Inhomogeneous Canham-Helfrich Abscission in Catenoid Necks under Critical Membrane Mosaicity.

The mechanical effects of membrane compositional inhomogeneities are analyzed in a process analogous to neck formation in cellular membranes. We cast on the Canham-Helfrich model of fluid membranes with both the spontaneous curvature and the surface tension being non-homogeneous functions along the cell membrane. The inhomogeneous distribution of necking forces is determined by the equilibrium mechanical equations and the boundary conditions as considered in the axisymmetric setting compatible with the necking process. To establish the role played by mechanical inhomogeneity, we focus on the catenoid, a surface of zero mean curvature. Analytic solutions are shown to exist for the spontaneous curvature and the constrictive forces in terms of the border radii. Our theoretical analysis shows that the inhomogeneous distribution of spontaneous curvature in a mosaic-like neck constrictional forces potentially contributes to the membrane scission under minimized work in living cells.

Tratamiento psicológico de las náuseas y vómitos anticipatorios inducidos por quimioterapia por radioterapia / No disponible

La emesis producida por la quimioterapia y radioterapia puede afectar significativamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes con cáncer. La emesis anticipatoria es una respuesta condicionada que aparece en pacientes antes de recibir el ciclo de quimioterapia ya que se basa en un aprendizaje de una experiencia negativa con dicho tratamiento. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar los tratamientos eficaces, farmacológicos y psicológicos, para el control de la emesis anticipatoria. El mejor tratamiento para prevenir la emesis anticipatoria es el control de la emesis aguda y tardía. Los nuevos fármacos antieméticos, como el palonosetrón o el aprepitant, suelen evitar las náuseas y los vómitos por la quimioterapia, pero no mejoran las náuseas y vómitos anticipatorios. Las intervenciones conductuales, como la relajación muscular progresiva y el entrenamiento en desensibilización sistemática, deben considerarse métodos importantes para la prevención y el tratamiento de la emesis anticipatoria (AU)

Chemotherapy-induced or radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting can significantly affect patients´ quality of life. Anticipatory emesis is a conditioned response which occurs before patients receive their next chemotherapy cycle. It is based on the learning of a patient´s negative experience. The aim of this article is to review effective treatments, pharmacological and psychological, for the control of anticipatory emesis. The best treatment to prevent anticipatory emesis is the control of acute and delayed emesis. The new antiemetic drugs, palonosetron and aprepitant, are usually able to prevent nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy, but not to improve anticipatory nausea and vomiting. Behavioral interventions such as progressive muscle relaxation training and systematic desensitization should be considered important methods for preventing and treating anticipatory emesis (AU)

Evaluación de la astenia en pacientes oncológicos avanzados y una propuesta de protocolo de intervención psicológica / No disponible

La astenia es un síntoma con una elevada incidencia en pacientes con cáncer. Es un fenómeno multifactorial que deteriora la calidad de vida del paciente, con repercusiones físicas, psicológicas, sociales y laborales. Es uno de los síntomas que más preocupan al enfermo, incluso más que el dolor, y al que se le presta poca atención. Por tanto se infravalora su importancia y no se aplican los medios diagnósticos necesarios para identificar sus causas y poder disminuirlas en la medida de lo posibl (AU)

Fatigue is a symptom with a high incidence in patients with cancer. It is a multifactorial phenomenon, which deteriorates the quality of life of patients, from physical, psychological, social and working points of view. It is one of the symptoms that most concern the patient, even more than pain, medically it is paid little attention, therefore underestimating its importance and not applying the diagnostic tools necessary to identify its causes and to reduce it as far as possible. The aim of this paper is to assess the subjective perception of fatigue in advanced cancer patients, the subjective distress that produces the situation they are living and to assess whether they use strategies to minimize the feeling of tiredness. We consider it necessary to establish a consensus on the measuring instruments used to compare results.We have developed a psychological intervention guideline for management fatigue by promoting the adaptation and adjustment of advanced cancer patients to illness and therefore increase sense of well being and quality of life (AU)

La formación e-Learning: un modelo conceptualmente útil para trasladar el conocimiento a la toma de decisiones en salud / E-Learning: a conceptual model useful for transferring knowledge to decision-making in health

No disponibe

Quantitative analysis of the voltage-dependent gating of mouse parotid ClC-2 chloride channel.

Various ClC-type voltage-gated chloride channel isoforms display a double barrel topology, and their gating mechanisms are thought to be similar. However, we demonstrate in this work that the nearly ubiquitous ClC-2 shows significant differences in gating when compared with ClC-0 and ClC-1. To delineate the gating of ClC-2 in quantitative terms, we have determined the voltage (V(m)) and time dependence of the protopore (P(f)) and common (P(s)) gates that control the opening and closing of the double barrel. mClC-2 was cloned from mouse salivary glands, expressed in HEK 293 cells, and the resulting chloride currents (I(Cl)) were measured using whole cell patch clamp. WT channels had I(Cl) that showed inward rectification and biexponential time course. Time constants of fast and slow components were approximately 10-fold different at negative V(m) and corresponded to P(f) and P(s), respectively. P(f) and P(s) were approximately 1 at -200 mV, while at V(m) > or = 0 mV, P(f) approximately 0 and P(s) approximately 0.6. Hence, P(f) dominated open kinetics at moderately negative V(m), while at very negative V(m) both gates contributed to gating. At V(m) > or = 0 mV, mClC-2 closes by shutting off P(f). Three- and two-state models described the open-to-closed transitions of P(f) and P(s), respectively. To test these models, we mutated conserved residues that had been previously shown to eliminate or alter P(f) or P(s) in other ClC channels. Based on the time and V(m) dependence of the two gates in WT and mutant channels, we constructed a model to explain the gating of mClC-2. In this model the E213 residue contributes to P(f), the dominant regulator of gating, while the C258 residue alters the V(m) dependence of P(f), probably by interacting with residue E213. These data provide a new perspective on ClC-2 gating, suggesting that the protopore gate contributes to both fast and slow gating and that gating relies strongly on the E213 residue.