Influence of water on the microscopic dynamics of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate studied by means of quasielastic neutron scattering.

We present a systematic study on the effect of water on the microscopic dynamics of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate by means of quasielastic neutron scattering. By mixing the ionic liquid with either heavy or light water, the different contributions to the quasielastic broadening could be identified and treated separately. This study was performed at room temperature, which is more than 15 °C above the demixing line. Our results show that even small amounts of water accelerate the diffusion mechanisms considerably. While samples with small water percentage reveal a diffusion process confined within ionic liquid nanodomains, an admixture of more than 15 wt. % water relieves the confinement. Furthermore, the presence of two water species was identified: one behaving as free water, whereas the other was interpreted as a component bound to the ionic liquid motion. Based on the fact that water preferentially binds to the BF4 anion, which itself has a negligible contribution to the scattered intensity, our experiments reveal unprecedented information about the microscopic anion dynamics.

[Penetrating orbitocranial injury after trivial eyelid trauma: a case report]. / Lesión órbito-craneal penetrante tras traumatismo palpebral mínimo: a propósito de un caso.

CASE REPORT: We report a patient who, while in a drunken state, sustained a cerebral hemorrhage associated with an apparently trivial eyelid injury after an aggressive attack with a metallic object. DISCUSSION: Any apparently trivial eyelid injury may be associated with serious cerebral lesions. Making a correct diagnosis that distinguishes between that of drunkenness and an organic injury is essential, because failure to do so may result in both clinical and legal repercussions.

Correlated atomic motions in liquid deuterium fluoride studied by coherent quasielastic neutron scattering.

The collective dynamics of liquid deuterium fluoride are studied by means of high-resolution quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering over a range of four decades in energy transfer. The spectra show a low-energy coherent quasielastic component which arises from correlated stochastic motions as well as a broad inelastic feature originating from overdamped density oscillations. While these results are at variance with previous works which report on the presence of propagating collective modes, they are fully consistent with neutron diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared/Raman experiments on this prototypical hydrogen-bonded fluid.

Evidence of the presence of opticlike collective modes in a liquid from neutron scattering experiments.

Inelastic neutron scattering data from liquid DF close to the melting point show, in addition to spectra comprising quasielastic and heavily damped acoustic motions, an intense, nondispersive band centered at about 27 meV along with a broader higher energy feature. Observation of the former band provides the first direct verification of the existence within the liquid state of collective opticlike excitations as predicted by molecular dynamics simulations. The latter corresponds to mainly reorientational motions assigned from mode eigenvector analysis carried out by computer simulations.

[Severe bilateral ocular affection caused by vitamin A deficiency]. / Afectación ocular severa bilateral por déficit de vitamina A.

CASE REPORT: We report a patient with alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis, with associated caloric-protein malnutrition and lipid soluble vitamin deficiencies, along with peripheral ulcerative keratitis in the right eye and necrotizing stromal ulceration with hyphema in the left eye. DISCUSSION: Although uncommon in developed countries, Vitamin A deficiency must be considered when there is a bilateral corneal affection in alcoholic patients or in patients with gastrointestinal, pancreatic or biliary pathology.

Afectación ocular severa bilateral por déficit de vitamina A / Severe bilateral ocular affection caused by vitamin A deficiency

Caso clínico: Se presenta un paciente con pancreatitis crónica alcohólica con una queratitis ulcerativa periférica (QUP) en el ojo derecho (OD) y una úlcera estromal necrotizante e hifema en el ojo izquierdo (OI) asociadas a una malnutrición calórico-proteica con déficit de vitaminas liposolubles.Discusión: Aunque es raro en los países desarrollados, debe considerarse el déficit de vitamina A ante afectación corneal bilateral en pacientes alcohólicos, con patología gastrointestinal, pancreática o de la vía biliar

Case report: We report a patient with alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis, with associated caloric-protein malnutrition and lipid soluble vitamin deficiencies, along with peripheral ulcerative keratitis in the right eye and necrotizing stromal ulceration with hyphema in the left eye. Discussion: Although uncommon in developed countries, Vitamin A deficiency must be considered when there is a bilateral corneal affection in alcoholic patients or in patients with gastrointestinal, pancreatic or biliary pathology

Úlcera corneal bilateral como consecuencia de malnutrición calóricoprotéica y déficit de vitamina A en un paciente con alcoholismo crónico, pancreatitis crónica y colecistostomía / Bilateral corneal ulceration as a result of energy-protein hyponutrition and vitamin a deficit in a patient with chronic alcoholism, chronic pancreatitis and cholecystostomy

Desde el descubrimiento de las vitaminas ha existido un creciente interés por relacionar las vitaminas con ciertas enfermedades. Para la vitamina A en particular se ha determinado su singular importancia en múltiples funciones vitales y su relación con enfermedades tanto por déficit como por exceso esta ahora completamente demostrada. En países desarrollados las enfermedades por déficit vitamínicos han disminuido de manera importante; sin embargo en pacientes con características particulares deben tenerse siempre presente. Se trata de un hombre de 45 años, con antecedentes de alcoholismo crónico, pancreatitis crónica, diabetes mellitus no insulinodependiente y colecistostomía con alto drenaje biliar secundario a colecistitis enfisematosa y absceso perivesicular. Consulta por dolor ocular bilateral, fotofobia y disminución de la agudeza visual además de una historia de heces pastosas, pegajosas y malolientes. Ingresa a cargo de Oftalmología y diagnostican úlcera córneal bilateral. Cursan una interconsulta al Servicio de Nutrición por presencia de caquexia. Se detecta malnutrición calórica severa y proteica leve con IMC de 18,2 y pérdida del 23% de su peso habitual en los últimos 6 meses, déficit de vitaminas liposolubles (A, D y E), malabsorción grasa leve y anemia macrocítica é hipocrómica. Suplementamos la dieta del paciente con una formula hiperproteica e hipercalórica especial para diabéticos, se administran las vitaminas deficitarias, enzimas pancreáticas para mejorar la malabsorción y se controlan las glucemias con insulina. Cuatro meses después paciente es evaluado y presenta un IMC de 20, la anemia esta resuelta y desde el punto de vista oftalmológico evoluciona favorablemente, las ulceras mejoran y la agudeza visual se recupera casi por completo. En pacientes alcohólicos crónicos con un nivel bajo de ingesta y complicaciones clínicas con repercusiones nutricionales (pancreatitis que produce malabsorción o colecistostomia con drenaje biliar percutáneo) no debemos olvidar que los déficits de micronutrientes pueden explicar la etiología de otras patologías asociadas en este caso las ulceras cornéales (AU)

Since the discovery of vitamins, there has been an increasing interest at relating vitamins with particular diseases. In particular, for vitamin A its singular importance has been determined in multiple vital functions, and its relationship with diseases, both in deficit and in excess, is nowadays completely demonstrated. In developed countries, vitamin deficiency-related diseases have been greatly reduced; however, in some patients with particular features they must be kept in mind. This is the case of a 45 year-old man, with a history of chronic alcoholism, non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and cholecystectomy with a high biliary drainage secondary to emphysematous cholecystitis and perivesicular abscess. He complains of bilateral ocular pain, photophobia, and decreased visual acuity besides a history of pasty, sticky and foul-smelling feces. He is admitted in the Ophthalmology Department and bilateral corneal ulceration is diagnosed. A consultation to the Nutrition Department is made because of cachexia. Severe caloric and mil protein hyponutrition is observed with a BMI of 18.2 and a 23% weight loss for the last 6 months, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) deficit, mild fat malabsorption, and macrocytic and hypochromic anemia. The patient's diet is supplemented with a special hyperproteinic and hypercaloric diet for diabetics, deficient vitamins and pancreatic enzymes to improve absorption are administered, and glycemia is controlled with insulin. Four months later, the patient is assessed and has a BMI of 20, anemia has resolved and from an ophthalmologic viewpoint the course is favorable, the ulcers improve and visual acuity is almost completely recovered. In chronic alcoholic patients with a low dietary intake and clinical complications with nutritional repercussions (pancreatitis that produces malabsorption or cholecystectomy with biliary percutaneous drainage) we should not forget that micronutrients deficits may explain the etiology of other associated diseases, in the present case corneal ulceration (AU)

[Bilateral corneal ulceration as a result of caloric-protein malnutrition and vitamin A deficit in a patient with chronic alcoholism, chronic pancreatitis and cholecystostomy]. / Ulcera corneal bilateral como consecuencia de malnutrición calórico- protéica y déficit de vitamina A en un paciente con alcoholismo crónico, pancreatitis crónica y colecistostomía.

Since the discovery of vitamins, there has been an increasing interest at relating vitamins with particular diseases. In particular, for vitamin A its singular importance has been determined in multiple vital functions, and its relationship with diseases, both in deficit and in excess, is nowadays completely demonstrated. In developed countries, vitamin deficiency-related diseases have been greatly reduced; however, in some patients with particular features they must be kept in mind. This is the case of a 45 year-old man, with a history of chronic alcoholism, non insulin-dependent diabetes meIlitus and cholecystectomy with a high biliary drainage secondary to emphysematous cholecystitis and perivesicular abscess. He complains of bilateral ocular pain, photophobia, and decreased visual acuity besides a history of pasty, sticky and foul-smelling feces. He is admitted in the Ophthalmology Department and bilateral corneal ulceration is diagnosed. A consultation to the Nutrition Department is made because of cachexia. Severe caloric and mil protein hyponutrition is observed with a BMI of 18.2 and a 23% weight loss for the last 6 months, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) deficit, mild fat malabsorption, and macrocytic and hypochromic anemia. The patient's diet is supplemented with a special hyperproteinic and hypercaloric diet for diabetics, deficient vitamins and pancreatic enzymes to improve absorption are administered, and glycemia is controlled with insulin. Four months later, the patient is assessed and has a BMI of 20, anemia has resolved and from an ophthalmologic viewpoint the course is favorable, the ulcers improve and visual acuity is almost completely recovered. In chronic alcoholic patients with a low dietary intake and clinical complications with nutritional repercussions (pancreatitis that produces malabsorption or cholecystectomy with biliary percutaneous drainage) we should not forget that micronutrients deficits may explain the etiology of other associated diseases, in the present case corneal ulceration.

Adenocarcinoma de intestino delgado asociado con cáncer colorrectal: a propósito de dos casos / Small bowel adenocarcinoma associated with colorectal cancer: report of two cases

- Propósito: destacar el difícil manejo terapéutico de los tumores de intestino delgado y su poco frecuente asociación con el cáncer de colon.- Material y métodos: se presenta el caso de dos pacientes con un tumor de intestino delgado que también desarrollaron un cáncer de colon.- Conclusiones: la quimioterapia adyuvante en el cáncer de intestino delgado no está claramente establecida. La asociación de ambos tumores es poco frecuente y se desconocen los mecanismos genéticos (AU)

Hemangioma cavernoso gigante de la bóveda craneal. Comunicación de un caso

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Experiencia del Hospital Universitario de Salamanca en el tratamiento sistémico adyuvante del cáncer de mama locorregional. Resultados de un protocolo asistencial tras 7 años de seguimiento / Salamanca University Hospital experience in the adjuvant systemic treatment of loco-regional breast cancer. Results of a medical assistance protocol of a seven-year follow-up

- Objetivos: evaluar la eficacia en términos de supervivencia libre de enfermedad (SLE) y supervivencia global (SG) y toxicidad de un protocolo asistencial para el tratamiento sistémico adyuvante del cáncer de mama.- Material y métodos: estudio prospectivo con 308 pacientes. Se diseñó un esquema de tratamiento escalonado en relación a grupos de riesgo, factores pronósticos asociados y factores biológicos. Las pacientes recibieron 4 esquemas de tratamiento diferentes (Tamoxifeno y/o quimioterapia sin antraciclinas o uno de los dos esquemas con antraciclinas con diferente intensidad de dosis).- Resultados: mediana de seguimiento: 7 años. La SLE y SG (ñ E.E.) fue: pacientes con ganglios negativos: 86 por ciento (ñ2 por ciento) y 91 por ciento (ñ2 por ciento) respectivamente; pacientes con ganglios positivos: 64 por ciento (ñ3) y 82 por ciento (ñ3). La SLE y la SG de todo el grupo fue del 75 por ciento (ñ2) y del 87 por ciento (ñ1) respectivamente. La principal toxicidad encontrada fue la hematológica en las pacientes tratadas con quimioterapia.- Conclusiones: El protocolo diseñado se ajusta a cada una de las pacientes en relación a los principales grupos de riesgo y factores pronósticos, de manera que se consigue optimizar la utilización y la selección de los diferentes agentes, tipos de quimioterapia e intensidad de dosis, evitando toxicidades innecesarias y alcanzando altos índices de eficacia en términos de SLE (AU)

[Bilateral carotid occlusion in young woman. Clinical and hemodynamic ocular results]. / Oclusión carotídea en mujer joven. Consecuencias oculares clínicas y hemodinámicas.

CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 44-year-old woman, with a history of cigarette smoking (60 per day) and hyperthyroidism. She presented a bilateral ocular ischemic syndrome, and a bilateral occlusive carotid artery disease which showed reverse ophthalmic artery flow that resulted in a steal phenomenon, characterized by a shunt to the low resistance intracranial circuits and reduction of blood flow to the eyes. DISCUSSION: Young patients with severe bilateral occlusive carotid artery disease may be at greater risk of developing ocular ischemic syndrome, while this reverse flow decreases the patient's risk of stroke and death.

Oclusión carotídea en mujer joven. Consecuencias oculares clínicas y hemodinámicas / Bilateral carotid occlusion in young woman. Clinical and hemodynamic ocular results

Caso clínico: Describimos el caso de una mujer de 44 años, fumadora de 60 cig./día y con antecedentes de hipertiroidismo. Presentó un síndrome de isquemia ocular en ambos ojos (AO) por oclusión de carótidas internas que originó un flujo retrógrado en ambas arterias oftálmicas, produciendo un fenómeno de robo caracterizado por un shunt a los circuitos intracraneales de baja resistencia y una reducción en el aporte sanguíneo a los ojos. Discusión: Los pacientes jóvenes con obstrucción carotídea bilateral severa tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar un síndrome de isquemia ocular, mientras este flujo retrógrado parece reducir su riesgo de infarto cerebral o muerte (AU)

Case report: We report the case of a 44-year-old woman, with a history of cigarette smoking (60 per day) and hyperthyroidism. She presented a bilateral ocular ischemic syndrome, and a bilateral occlusive carotid artery disease which showed reverse ophthalmic artery flow that resulted in a steal phenomenon, characterized by a shunt to the low resistance intracranial circuits and reduction of blood flow to the eyes. Discussion: Young patients with severe bilateral occlusive carotid artery disease may be at greater risk of developing ocular ischemic syndrome, while this reverse flow decreases the patient’s risk of stroke and death (AU)