapse or pelvic floor dysfunction. To analyse short and long term clinical and urodynamic outcomes, and the effect on quality of life and economics associated with female urinary incontinence. METHODS: Prospective study including 102 consecutive patients with urinary incontinence; recruitment started in June 1996, ended in March 2002 for this analysis but it continues open currently. History of neurourologic disorders, radiotherapy, oncological diseases, gynaecological diseases and previous surgeries data were recorded in all subjects. History and physical examination were done evaluating urinary symptoms, duration of urinary incontinence, and urinary symptoms oriented examination (incontinence, urgency and urgency-incontinence), as well as gynaecological examination evaluating and grading cystocele, rectocele, uterine prolapse, enterocele and dome prolapse. Complete urodynamics were performed before and after surgery. Surgery was indicated as a complete pelvic floor dysfunction repair including prolene mesh sling in all cases with urinary stress incontinence, hysterectomy or not depending on the existence of prolapse, and anterior/posterior colpoperineorrhaphy with or without mesh. Results on urinary continence, complications and their treatment were evaluated in the postoperative period, on discharge, at 6 months and yearly thereafter. RESULTS: Average age was 63.8 years (27-82 years, SD 11.2). 39.3% of the patients were over age 70. Mean follow-up was 4.25 years (12-75 months, SD 11.9). The cost of pads for urinary incontinence was 2741.17 Euros per patient (456,117 pesetas). 32.3% of the patients had risk factors for urinary incontinence surgical treatment failure and 18.8% had a leak point pressure below 30 H20 cm. 22.3% cases presented with detrusor instability before surgery. 102 sling procedures, 20 hysterectomies, 26 anterior plasties, 14 posterior plasties, 10 mesh cystocele repair, 1 posterior mesh, and 2 enterocele sacral promontory fixation were performed, accounting a total of 173 surgical procedures during 102 anaesthesia procedures. 9 additional procedures were necessary for the treatment of complications. Stress continence was achieved in 99.01% cases. In half of the patients with preoperative urgency-incontinence it continued during the first postoperative year. 11 cases have postoperative bladder instability, 7 of which had it preoperatively and 4 were de novo. COMPLICATIONS: 5 cases needed sling section/reconfiguration because of excess tension (non effective sling). 3 cases needed sling tight stretching/reconfiguration because of less than adequate tension. 2 cases of accidental bladder performation were treated with primary closure and urinary diversion. One case of infection-abscess in the mesh left anchoring stitch was drained under local anaesthesia. There were 6 cases of suprapubic, inguinal and rectal pain (8.1%), in all of them it disappeared within 9 months. There were 2 cases of wound infection. CONCLUSIONS: The prolene mesh sling can offer long term cure for stress urinary incontinence in almost all cases (99.01%), including the complicated ones. 91.1% of the patients underwent one surgical procedure only, and 8.8% required additional procedures. Results stand the test of time with a clinical-urodynamic follow up of 4.25 years. The voiding urgency referred by 81% of the women with large prolapses is associated with demonstrated bladder instability in 63% of the cases. Voiding urgency as well as bladder instability disappeared in all cases but one, being this fact prolapse-correction dependent, so that pelvic prolapse correction plays a decisive role. De novo bladder instability is uncommon (3.9%) and appears randomly in this series.

[Obstruction following surgical repair of female stress urinary incontinence. Diagnosis and treatment]. / Obstrucción tras cirugía correctora de la incontinencia femenina de esfuerzo. Diagnóstico y tratamiento.

OBJECTIVES: To report our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of the lower urinary tract obstruction after urinary incontinence corrective surgery, analysing the different techniques performed, retropubic or vaginal urethrolysis. METHODS: We report a series of 14 patients with the diagnosis of obstruction after incontinence corrective surgery. They were classified in 2 groups, those who underwent retropubic procedures (5 cases) and those who underwent prolene mesh sling procedures (9 cases). We detail preoperative clinical-urodynamic parameters, and postoperative bladder outlet obstruction confirmation. Retropubic urethrolysis was performed in all patients after retropubic surgery, with the association of hysterectomy if indicated. The performance of a new sling- urethropexy was individualized. In three cases of retropubic surgery repeated urethropexy was not done. Unilateral section was performed in the sling series for all except one case of double section. A new mesh sling was performed in two cases; two cases did not undergo reoperation. Urethrolysis results were evaluated both subjectively by satisfaction degree scales and objectively by clinical-urodynamic evaluation, comparing clinical data and urodynamic parameters using the proper statistical test. RESULTS: In the retropubic surgery group all patients are continent. Satisfaction degree is: very satisfied 3 patients and 2 quite satisfied. Two presented with voiding urgency not needing anticholinergic drugs, and their urodynamic data returned to normal values without post void residual. The obstructed patients in the sling group reported minimal urgency after urethrolysis in 2 cases. Two patients have stress urinary incontinence: one of them is better than before and refused to undergo a new operation; the other one, who repeated sling, developed a clinical picture of urgency-incontinence again, underwent second section and continues having stress urinary incontinence. Among 7 patients undergoing sling, 4 are very satisfied, 1 quite satisfied, 1 somewhat satisfied and 1 not at all satisfied. Voiding difficulties have disappeared in all cases; comparisons between pre and postoperative urodynamics maximum flow, detrusor pressure at maximum flow and postvoid residual show statistically significant differences. Post-urethrolysis parameters return to preoperative values. CONCLUSIONS: The immediate development of symptoms after surgical correction of urinary stress incontinence is the best diagnostic criteria for obstruction. Detrusor muscle responds to obstruction, but sometimes its response is so minimal that it is difficult to diagnose urodynamically. The knowledge of preoperative values helps to confirm the diagnosis. In any case, urodynamic parameters did not influence the success of urethrolysis. Urethrolysis is an effective operation to cure symptoms secondary to obstruction after incontinence corrective surgery. When a sling has been the procedure performed, probably it is not worth to perform a standard urethrolysis; a simple section of one of the branches seems to be enough to improve symptoms. Currently, there is not scientific evidence about the convenience or not of bladder neck-urethral re-suspension after urethrolysis. The only case-scenario in which it is clearly indicated is that when there is stress incontinence in addition to obstructive symptoms.