Brief Sensations Seeking Scale (BSSS): Validity Evidence in Mexican Adolescents.

Sensation seeking is a construct associated with risky behaviors over a wide age range, but validation studies in Mexico are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of two versions of the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (the BSSS-8 and BSSS-4) in young Mexican individuals. The sample consisted of 2884 students (age: M = 16.6, SD = 1.5) from five preparatory schools in Morelos, Mexico. The internal structure of the BSSS was evaluated according to the structural equation modeling (SEM) parameterization, including measurement invariance (compared to the factor loadings obtained in the meta-analysis); conditional reliability; and equivalence between versions. The unidimensionality and measurement invariance (configurational, factor loadings, thresholds, intercepts, and residuals) across sex and age groups were satisfactory, and the factor loadings were highly congruent with those obtained in the meta-analysis. Reliability was suitably high (greater than 0.80), especially near the mean scores, but was lower for extreme scores. Thus, the instrument was concluded to be optimal for defining the construct of sensation seeking, consistent with the findings of previous studies.

Estrés laboral y percepción de competencias parentales en padres que trabajan / Work stress and parental competence perceived in parents that work / Estresse de trabalho e percepção das comoetências dos pais que trabalham

Se relaciona estrés laboral y percepción de competencias parentales en padres que trabajan, es un estudio transversal, asociativo con diseño predictivo correlacional (Ato, López & Benavente, 2013), participaron 177 padres (55.7% mujeres), quienese trabajan como mínimo 30 horas semanales y que tienen hijos entre 3 y 12 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Inventario del modelo demandas-control-apoyo (Rosario-Hernández & Rovira, 2016) y la Escala de Competencia Parental Percibida (Vera-Vásquez, Zaragoza-Tafur & Musayón-Oblitas, 2014). Los resultados hallados evidencian correlaciones significativas y positivas entre la dimensión de apoyo con asunción del rol y ocio compartido (.27). De la misma forma, la dimensión de apoyo se relaciona positivamente con la implicación escolar (.28); al igual que la dimensión de control con asunción del rol y ocio compartido (.22). Se halló también, correlación positiva y moderada entre demandas laborales y horas trabajadas (.34). Se ha podido comparar los resultados con estudios anteriores que reafirman la idea que debido a la cantidad de compromisos laborales, la estadía de los padres en casa es más difícil. En conclusión, las personas que perciban estrés en su trabajo tendrán menor percepción de competencias parentales, ya que no encuentran un equilibrio entre las funciones de ambos roles.(au)

Work stress is related to the perception of parental skills in working parents, it is a cross-sectional, associative study with correlational predictive design (Ato, López & Benavente, 2013), 177 parents participated (55.7% women), who worked at least 30 hours per week and who have children between 3 and 12 years old. The instruments used were the Inventory of the demands-control-support model (Rosario-Hernández & Rovira, 2016) and the Perceived Parental Competence Scale (Vera-Vásquez, Zaragoza-Tafur & Musayón-Oblitas, 2014). The results found show significant and positive correlations between the dimension of support with assumption of the role and shared leisure (.27). In the same way, the support dimension is positively related to school involvement (.28); as well as the dimension of control with assumption of the role and shared leisure (.22). A positive and moderate correlation was also found between work demands and hours worked (.34). It has been possible to compare the results with previous studies that reaffirm the idea that due to the amount of work commitments, the parents' stay at home is more difficult. In conclusion, people who perceive stress in their work will have a lower perception of parental competences, since they do not find a balance between the functions of both roles.(AU)

O estresse no trabalho está relacionado à percepção das competências parentais em pais trabalhadores, trata-se de um estudo transversal associativo com desenho correlacional preditivo (Ato, López & Benavente, 2013), participaram 177 pais (55,7% mulheres), que trabalharam pelo menos 30 horas por semana e que tenham filhos entre 3 e 12 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Inventário do modelo demanda-controle-apoio (Rosario-Hernández & Rovira, 2016) e a Escala de Competência Parental Percebida (Vera-Vásquez, Zaragoza-Tafur & Musayón-Oblitas, 2014). Os resultados encontraram correlações significativas e positivas entre a dimensão apoio com o assumir do rol e o lazer compartilhado (.27). Do mesmo modo, a dimensão apoio está positivamente relacionada com a implicação escolar (.28), tal como a dimensão controle com o assumir do rol e o lazer compartilhado (.22). Também foi encontrada uma correlação positiva e moderada entre as exigências laborais e as horas trabalhadas (.34). Foi possível comparar os resultados com estudos anteriores que reforçam a ideia de que, devido ao número de compromissos laborais, é mais difícil para os pais ficarem em casa. Em conclusão, as pessoas que percebem estresse no trabalho terão uma menor percepção da competência parental, pois não encontram um equilíbrio entre as funções de ambos roles.(AU)

Social Networks Addiction (SNA-6) - Short: Validity of Measurement in Mexican Youths.

The excessive use of social networks needs to be addressed, and this phenomenon needs to be measured for the purpose of evaluation, prevention, and intervention among adolescents and young people. The objective of the study was to adapt and psychometrically validate the Brief Scale of Addiction to Social Networks (SNA-6) among Mexican adolescents and young adults. The participating sample consisted of 2,789 students from 6 public educational campuses in Cuernavaca (Morelos, Mexico). Data collection was carried out through a web platform to strictly maintain anonymity, voluntary participation, and confidentiality. Data analysis first focused on the detection of possible response biases (random intercept model and careless/insufficient effort), the quality of the response structure partial credit model (PCM), dimensionality (CFA and invariance), and the relationship with external variables. It was found that when the range of efficient response options was limited to less than five, reliability was high (0.91), and unidimensionality was maintained. Response biases slightly affected the dimensional structure of the instrument. Measurement invariance reached scalar invariance in the sex, age, and campus groups. The association with sensation seeking and depression, controlling for sex and age covariates, was statistically significant, small, and theoretically consistent. Implications of the results are discussed.

Brief Sensation Seeking Scale: Latent structure of 8-item and 4-item versions in Peruvian adolescents. / Escala breve de búsqueda de sensaciones (BSSS): estructura latente de las versiones de 8 y 4 ítems en adolescentes peruanos.

This research intended to validate two brief scales of sensations seeking with Peruvian adolescents: the eight item scale (BSSS8; Hoyle, Stephenson, Palmgreen, Lorch, y Donohew, 2002) and the four item scale (BSSS4; Stephenson, Hoyle, Slater, y Palmgreen, 2003). Questionnaires were administered to 618 voluntary participants, with an average age of 13.6 years, from different levels of high school, state and private school in a district in the south of Lima. It analyzed the internal structure of both short versions using three models: a) unidimensional (M1), b) oblique or related dimensions (M2), and c) the bifactor model (M3). Results show that both instruments have a single dimension which best represents the variability of the items; a fact that can be explained both by the complexity of the concept and by the small number of items representing each factor, which is more noticeable in the BSSS4. Reliability is within levels found by previous studies: alpha: .745 = BSSS8 and BSSS4 =. 643; omega coefficient: .747 in BSSS8 and .651 in BSSS4. These are considered suitable for the type of instruments studied. Based on the correlation between the two instruments, it was found that there are satisfactory levels of equivalence between the BSSS8 and BSSS4. However, it is recommended that the BSSS4 is mainly used for research and for the purpose of describing populations.

El presente estudio tuvo el propósito de validar con adolescentes peruanos dos Escalas Breves de Búsqueda de Sensaciones: el de ocho ítems (BSSS8; Hoyle, Stephenson, Palmgreen, Lorch, y Donohew, 2002) y el de cuatro ítems (BSSS4; Stephenson, Hoyle, Slater, y Palmgreen, 2003). Los cuestionarios se aplicaron a 618 adolescentes que participaron voluntariamente, de 13. 6 años de edad promedio, de diferentes niveles de estudios de la secundaria, de colegios de gestión estatal y privada, pertenecientes a un distrito del sur de Lima. Se analizó la estructura interna de ambas versiones breves a través de tres modelos: unidimensional (M1), dimensiones relacionadas u oblicuas (M2) y el modelo bifactor (M3); los resultados hallados indican que ambos instrumentos tienen una sola dimensión que representa mejor la variabilidad de los ítems, hecho que puede ser explicado tanto por la complejidad del concepto como por la pequeña cantidad de ítems que representan a cada factor; aspecto que se potencia en el BSSS4; la fiabilidad cae dentro de los niveles que los estudios anteriores hallaron (Alfa: BSSS8= .745 y BSSS4= .643) y (Coeficiente Omega: .747 del BSSS8 y .651 del BSSS4) los mismos que se consideran adecuados para el tipo de instrumentos estudiados. A partir de la correlación entre ambos instrumentos, se encontró que existen niveles satisfactorios de equivalencia entre el BSSS8 y BSSS4. Se recomienda sin embargo que el BSSS4 se utilice fundamentalmente para trabajos de investigación y con propósitos de describir poblaciones.

Análisis psicométrico del test de dependencia de videojuegos (TDV) en población peruana / Psychometric analysis of the Test of Dependence of Videogames (TDV) in Peruvian population

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo es validar en población peruana, el Test de Dependencia de Videojuegos (TDV) (Chóliz & Marco, 2011). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que se trata de una herramienta confiable y válida. Se encontró una sola estructura factorial, en lugar de cuatro dimensiones, como plantearon los autores del TDV. Este factor podría denominarse genéricamente: adicción a videojuegos, y podría servir como evidencia de la existencia de este trastorno, que coincidiría con el denominado 'Trastorno de Juego por Internet', que aparece en la Sección III del DSM-5. Los resultados hallados se discuten en relación a lo planteado por Chóliz y Marco (2011), en lo que se refiere a las diferencias en cuanto a sexo, edad y la estructura interna del instrumento.

Abstract The objective of this work is the validation of the Test of Dependence of Videogames (TDV) (Chóliz & Marco, 2011) in Peruvian population. The results show that it is a reliable and valid tool. We found a single factorial structure, rather than four dimensions as the authors of the TDV raised. This factor could be generically called: 'Addiction to video games', and could serve as evidence of the existence of this disorder, which would coincide with the so-called "Disorder online Game" listed in Section III of the DSM-5. The results found are discussed in relation to Chóliz & Marco (2011) in terms of differences in sex, age and the internal structure of the instrument.

Estrés laboral y percepción de competencias parentales en padres que trabajan

Se relaciona estrés laboral y percepción de competencias parentales en padres que trabajan, es un estudio transversal, asociativo con diseño predictivo correlacional (Ato, López & Benavente, 2013), participaron 177 padres (55.7% mujeres), quienese trabajan como mínimo 30 horas semanales y que tienen hijos entre 3 y 12 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Inventario del modelo demandas-control-apoyo (Rosario-Hernández & Rovira, 2016) y la Escala de Competencia Parental Percibida (Vera-Vásquez, Zaragoza-Tafur & Musayón-Oblitas, 2014). Los resultados hallados evidencian correlaciones significativas y positivas entre la dimensión de apoyo con asunción del rol y ocio compartido (.27). De la misma forma, la dimensión de apoyo se relaciona positivamente con la implicación escolar (.28); al igual que la dimensión de control con asunción del rol y ocio compartido (.22). Se halló también, correlación positiva y moderada entre demandas laborales y horas trabajadas (.34). Se ha podido comparar los resultados con estudios anteriores que reafirman la idea que debido a la cantidad de compromisos laborales, la estadía de los padres en casa es más difícil. En conclusión, las personas que perciban estrés en su trabajo tendrán menor percepción de competencias parentales, ya que no encuentran un equilibrio entre las funciones de ambos roles.

Work stress is related to the perception of parental skills in working parents, it is a cross-sectional, associative study with correlational predictive design (Ato, López & Benavente, 2013), 177 parents participated (55.7% women), who worked at least 30 hours per week and who have children between 3 and 12 years old. The instruments used were the Inventory of the demands-control-support model (Rosario-Hernández & Rovira, 2016) and the Perceived Parental Competence Scale (Vera-Vásquez, Zaragoza-Tafur & Musayón-Oblitas, 2014). The results found show significant and positive correlations between the dimension of support with assumption of the role and shared leisure (.27). In the same way, the support dimension is positively related to school involvement (.28); as well as the dimension of control with assumption of the role and shared leisure (.22). A positive and moderate correlation was also found between work demands and hours worked (.34). It has been possible to compare the results with previous studies that reaffirm the idea that due to the amount of work commitments, the parents' stay at home is more difficult. In conclusion, people who perceive stress in their work will have a lower perception of parental competences, since they do not find a balance between the functions of both roles.

O estresse no trabalho está relacionado à percepção das competências parentais em pais trabalhadores, trata-se de um estudo transversal associativo com desenho correlacional preditivo (Ato, López & Benavente, 2013), participaram 177 pais (55,7% mulheres), que trabalharam pelo menos 30 horas por semana e que tenham filhos entre 3 e 12 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Inventário do modelo demanda-controle-apoio (Rosario-Hernández & Rovira, 2016) e a Escala de Competência Parental Percebida (Vera-Vásquez, Zaragoza-Tafur & Musayón-Oblitas, 2014). Os resultados encontraram correlações significativas e positivas entre a dimensão apoio com o assumir do rol e o lazer compartilhado (.27). Do mesmo modo, a dimensão apoio está positivamente relacionada com a implicação escolar (.28), tal como a dimensão controle com o assumir do rol e o lazer compartilhado (.22). Também foi encontrada uma correlação positiva e moderada entre as exigências laborais e as horas trabalhadas (.34). Foi possível comparar os resultados com estudos anteriores que reforçam a ideia de que, devido ao número de compromissos laborais, é mais difícil para os pais ficarem em casa. Em conclusão, as pessoas que percebem estresse no trabalho terão uma menor percepção da competência parental, pois não encontram um equilíbrio entre as funções de ambos roles.

Diseños preexperimentales en psicología y educación: una revisión conceptual / Pre-experimental designs in psychology and education: a conceptual review

En el presente trabajo se efectúa un análisis de las denominaciones y significados asignados al concepto diseño preexperimental. Se ha revisado una parte de la literatura existente sobre el tema y en ella se ha realizado la revisión bibliográfica del concepto. Entre los textos especializados en metodología, especialmente en aquellas que abordan la experimentación se encuentra una gran diversidad de denominaciones, las que hemos pretendido agruparlas en este trabajopara facilitar el análisis y comprender las razones por las cuales existe tanta variedad de significados que se le han otorgado. Asimismo, se plantea porqué estos diseños son importantes en la actualidad...

In this paper we anlyze the names and meanings assigned to preexperimental design concpt, reviewing some of the literature on this topic especially in Spanish language. Among the textbooks on methodology, there are a great number of denominations, which we have tried to classify in order to facilitate analysis and to understand the reasons why they have so many different meanings. In the frame of this communication we discuss why these designs are important today...

Sistema de creencias de los alunmos acerca de sus desempeño social y académico al ingresar a la universidad / Belief systems on students about social and academic perfomance when entering the university

El presente artículo trata acerca de las creencias de los alumnos que ingresan a la universidad, las mismas que determinan no solamente formas de interpretación de la realidad cotidiana, sino que sirven de base para la interacción social y personal y para la toma de decisiones. Estas creencias se han agrupado en cuatro grandes líneas: acerca de sí mismos en relación con la universidad, de sus hábitos y estrategias de estudios, de sus profesores y sobre sus pares. Los datos que se describen han sido extraídos en un informe de investigación realizado por el autor.

This article explores the roles of the beliefs in students that enter university. The author claims that beliefs serve not only as determinants of the interpretation of everyday affairs but also as source for social and personal interaction, and in the process of decision-making. Beliefs have been grouped in four: beliefs about one self and the relationship with the university; beliefs about ones self’s habits and learning strategies; beliefs about professors; and beliefs about peers. The data discussed in the article was obtained in a previous research conducted by the author.