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1.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 70(8): e20240263, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39166676

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the expression profile of genes (APOE, FTO, and LPL) associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in subjects with concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: A total of 690 subjects were categorized into control, AF without MetS, and AF with MetS. RESULTS: The expression profiles of the APOE, FTO, and LPL genes were decreased in AF subjects and AF subjects with MetS as compared to the controls. In AF without the MetS group, an inverse relationship was found between the expression of the LPL gene with body mass index (BMI) and a positive relationship with creatine kinase-MB, whereas expression of the FTO gene was inversely associated with fasting blood glucose and positively with cardiac troponin I in AF suffering from MetS. Expression of the LPL gene was directly linked with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), whereas an inverse correlation with heart rate and expression of the FTO gene in AF with MetS were shown. The expression of the LPL gene was inversely related to BMI in subjects with AF. The expression of the LPL gene was positively correlated with SBP and HDL-C and negatively correlated with heart rate, while the expression of the FTO gene was an important predictor of AF with MetS. CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of APOE, FTO, and LPL genes in AF with and without MetS indicates their potential contributing role in the pathogenesis of AF.


Subject(s)
Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO , Apolipoproteins E , Atrial Fibrillation , Body Mass Index , Lipoprotein Lipase , Metabolic Syndrome , Humans , Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO/genetics , Atrial Fibrillation/genetics , Male , Female , Case-Control Studies , Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Metabolic Syndrome/genetics , Middle Aged , Lipoprotein Lipase/genetics , Aged , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Blood Pressure/genetics , Blood Glucose/analysis
2.
PLoS One ; 19(5): e0302784, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38758758

ABSTRACT

To analyze and study the behaviour of the shallow water waves, the perturbed Boussinesq equation has acquired fundamental importance. The principal objective of this paper is to manifest the exact traveling wave solution of the perturbed Boussinesq equation by two well known techniques named as, two variables [Formula: see text] expansion method and generalized projective Riccati equations method. A diverse array of soliton solutions, encompassing periodic, bright solitons, singular solitons and bright singular solitons are obtained by the applications of proposed techniques. The constraint conditions for newly constructed solutions are also specified. To enhance comprehension, the numerical illustrations of constructed solutions have been represented using surface plots, 2D plots and density plots. The results delineated in this paper transcend existing analysis, offering a novel, well-structured, and modern perspective. The solutions obtained not only enrich understanding of shallow water wave models but also exhibit efficacy in providing detailed descriptions of their dynamics.


Subject(s)
Models, Theoretical , Algorithms , Water/chemistry
3.
Chemosphere ; 357: 141868, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38593957

ABSTRACT

Antibiotics, as a class of environmental pollutants, pose a significant challenge due to their persistent nature and resistance to easy degradation. This study delves into modeling and optimizing conventional Fenton degradation of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and total organic carbon (TOC) under varying levels of H2O2, Fe2+ concentration, pH, and temperature using statistical and artificial intelligence techniques including Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). In statistical metrics, the ANN model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy compared to its counterparts, with lowest RMSE values of 0.986 and 1.173 for SMX and TOC removal, respectively. Sensitivity showcased H2O2/Fe2+ ratio, time and pH as pivotal for SMX degradation, while in simultaneous SMX and TOC reduction, fine tuning the time, pH, and temperature was essential. Leveraging a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Desirability Optimization approach, the trained ANN model revealed an optimal desirability of 0.941 out of 1000 solutions which yielded a 91.18% SMX degradation and 87.90% TOC removal under following specific conditions: treatment time of 48.5 min, Fe2+: 7.05 mg L-1, H2O2: 128.82 mg L-1, pH: 5.1, initial SMX: 97.6 mg L-1, and a temperature: 29.8 °C. LC/MS analysis reveals multiple intermediates with higher m/z (242, 270 and 288) and lower m/z (98, 108, 156 and 173) values identified, however no aliphatic hydrocarbon was isolated, because of the low mineralization performance of Fenton process. Furthermore, some inorganic fragments like NH4+ and NO3- were also determined in solution. This comprehensive research enriches AI modeling for intricate Fenton-based contaminant degradation, advancing sustainable antibiotic removal strategies.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Artificial Intelligence , Hydrogen Peroxide , Iron , Neural Networks, Computer , Sulfamethoxazole , Sulfamethoxazole/chemistry , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Iron/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Temperature
4.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.);70(8): e20240263, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569463

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the expression profile of genes (APOE, FTO, and LPL) associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in subjects with concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: A total of 690 subjects were categorized into control, AF without MetS, and AF with MetS. RESULTS: The expression profiles of the APOE, FTO, and LPL genes were decreased in AF subjects and AF subjects with MetS as compared to the controls. In AF without the MetS group, an inverse relationship was found between the expression of the LPL gene with body mass index (BMI) and a positive relationship with creatine kinase-MB, whereas expression of the FTO gene was inversely associated with fasting blood glucose and positively with cardiac troponin I in AF suffering from MetS. Expression of the LPL gene was directly linked with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), whereas an inverse correlation with heart rate and expression of the FTO gene in AF with MetS were shown. The expression of the LPL gene was inversely related to BMI in subjects with AF. The expression of the LPL gene was positively correlated with SBP and HDL-C and negatively correlated with heart rate, while the expression of the FTO gene was an important predictor of AF with MetS. CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of APOE, FTO, and LPL genes in AF with and without MetS indicates their potential contributing role in the pathogenesis of AF.

5.
J Pediatr ; 270: 113774, 2023 Oct 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37839510

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine if oral secretions (OS) can be used as a noninvasively collected body fluid, in lieu of tracheal aspirates (TA), to track respiratory status and predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) development in infants born <32 weeks. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective, single center cohort study that included data and convenience samples from week-of-life (WoL) 3 from 2 independent preterm infant cohorts. Using previously banked samples, we applied our sample-sparing, high-throughput proteomics technology to compare OS and TA proteomes in infants born <32 weeks admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (Cohort 1; n = 23 infants). In a separate similar cohort, we mapped the BPD-associated changes in the OS proteome (Cohort 2; n = 17 infants including 8 with BPD). RESULTS: In samples collected during the first month of life, we identified 607 proteins unique to OS, 327 proteins unique to TA, and 687 overlapping proteins belonging to pathways involved in immune effector processes, neutrophil degranulation, leukocyte mediated immunity, and metabolic processes. Furthermore, we identified 37 OS proteins that showed significantly differential abundance between BPD cases and controls: 13 were associated with metabolic and immune dysregulation, 10 of which (eg, SERPINC1, CSTA, BPI) have been linked to BPD or other prematurity-related lung disease based on blood or TA investigations, but not OS. CONCLUSIONS: OS are a noninvasive, easily accessible alternative to TA and amenable to high-throughput proteomic analysis in preterm newborns. OS samples hold promise to yield actionable biomarkers of BPD development, particularly for prospective categorization and timely tailored treatment of at-risk infants with novel therapies.

6.
Psychol Sci ; 34(12): 1350-1362, 2023 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37906163

ABSTRACT

Words and the concepts they represent vary across languages. Here we ask if mother-tongue concepts are altered by learning a second language. What happens when speakers of Tsimane', a language with few consensus color terms, learn Bolivian Spanish, a language with more terms? Three possibilities arise: Concepts in Tsimane' may remain unaffected, or they may be remapped, either by Tsimane' terms taking on new meanings or by borrowing Bolivian-Spanish terms. We found that adult bilingual speakers (n = 30) remapped Tsimane' concepts without importing Bolivian-Spanish terms into Tsimane'. All Tsimane' terms become more precise; for example, concepts of monolingual shandyes and yushñus (~green or blue, used synonymously by Tsimane' monolinguals; n = 71) come to reflect the Bolivian-Spanish distinction of verde (~green) and azul (~blue). These results show that learning a second language can change the concepts in the first language.


Subject(s)
Language , Multilingualism , Adult , Humans , Learning , Bolivia , Health Status
7.
PLoS One ; 18(2): e0281318, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36795692

ABSTRACT

This article deals with studying the dynamical behavior of the DNA model proposed by Peyrard and Bishop. The proposed model is investigated using the unified method (UM). Unified method successfully extracts solutions in the form of polynomial and rational functions. The solitary wave solutions and soliton solutions are constructed. An investigation of modulation instability is also presented in this paper. 3D and 2D plots are presented to exhibit the physical behavior of some of the obtained solutions.


Subject(s)
DNA , Nonlinear Dynamics , Algorithms
8.
Sci Total Environ ; 863: 161004, 2023 Mar 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36543270

ABSTRACT

Heavy metal contamination in raw materials has spread widely in the United States. The high increased number of recalls in consumer products and the lack of stricter regulations in the raw materials to be used in the jewelry industry have raised concerns among consumers. Studies in low-cost jewelry have shown the presence and high content of heavy metals; this environmental problem led to a child's death after swallowing a charm containing elevated levels of lead (Pb). Exposure to heavy metals, through inhalation, mouth, and skin contact, causes adverse health effects in children and adults. Exposure to lead affects mainly the nervous system and brain development; exposure to cadmium (Cd) causes damage to liver, kidneys, and lungs, and potentially leads to cancer; exposure to nickel (Ni) causes severe dermatitis. Thus, the importance and impact of studies of this nature cannot be overstated. As heavy metal contamination has increased in the United States, this research fills an important knowledge gap between previous studies conducted on low-cost jewelry and fine jewelry. In this study, conducted in the Paso del Norte region, one hundred and forty-three pieces of fine jewelry were evaluated for the presence of heavy metals using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Our study showed that 61 samples (42.7 %) exhibited the presence of Ni in the metal alloy, prevailing in jewelry pieces with lower percentage of gold. Eighteen samples showed the presence of Pb in gemstones, 11 pieces of these samples (7.7 % total) had <33.3 % gold (≤10 K); however, none of the samples showed the presence of Pb in the metal alloy. Further research is needed to evaluate the bioaccessibility of Pb in these gemstones, which may pose a potential health hazard to children and adults in the US Paso del Norte region and throughout the world.


Subject(s)
Jewelry , Metals, Heavy , Child , Humans , United States , Lead , Mexico , Play and Playthings , Metals, Heavy/toxicity , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Cadmium/analysis , Nickel , Gold , Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission , Alloys , Environmental Monitoring , Risk Assessment
9.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 60: e201873, 2023. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1436923

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the protective efficacy of probiotics supplementation against cigarette smoke-induced lung emphysema, inflammation, and loss of cilia in mice. Probiotics are known to promote mucosal tolerance and mitigate respiratory injuries. Twenty-four adult mice were randomly divided into three groups: control (Ctr), cigarette smoke (CS), and cigarette smoke + probiotics (CS+P). Probiotics were given for 7 days before exposure to smoke in the CS+P group. Tissue samples of the trachea (goblet cell count and index, loss of cilia), lungs (airspace distention), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected and processed. The results showed a significant increase in acidic and neutral goblet cells in the CS group compared to the Ctr and CS+P groups (P < 0.05). Overall, goblet cell number and index were lower in the CS+P group (41.71 ± 5.76, 0.67 ± 0.073) than CS group (56.28 ± 5.34, 1.31 ± 0.28). Inflammatory cells and loss of cilia significantly decreased in mice fed probiotics before exposure to cigarette smoke (P < 0.05). Lung emphysema was also significantly reduced in the CS+P group compared to the CS group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of probiotics reduced lung emphysema, inflammatory cells, goblet cell index, and loss of cilia under conditions of cigarette smoke exposure in mice.(AU)


O presente trabalho avaliou a eficácia da suplementação com probióticos contra a indução de enfisema, inflamação e perda de cílios por fumaça de cigarro em camundongos. Sabe-se que os probióticos promovem a tolerância da mucosa e mitigam as injúrias respiratórias. Vinte e quatro camundongos foram divididos, ao acaso, em três grupos: controle (CTR), fumaça de cigarro (CS) e fumaça de cigarro + probióticos (CS+P). Os probióticos foram fornecidos por sete dias antes da exposição à fumaça no grupo CS+P. Foram colhidas e processadas amostras de tecidos da traqueia (contagem de células caliciformes e index, perda de cílios), pulmões (distensão do espaço aéreo) e fluido de lavagem broncoalveolar. Os resultados obtidos revelaram um aumento significativo em células caliciformes acidificadas e neutralizadas no grupo CS quando comparado aos grupos Ctr e CS+P (P<0,05). Os números global e o índice de células caliciformes foram menores no grupo CS+P (41,71+ 5,76; 0,67+ 0,073) que no grupo CS (56,28+ 5,34 e 1,131+ 0,28). As células inflamatórias e a perda de cílios decresceram em camundongos alimentados com probióticos antes da exposição à fumaça de cigarro (P<0,05). O enfisema pulmonar também foi significativamente reduzido no grupo CS+P quando comparado ao grupo CS (P<0,05). A conclusão obtida foi que o fornecimento de dieta suplementada com probióticos reduziu o enfisema pulmonar, as células inflamatórias, o índice de células caliciformes e a perda de cílios nos camundongos expostos à fumaça de cigarro.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Respiratory Tract Diseases/veterinary , Probiotics/adverse effects , Mice/physiology , Smoke/adverse effects , Nicotiana
10.
Plants (Basel) ; 11(24)2022 Dec 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36559700

ABSTRACT

Despite its limited exploration, Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. can be beneficial if pharmacology, isolation, and biological evaluation are given attention. It is an aquatic species that belongs to the family Nymphaeaceae. The thrust area of the work was the extraction, isolation, and biological evaluation of different extracts of the N. mexicana Zucc. plant. The primary goal of this research was to assess the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of the extracts and to isolate the target naringenin compound. Comparative FT IR analysis of different extracts of this plant revealed the presence of functional groups of plant secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, esters, amines, glycosides, alkanes, alkaloids, fatty acids, and alcohols. Moderate free radical scavenging potential has been achieved for the various extracts via reducing power and DPPH assays. While cytotoxic activity was evaluated by colorimetric and lactate dehydrogenase cell viability tests on potent cancer cell lines. Lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A-549), and breast cells (MC-7) were treated with MeOH extract. The antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains was evaluated using Gram-positive and -negative cultures, where maximum and minimum inhibition zones were recorded for different strains, including 1.6-25.6 µg/mL for Streptococcus aureus, using the agar well diffusion method. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of N. mexicana Zucc. was evaluated in a nitrite radical scavenging assay with high concentrations of secondary metabolites, which are important against human pathogens and other diseases.

11.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 17479, 2022 10 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36261439

ABSTRACT

A standard assumption in the bilingual language processing literature is that the ease of access of a word in a language is determined by the speaker's overall proficiency in the language. Alternatively, it could be that proficiency varies across semantic categories of the bilingual's two languages. Here, we investigated lexical access in color terms in Tsimane'-Spanish bilinguals. Given that color terms are generally more frequent in Spanish than Tsimane', participants may have better lexical access for color words in Spanish despite being overall more proficient in Tsimane'. Twenty-two Tsimane'-Spanish bilinguals took part in a picture naming task where participants labeled colors and animals. Participants were equally fast and accurate at naming animals in Tsimane' and Spanish. However, participants were faster and more accurate at naming colors in Spanish than Tsimane' except for the three color words that are most frequent (jaibes ~ white, tsincus ~ black, jaines ~ red) in Tsimane', for which they were equally fast in both Tsimane' and Spanish. These results suggest that category-specific proficiency is a better predictor for lexical access than overall proficiency.


Subject(s)
Language , Multilingualism , Humans , Hispanic or Latino , Semantics , Bolivia
12.
Curr Probl Cardiol ; 47(12): 101365, 2022 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36031016

ABSTRACT

Disparities in overall outcomes for atrial fibrillation (AF) across racial and ethnic groups have been demonstrated in prior studies. We aim to evaluate in-hospital outcomes and resource utilization across 3 racial/ethnic groups with AF using contemporary data. We identified patients admitted with AF in the National Inpatient Sample registry from 2015 to 2018. ICD-10-CM codes were used to identify variables of interest. The primary outcomes were in-hospital complications and resource utilization. There were 1,250,075 AF admissions. Our sample was made up of 85.49% White, 8.12% Black, and 6.38% Hispanic patients. Black patients were younger but had a higher burden of cardiovascular comorbidities including obesity, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Social determinants were also less favorable in Black patients, with a higher percentage of Medicaid insurance and a high proportion of patients being in the lowest percentile for household income. Total hospital charge was highest in Hispanic patients. Despite higher rates of gastrointestinal bleed, Black patients were least likely to undergo left atrial appendage occlusion device implantation. Black and Hispanic patients were less like to undergo catheter ablation therapy. Black race was an independent predictor of mortality, stroke, mechanical ventilation, acute kidney injury, hemodynamic shock, need for vasopressor, upper gastrointestinal bleed, need for blood transfusion, total hospital charges, and length of stay when compared to other groups. Disparities exist in the risk of AF, and its management among racial and ethnic groups. Health care costs and inpatient outcomes disproportionately impact minorities in the United States.


Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation , Ethnicity , Humans , United States/epidemiology , Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Healthcare Disparities , Racial Groups , Hospitals
13.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.);88(2): 251-256, Mar.-Apr. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374714

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Tracheostomy is commonly performed surgical procedure in ENT practice. Postoperative care is the most important aspect for achieving good patient outcomes. Unavailability of standard guidelines on tracheostomy management and inadequate training can make this basic practice complex. The nursing staff and doctors play a very important role in bedside management, both in the ward and in the intensive care unit (ICU) setup. Therefore, it is crucial that all healthcare providers directly involved in providing postoperative care to such patients can do this efficiently. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge regarding identification and management of tracheostomy-related emergencies and early complications among healthcare professionals so as to improve practice and further standardization. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study included two hundred and fifty-four doctors and nurses from four large tertiary care hospitals. The questions used were simple and straightforward regarding tracheostomy suctioning, cuff care, cuff management, tube blockage, and feeding management in patients with tracheostomy. Results: Based on evidence from our study, knowledge level regarding tracheostomy care ranges from 48% to 52% with knowledge scores above 50% being considered satisfactory. Significant gaps in knowledge exist in various aspects of tracheostomy care and management among healthcare professionals. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated an adequate knowledge level among health care professionals ranging from 48% to 52% with knowledge scores above 50% being considered satisfactory and revealed that gaps in knowledge still exist in various aspects of tracheostomy care and management.


HIGHLIGHTS Healthcare workers should be well versed in identifying tracheostomy management, its complications and responding accordingly. Doctors and nurses (131 =52%) possessed good knowledge about various aspects of tracheostomy care and management. The poorest scores were regarding cuff pressure (38.9%), suction pressure (39.4%) and first response in tube blockade (31.1%). Higher scores were found in age group 26 to 30 years (54.2%) and those having 1-3 years of clinical experience (41.2%). No statistically significant assoiation of knowledge regarding tracheostomy care was apparent with age, gender or years of practice.


Resumo Introdução: A traqueostomia é um procedimento cirúrgico comumente feito na prática otorrinolaringológica. O cuidado pós-operatório é o aspecto mais importante para alcançar bons resultados para o paciente. A indisponibilidade de diretrizes padrão para o manejo da traqueostomia e o treinamento inadequado podem tornar complexa essa prática básica. A equipe de enfermagem e os médicos desempenham um papel muito importante no manejo à beira do leito, tanto na enfermaria quanto na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Portanto, é crucial que todos os profissionais de saúde diretamente envolvidos na prestação de cuidados pós-operatórios a esses pacientes possam fazer isso de forma eficiente. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre a identificação e manejo de emergências relacionadas à traqueostomia e complicações precoces entre os profissionais de saúde, a fim de melhorar a prática e sua padronização. Método: Estudo observacional transversal que incluiu 254 médicos e enfermeiras de quatro grandes hospitais terciários. As perguntas foram simples e diretas em relação à aspiração da traqueostomia, cuidados com o cuff, manejo do cuff, obstrução da cânula e manejo da alimentação em pacientes traqueostomizados. Resultado: Com base nas evidências de nosso estudo, o nível de conhecimento sobre os cuidados com a traqueostomia varia de 48% a 52%, com escores de conhecimento acima de 50% considerados satisfatórios. Existem lacunas significativas no conhecimento em vários aspectos dos cuidados e manejo da traqueostomia entre os profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: Nossos achados demonstraram um nível de conhecimento adequado entre os profissionais de saúde, variação de 48% a 52%, com escores de conhecimento acima de 50% considerados satisfatórios e revelaram que ainda existem lacunas no conhecimento em vários aspectos do tratamento e manejo do paciente traqueostomizado.


DESTAQUES Profissionais de saúde devem estar bem familiarizados com a identificac¸ão do manejo da traqueostomia, suas complicac¸ões e como agir de acordo com a necessidade. Médicos e enfermeiras (131 = 52%) possuíam bons conhecimentos sobre vários aspectos dos cuidados e manejo da traqueostomia. Os piores escores foram em relac¸ão à pressão adequada do cuff (38,9%), à pressão de aspirac¸ão adequada (39,4%) e primeiros socorros em caso de obstruc¸ão da cânula (31,1%). Os melhores escores foram encontrados no grupo 26 a 30 anos (54,2%) e aqueles com experiência clínica de 1-3 anos (41,2%). Não houve associac¸ão estatisticamente significante entre o conhecimento sobre os cuidados com a traqueostomia, idade e gênero e os anos de prática de médicos e enfermeiras.


Subject(s)
Tracheostomy/adverse effects , Intensive Care Units , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Personnel , Delivery of Health Care
14.
PLoS One ; 17(3): e0265570, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35316294

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Mental, neurological and substance use conditions lead to tremendous suffering, yet globally access to effective care is limited. In line with the 13th General Programme of Work (GPW 13), in 2019 the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the WHO Special Initiative for Mental Health: Universal Health Coverage for Mental Health to advance mental health policies, advocacy, and human rights and to scale up access to quality and affordable care for people living with mental health conditions. Six countries were selected as 'early-adopter' countries for the WHO Special Initiative for Mental Health in the initial phase. Our objective was to rapidly and comprehensively assess the strength of mental health systems in each country with the goal of informing national priority-setting at the outset of the Initiative. METHODS: We used a modified version of the Program for Improving Mental Health Care (PRIME) situational analysis tool. We used a participatory process to document national demographic and population health characteristics; environmental, sociopolitical, and health-related threats; the status of mental health policies and plans; the prevalence of mental disorders and treatment coverage; and the availability of resources for mental health. RESULTS: Each country had distinct needs, though several common themes emerged. Most were dealing with crises with serious implications for population mental health. None had sufficient mental health services to meet their needs. All aimed to decentralize and deinstitutionalize mental health services, to integrate mental health care into primary health care, and to devote more financial and human resources to mental health systems. All cited insufficient and inequitably distributed specialist human resources for mental health as a major impediment. CONCLUSIONS: This rapid assessment facilitated priority-setting for mental health system strengthening by national stakeholders. Next steps include convening design workshops in each country and initiating monitoring and evaluation procedures.


Subject(s)
Mental Health , Universal Health Insurance , Bangladesh , Humans , Jordan , Paraguay , Philippines , Ukraine , World Health Organization , Zimbabwe
15.
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol ; 88(2): 251-256, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34419386

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Tracheostomy is commonly performed surgical procedure in ENT practice. Postoperative care is the most important aspect for achieving good patient outcomes. Unavailability of standard guidelines on tracheostomy management and inadequate training can make this basic practice complex. The nursing staff and doctors play a very important role in bedside management, both in the ward and in the intensive care unit (ICU) setup. Therefore, it is crucial that all healthcare providers directly involved in providing postoperative care to such patients can do this efficiently. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge regarding identification and management of tracheostomy-related emergencies and early complications among healthcare professionals so as to improve practice and further standardization. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study included two hundred and fifty-four doctors and nurses from four large tertiary care hospitals. The questions used were simple and straightforward regarding tracheostomy suctioning, cuff care, cuff management, tube blockage, and feeding management in patients with tracheostomy. RESULTS: Based on evidence from our study, knowledge level regarding tracheostomy care ranges from 48% to 52% with knowledge scores above 50% being considered satisfactory. Significant gaps in knowledge exist in various aspects of tracheostomy care and management among healthcare professionals. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated an adequate knowledge level among health care professionals ranging from 48% to 52% with knowledge scores above 50% being considered satisfactory and revealed that gaps in knowledge still exist in various aspects of tracheostomy care and management.


Subject(s)
Intensive Care Units , Tracheostomy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery of Health Care , Health Personnel , Humans , Tracheostomy/adverse effects
16.
Rev. bras. ciênc. avic ; 24(4): eRBCA-2021-1454, 2022. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1382035

ABSTRACT

Bone mineralization is considered an essential source of minerals for metabolic needs that provide strength and hardness to the bone tissues and in birds its development can be enhanced by the use of dietary supplements. The present study was executed to evaluate the influence of prebiotic, probiotic and antibiotic on the morphometric aspects of tibia bone in broilers. One-hundred and sixty-one-day-old broiler chick were divided randomly into four groups (n=40) with 4 replicates (n=10 in each replicate). Group-I fed with only corn based basal diet and served as controlled group. Group-II with antibiotic supplement (Zinc bacitracin 0.04%), Group-III with probiotic supplement (lactobacillus 0.1%) & Group-IV with prebiotic supplement (mannan oligosaccharide 0.1%). On the 35th day, two birds were selected randomly from each replicate and slaughtered to record the morphometric parameters of both right and left tibia bones from each bird. The findings showed that the length, weight, thickness of lateral and medial wall, tibiotarsal index of bone and bone ash percentage of supplemented groups have had significant (p<0.05) difference when compared to that of the controlled group. The weight/length index in birds supplemented with prebiotic and probiotic was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the antibiotic supplemented and control group. Medullary canal diameter of all the supplemented groups was significantly lower (p<0.05) than the control group. No significant (p>0.05) difference of robusticity index and diaphysis diameter was observed among various groups. A significant (p<0.05) low level of Alkaline Phosphatase while higher level of Calcium and Phosphorus was recorded in the supplemented groups compared to that of the control group. In conclusion, the use of prebiotic and probiotic as growth promoter can exhibit some underline mechanisms in the form of enhancement of bone quality, density and characteristics in broiler chicks as compared to common antibiotics.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Tibia/chemistry , Biochemical Phenomena/physiology , Chickens/physiology , Probiotics/adverse effects , Prebiotics/adverse effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects
17.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 37: e37023, Jan.-Dec. 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1359541

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the potential of termite gut inhabiting bacteria towards bioconversion of cellulosic waste into biofuel. Total seven bacterial isolates from the gut of Heterotermes indicola were isolated. Among all the isolates, HI-1 produced the largest zone upon primary screening. Untreated paper had more cellulose content (73.03%) than acid (0.5%) treated paper that was used as a lignocellulosic substrate for saccharification. Among all the isolates tested, glucose yield (1.08mg/mL) was high for HI-1 isolate. Several factors were considered for optimizing augmented glucose yield (8.57mg/mL) and growth (8.07×108cfu/mL), such as temperature 37°C, pH 4.5, 5% (w/v) substrate concentration, 6 % bacterial inoculum size, agitation 150 rpm with PEG 0.25 % and Ca2+ ions 0.002 g/L. Overall 8-fold increase in glucose yield was achieved. Enzyme activity of HI-1 showed higher endoglucanase 0.29 ± 0.01 (U/mL/min) and exoglucanase 0.15±0.01 (U/mL/min) activity under optimum conditions, mentioned above. temperature 37°C, pH 4.5, substrate concentration 5%, inoculum size 6%, surfactants PEG 0.01%, ions Ca2+(0.002g/L) and agitation (120 rpm). Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of hydrolyzed office paper yielded 5.43mg/mL bioethanol. According to 16S rRNA sequence homology, the bacterial isolate H1 was identified as Alcaligenes faecalis. Bioethanol production from office paper untreated waste proved an effective strategy. Bacteria having natural tendency towards cellulosic waste consumption are promising for bioconversion of cellulosic waste to valuable products.


Subject(s)
Isoptera/microbiology , Alcaligenes faecalis , Bioethanol
18.
R. bras. Ci. avíc. ; 23(4): eRBCA-2021-1523, 2021. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-765865

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of various levels of synbiotics on growth performance and intestinal morphology of fast-growing broilers during different phases. A total of 720, one-day-old straight run broilers (Ross 308) were randomly divided into 12 treatment groups according to a completely randomized design having three supplemented diets of synbiotics (a combination of probiotics and prebiotics) (0.5, 1, and 1.5%) reared at four phases [starter (1-11 days), grower (12-22 days), finisher (23-35 days), whole life (1-35 days)]. Every treatment was replicated six times with ten birds each. The parameters were evaluated in growth performance (feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio, and mortality) and intestinal morphology (Villus height, Crypt depth and Villus to Crypt ratio). Results of the present study revealed that growth performance, feed intake (p=0.0029), body weight (p=0.0001) and feed conversion ratio (p=0.0001) were improved with 1 percent synbiotics diet supplementation,while1.5 percent synbiotics level showed lower body weight. Crypt death (p=0.0529) has been marginally greater in the whole life. It can be inferred that a 1 % synbiotics supplemented diet has had a beneficial impact on growth and gut health throughout life.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens/growth & development , Animal Feed , Synbiotics/analysis
19.
R. bras. Ci. avíc. ; 23(1): eRBCA-2020-1333, fev. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-30225

ABSTRACT

Objectives of the present study were to assess the hatchery based interventions and their impact on hatching traits and subsequent performance of broilers. In total, 3000 eggs of Hubbard broiler breeders were equally divided into Small (50-55 g), Medium (56-61 g) and Large (62-70 g) eggs. The eggs from each category were distributed into 20 trays each containing 50 eggs. Each tray was considered as a replicate. At the end of the 18th day of incubation, the eggs of each weight category were divided into four different patio strategies i.e. P0, P3, P5 and P7 where feed and water were provided to the chicks for 0, 3, 5 and 7 days in the hatcher followed by conventional rearing. Data were collected for hatch window, hatching traits, growth, physical asymmetry, welfare and blood profile in broilers. Statistical analysis showed that the smaller eggs had significantly (P 0.05) shorter hatch window compared to larger and medium eggs. Hatching traits were significantly (p 0.05) better in medium eggs but the embryonic mortalities did not differ (p>0.05). The post-hatch performance was significantly (p 0.05) better in P3 birds from medium eggs. Physical asymmetry and scores of feather and gait were not affected by both treatments (p>0.05). Blood profile was also significantly (p 0.05) better in P3 birds from medium-size eggs. It was recommended that the eggs of 56-61g should be selected for better hatchability and the chicks should be provided with feed and water within the hatcher for at-least three days for optimum performance on rearing facility.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Ovum/growth & development , Infectious Disease Incubation Period , Biochemistry , Animal Welfare , Chickens
20.
Rev. bras. ciênc. avic ; 23(1): eRBCA, fev. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1490833

ABSTRACT

Objectives of the present study were to assess the hatchery based interventions and their impact on hatching traits and subsequent performance of broilers. In total, 3000 eggs of Hubbard broiler breeders were equally divided into Small (50-55 g), Medium (56-61 g) and Large (62-70 g) eggs. The eggs from each category were distributed into 20 trays each containing 50 eggs. Each tray was considered as a replicate. At the end of the 18th day of incubation, the eggs of each weight category were divided into four different patio strategies i.e. P0, P3, P5 and P7 where feed and water were provided to the chicks for 0, 3, 5 and 7 days in the hatcher followed by conventional rearing. Data were collected for hatch window, hatching traits, growth, physical asymmetry, welfare and blood profile in broilers. Statistical analysis showed that the smaller eggs had significantly (P 0.05) shorter hatch window compared to larger and medium eggs. Hatching traits were significantly (p 0.05) better in medium eggs but the embryonic mortalities did not differ (p>0.05). The post-hatch performance was significantly (p 0.05) better in P3 birds from medium eggs. Physical asymmetry and scores of feather and gait were not affected by both treatments (p>0.05). Blood profile was also significantly (p 0.05) better in P3 birds from medium-size eggs. It was recommended that the eggs of 56-61g should be selected for better hatchability and the chicks should be provided with feed and water within the hatcher for at-least three days for optimum performance on rearing facility.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Welfare , Biochemistry , Infectious Disease Incubation Period , Ovum/growth & development , Chickens
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