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1.
Nutr Hosp ; 23(2): 148-58, 2008.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18449451

ABSTRACT

The percentage of fat of a variety of foods served in fast food establishments has been determined. This percentage is very variable, with mean contents of total fat of 35.83 +/- 10.68% in beef hamburgers, 35.84 +/- 8.66% in chips, 23.02 +/- 5.07% in chicken hamburgers and 34.02 +/- 13.49% in "hot dogs". The lipidic composition is mainly formed by saturated fatty acids (28-52% of total fat) and monounsaturated (46-48%), whereas the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids showed more variable values, ranging from 6.9% in beef hamburgers to 25.1% in chips. Statistical treatment of the results of relative percentage of fatty acids by multivariate methods revealed clusters of samples grouped as a function of the type of food and in some instances of its source, which can be interesting in case of healthy problems. Percentages of trans fatty acids slightly higher than the maximum recommended values have been detected in some cases. These results show the urgent need of modifying the laws to force fast food establishments to specify the type and amounts of fat used in the processing of these foods, as well as a greater control from the local administrations.


Subject(s)
Fats/analysis , Food Analysis , Multivariate Analysis
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 23(2): 148-158, mar.-abr. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68153

ABSTRACT

Se determina el porcentaje de grasa, de diversos alimentos servidos en establecimientos de los denominados genéricamente de comida rápida ("fast food") o "hamburgueserías". Dicho porcentaje es muy variable, con un promedio del 35,83 ± 10,68% en hamburguesas de vacuno, 35,84 ± 8,66% en patatas fritas, el 23,02 ± 5,07% en hamburguesas de pollo y el 34,02 ± 13,49% en los denominados "perritos calientes". La composición lipídica está formada en su mayoría por ácidos grasos saturados (28 a 52% relativo al total de grasa y monoinsaturados (46-48%), mientras que la proporción de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados tiene valores más dispares, oscilando desde el 6,9% en hamburguesas de vacuno al 25,1% en las patatas fritas. Cuando se tratan los resultados de los porcentajes relativos de los ácidos grasos contenidos en las distintas muestras mediante técnicas estadísticas apropiadas, se comprueba que se generan una serie de agrupaciones en función del tipo de alimento de que se trate y en algunos casos por lugar de origen, lo que puede ser interesante en caso de problemas relacionados con la salud. En algún caso se han detectado porcentajes ligeramente altos de ácidos grasos trans, respecto a lo recomendado. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la necesidad urgente de que la legislación obligue a especificar el tipo de grasa exacta utilizada en la elaboración de estos alimentos, así como un mayor control por parte de las administraciones (AU)


The percentage of fat of a variety of foods served in fast food establishments has been determined. This percentage is very variable, with mean contents of total fat of 35.83 ± 10.68% in beef hamburgers, 35.84 ± 8.66% in chips, 23.02 ± 5.07% in chicken hamburgers and 34.02 ± 13.49% in "hot dogs". The lipidic composition is mainly formed by saturated fatty acids (28-52% of total fat) and monounsaturated (46-48%), whereas the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids showed more variable values, ranging from 6.9% in beef hamburgers to 25.1% in chips. Statistical treatment of the results of relative percentage of fatty acids by multivariate methods revealed clusters of samples grouped as a function of the type of food and in some instances of its source, which can be interesting in case of healthy problems. Percentages of trans fatty acids slightly higher than the maximum recommended values have been detected in some cases. These results show the urgent need of modifying the laws to force fast food establishments to specify the type and amounts of fat used in the processing of these foods, as well as a greater control from the local administrations (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Dietary Fats/analysis , Food Analysis/methods , Fatty Acids/analysis , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/analysis , Trans Fatty Acids/analysis
3.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 25(3): 9-16, mayo-jun. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-036795

ABSTRACT

Se ha llevado a cabo la determinación del contenido en colesterol y de la composición en ácidos grasos en una serie de muestras de los distintos grupos de la rueda de los alimentos(plásticos, reguladores, mixtos y grasos) con el fin de obtener datos que permitan completar algunas observadas en las tablas de composición de estos alimentos. Se ha establecido de este modo la singularidad de los mariscos por su alto contenido en colesterol, o del salmón que contiene la mayor proporción de C16:1 de todas las muestras analizadas y el menor porcentaje de C16:0, junto con los frutos secos. El análisis estadístico de los resultados obtenidos ha permitido diferenciarla contribución de los ácidos grasos insaturados por un lado y la de los saturados por otro. Además, mediante el análisis en componentes principales y cluster, se ha conseguido establecer una serie de agrupaciones en familias muy semejantes a las de la rueda de los alimentos (AU)


Cholesterol amount and fatty acids percentage were determined in samples representing several groups of food (regulators, mixed and fatty foods). The aim was to complete some of the gaps observed in the composition tables for these foods. Shellfish were found to have exceptionally high cholesterol content. Salmon was observed to have the highest C16:1 ratio and the lowestC16:0 proportion, together with nuts. Statistical analysis of the results allowed the differential contribution of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. By means of principal component and cluster analysis it was possible to establish series of groups for the foods analysed. These groups were highly consistent with the know families of the food (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cholesterol, Dietary/analysis , Fatty Acids/analysis , Food Analysis/methods , Table of Food Composition/methods , Chromatography , Fluorescence
4.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 22(1): 1-7, ene. 2002. tab, ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-14204

ABSTRACT

Se ha llevado a cabo la determinación de los macroelementos Ca y Mg, los microelementos Cu, Fe, Zn y Mn y el oligoelemento Ni, en una serie de muestras de alimentos, que abarcan los distintos grupos de la rueda alimentaria: plásticos, mixtos, reguladores y grasos. Con ello se pretende completar algunas lagunas observadas en las tablas alimentarias con muestras consumidas en nuestro entorno. Al someter los resultados a un análisis en componentes principales (ACP), se observa que las variables (metales) se dividen en dos grupos: Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn por un lado y por otro Mn y Ni. Por lo que se refiere a las muestras (alimentos) se observan agrupaciones por familias. En el análisis cluster se vuelve a observar una agrupación similar de los metales, mientras que los alimentos forman siete grupos: en el primero aparecen huevos y verduras, en el segundo los frutos secos, en el tercero los cefalópodos, en el cuarto los aceites, en el quinto las frutas, en el sexto los pescados y las ancas de rana y en el séptimo los crustáceos. (AU)


Subject(s)
Diet, Macrobiotic , Trace Elements/administration & dosage , Calcium/administration & dosage , Magnesium/administration & dosage , Calcification, Physiologic/physiology , Food/classification , Food , Microwaves/therapeutic use , Metals, Heavy/analysis , 24961 , 24439 , Diet/classification
5.
Z Naturforsch C J Biosci ; 50(3-4): 241-247, 1995 Apr 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37978782

ABSTRACT

The enzyme aspartate aminotransferase has been isolated from the halophilic bacterium Haloferax mediterranei in its apoenzyme form. The interaction with its coenzyme (pyridoxal phosphate) has been investigated. For concentrations up to 0.05 mᴍ, the incubation with pyridoxal phosphate reconstituted the active complex (holoenzyme) following a second order kinetic with a k2 of 5.2 min-1mᴍ-1. This active complex showed a dissociation constant (Kd) of 7.8 x 10-6 ᴍ. For concentrations higher than 0.1 mᴍ, pyridoxal phosphate produced an inactivation process with a complex second order kinetic. This inactivation is partially reverted by dialysis or by lysine treatment. Thus, after 80% of inactivation, 55% of the original activity is recovered by a long-time dialysis, and with 50 mᴍ lysine also a partial reactivation (among 20-33%) is observed. The enzyme treated with 1 mᴍ pyridoxal phosphate has a different behavior in Sepharose chromatography indicating that the modified enzyme presents a smaller size due to a conformational change.

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