Surgery for adrenal metastasis: Surgical outcomes and prognostic factors for long-term survival.

PURPOSE: To analyze surgical outcomes and predictive factors for long-term overall and disease-specific survival in patients undergoing surgical resection of adrenal metastasis. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective study included patients who underwent adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis in two Spanish hospitals between 2005 and 2021. Clinical variables associated with surgical complications and survival during follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were included. Adrenalectomy was performed laparoscopically in 27 patients and by an open approach in 6. The most common primary tumor site was the lung (n=15), followed by the kidney (n=7). Most patients had metachronous lesions (n=28). Six patients (18.2%) had intra- and/or postoperative complications; synchronous metastasis was a risk factor (odds ratio 12.5 [1.45-107.6]) for their development. Progression-free survival and disease-specific survival were 7.5months (range 1-64) and 22.5months (6-120), respectively. Survival rates at 1, 2, 3 and 5years were 94%, 65%, 48% and 29%, respectively. Survival was significantly lower in patients with lung cancer than with other cancers (hazard ratio 4.23 [1.42-12.59]). CONCLUSIONS: Adrenalectomy for solitary adrenal metastases was associated with intra- or postoperative complications in 18% of cases. Synchronous metastasis was a risk factor for complications.

Prevalence and grade of malignancy differences with respect to the area of involvement in multiparametric resonance imaging of the prostate in the diagnosis of prostate cancer using the PI-RADS version 2 classification.

PURPOSE: The peripheral zone is histologically different from the transitional zone. The aim of this study is to analyze the differences between the prevalence and grade of malignancy of mpMRI-targeted biopsies that involve the TZ with respect to the PZ. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 597 men evaluated for PC screening between February 2016 and October 2022 was conducted. Exclusion criteria were prior BPH surgery, radiotherapy, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors treatment, UTI, mixed involvement of PZ-TZ or doubts, and central-zone involvement. Hypothesis contrast test was used to study differences proportions of malignancy (ISUP > 0) and significant (ISUP > 1) and high-grade tumor (ISUP > 3) in PI-RADSv2 > 2-targeted biopsies in PZ with respect to TZ, and logistic regression and hypothesis contrast tests were used to study the influence of the area of exposure as an effect-modifying factor in the diagnosis of malignancy with respect to the PI-RADSv2 classification. RESULTS: 473 patients were selected and 573 lesions biopsied (127 PI-RADS3, 346 PI-RADS4 and 100 PI-RADS5). A significant increase was described in the proportion of malignancy and significant and high-grade tumor in PZ compared to TZ (22.6%, 21.3%, and 8.7%, respectively). Significant increase in proportions and malignancy were described in cores targeted to PZ with respect to TZ, highlight the differences between PZ and TZ for ST (37.3%vs23.7% for PI-RADS4, 69.2%vs27.3% for PI-RADS5, respectively). Statistically significant linear trend was described increasing for malignancy, significant and high-grade tumors with respect to the PI-RADSv2 scores (change > 10%). CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence and grade of malignancy in the TZ is lower than in the PZ, PI-RADS4 and 5-targeted biopsies should not be omitted in this location, but PI-RADS3 could be.

[Parastomal hernia in Bricker urinary diversion as a reversible cause of obstructive uropathy: An exceptional complication.] / Hernia paraestomal en derivación urinaria tipo Bricker como causa reversible de uropatía obstructiva: una complicación excepcional.

OBJECTIVE: Parastomal hernia in patientswith ileal urinary diversion is insufficiently described in theliterature, and among its complications, the presence ofurinary obstruction is not usually reported. METHODS: We present a 74-year-old male with a Brickertype urinary diversion. He presented urinary infections withCT scan showing hydronephrosis with obstruction of theileal conduit probably related to a parastomal hernia. Thehernia growth runs in parallel to the ureterohydronephrosis,so we performed a hernioplasty to solve the obstruction. CTat 6 months shows no urinary obstruction and no hernia recurrence.No hydronephrosis in the follow-up at 14 months. RESULTS: We reviewed the literature and we only foundthree articles that related parastomal hernia in Bricker toureterohydronephrosis, although none of them proved thisrelationship with the correction of the urinary obstructionafter hernia surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Parastomal hernia should be consideredin the differential diagnosis of obstructive uropathy in patientswith ileal urinary diversion.

OBJETIVO: La hernia paraestomal en pacientescon derivación urinaria ileal está insuficientementedescrita en la literatura, y entre sus complicaciones no semenciona la presencia de uropatía obstructiva. MÉTODO: Presentamos caso de varón de 74 años conreconstrucción tipo Bricker. Presenta infecciones urinariascon TAC que muestra dilatación urinaria, con obstrucción anivel de la derivación en probable relación con una herniaparaestomal. La hernia progresa de forma paralela a laureterohidronefrosis, por lo que se realiza eventroplastiaparaestomal. En TAC a los 6 meses: ausencia de dilataciónde vía urinaria y de recidiva herniaria. No hidronefrosisa los 14 meses. RESULTADOS: Se realiza revisión de la literatura, encontrándosesólo tres artículos que relacionen hernia paraestomalen Bricker con ureterohidronefrosis, aunque ningunodemuestra esta relación causal con la corrección de laobstrucción tras la cirugía de la hernia. CONCLUSIONES: La hernia paraestomal debe ser tenidaen cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial de la uropatía obstructivaen paciente con derivación tipo Bricker.

Hernia paraestomal en derivación urinaria tipo bricker como causa reversible de uropatía obstructiva: una complicación excepcional / Parastomal hernia in bricker type urinary diversion as a reversible cause of obstructive uropathy: an exceptional complication

Objetivo: La hernia paraestomal en pacientes con derivación urinaria ileal está insuficientementedescrita en la literatura, y entre sus complicaciones no semenciona la presencia de uropatía obstructiva. Método: Presentamos caso de varón de 74 años conreconstrucción tipo Bricker. Presenta infecciones urinariascon TAC que muestra dilatación urinaria, con obstrucción anivel de la derivación en probable relación con una herniaparaestomal. La hernia progresa de forma paralela a laureterohidronefrosis, por lo que se realiza eventroplastiaparaestomal. En TAC a los 6 meses: ausencia de dilatación de vía urinaria y de recidiva herniaria. No hidronefrosis a los 14 meses. Resultados: Se realiza revisión de la literatura, encontrándose sólo tres artículos que relacionen hernia paraestomal en Bricker con ureterohidronefrosis, aunque ningunodemuestra esta relación causal con la corrección de laobstrucción tras la cirugía de la hernia. Conclusiones: La hernia paraestomal debe ser tenidaen cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial de la uropatía obstructiva en paciente con derivación tipo Bricker.(AU)

Objetive: Parastomal hernia in patientswith ileal urinary diversion is insufficiently described in theliterature, and among its complications, the presence ofurinary obstruction is not usually reported. Methods: We present a 74-year-old male with a Brickertype urinary diversion. He presented urinary infections withCT scan showing hydronephrosis with obstruction of theileal conduit probably related to a parastomal hernia. Thehernia growth runs in parallel to the ureterohydronephrosis,so we performed a hernioplasty to solve the obstruction. CTat 6 months shows no urinary obstruction and no hernia recurrence. No hydronephrosis in the follow-up at 14 months. Results: We reviewed the literature and we only foundthree articles that related parastomal hernia in Bricker toureterohydronephrosis, although none of them proved thisrelationship with the correction of the urinary obstructionafter hernia surgery. Conclusions: Parastomal hernia should be consideredin the differential diagnosis of obstructive uropathy in pa-tients with ileal urinary diversion.(AU)

Assessment of the Grades of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Stented Ureters: An Experimental Study.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this experimental study is to assess, in a porcine model, the onset and grades of vesicoureteral reflux associated with ureteral stents. METHODS: Twenty-four female porcine models were used. A 4.7-Fr ureteral stent was placed in all right ureters and kept in place for 6 weeks. Follow-ups were performed on weeks 1, 3, 6, and 12. Ultrasonography, cystoscopy, and fluoroscopy were used to analyze grade of hydronephrosis, presence and grade of vesicoureteral reflux, bacteriuria, and macroscopic changes of the ureteral orifices. Vesicoureteral reflux was classified using a modification of the International Reflux Study Committee grades. RESULTS: 91.7% animals present vesicoureteral reflux, 89.5% grade IA, 3.5% grade IB, and 7% grade II. There is a significant increase in reflux during follow-ups at 3 and 6 weeks, whereas 6 weeks after removal, 26.3% of the ureters still present vesicoureteral reflux. Hydronephrosis and macroscopic changes of the ureteral orifice increase significantly with stenting, but there is no significant association between them and vesicoureteral reflux; the relationship between bacteriuria and the presence of vesicoureteral reflux is not significant either. CONCLUSION: Vesicoureteral reflux caused by ureteral stents in an animal model is mostly low grade and mainly affects the distal ureter.

Evaluación del sistema PI-RADSv2 en una cohorte de pacientes sometidos a biopsia prostática por fusión / Evaluation of the PI-RADSv2 classification in a cohort of patients who underwent a prostate fusion biopsy

INTRODUCCIÓN: La biopsia prostática por fusión se describe como superior a la biopsia transrectal sistemática para identificar lesiones sospechosas de carcinoma de próstata. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la clasificación PIRADS propuesto por la Sociedad Europea de Radiología Urogenital para la detección de cáncer de próstata mediante RNM en una cohorte consecutiva de pacientes con RNM y biopsia guiada por fusión. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional transversal. 87 pacientes con sospecha de cáncer de próstata sometidos a biopsia de próstata transperineal y fusión con RNM en nuestro centro. Describimos tumor significativo como Gleason ≥ 7(3 + 4), y carcinoma de alto riesgo como Gleason ≥ 8. Utilizamos la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para analizar la relación entre cáncer de próstata y PIRADS, así como regresión logística y pruebas de tendencia lineal, comparando las proporciones con medidas de intensidad de asociación. Empleamos el sistema HITACHI Real-Time Virtual Sonography y el software STATA/IC v.14.2 para el análisis estadístico. RESULTADOS: 64,37% pacientes presentaron resultado positivo para malignidad. Media de edad 67,89 años (SD 7,42), de PSA total 9,15 ng/ml (SD 7,85), y de volumen prostático 54,05 cc (SD 22,92). Se biopsiaron 124 lesiones sospechosas en RNM (25% PIRADS III, 57,26% PIRADS IV y 17,74% PIRADS V). 5/31 lesiones PIRADS III, 47/71 PIRADS IV y 18/22 PIRADS V fueron positivas para malignidad, con relación lineal estadísticamente significativa entre PIRADS y malignidad (p < 0,001), razón de prevalencias (RP) 4,10 (IC95% 1,81-9,32) para PIRADS IV, y RP 5,07 (CI95% 2,2211,59) para PIRADS V respecto a PIRADS III. 3,23% lesiones PIRADS III, 32,39% PIRADS IV y 63,64% PIRADS V correspondieron a tumores significativos. Encontramos asociación estadísticamente significativa entre PIRADS y tumores significativos (p < 0,001), RP 10,04 (IC95% 1,42-71,09) para PIRADS IV y RP 19,73 (IC95% 2,80139,18) para PIRADS V respecto a PIRADS III. CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados muestran que la biopsia de próstata ecodirigida y por fusión utilizando RNM es una técnica segura con excelentes resultados para obtener un diagnóstico preciso de cáncer de próstata, y puede mejorar el diagnóstico de malignidad y de tumores significativos reduciendo el sobrediagnóstico

INTRODUCTION: Prostate Fusion biopsy (MRI + prostate ultrasound) is described in literature as superior to classic random transrectal biopsy in order to identify suspicious lesion. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) proposed by the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) for detection of prostate cancer by multiparametric MRI in a consecutive cohort of patients with MRI and transrectal ultrasound prostate fusion-guided biopsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 87 patients with suspected Prostatic Cancer on prostate MRI underwent fusion transperineal prostate biopsy in our Department. 37 patients had at least one prior negative classic prostatic transrectal biopsy. Clinically significant tumor was described as Gleason 7(3+4) or higher. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between prostate cancer and the different PIRADS stages, as well as logistic regression and linear trend tests, comparing the proportions using measures of association intensity. We use the HITACHI Real-Time Virtual Sonography (HI-RVS) system, and the STATA/IC v.14.2 software for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 64.37% patients had tested positive for malignancy. Median age 67.89 years old. Median PSA 9.15 ng/ml, and average prostate volume was 54.05 cc. 124 suspicious lesions were described in prostate MRI (25% PIRADS III, 57% PIRADS IV and 17% PIRADS V). 5/31 lesions PIRADS III, 47/71 PIRADS IV and 18/22 PIRADS V were positive for malignancy, with a statistically significant linear relationship between PIRADS and malignancy (p < 0.001) - HR 4.10 (CI 95% 1.81 to 9.32) for PIRADS IV and HR 5.07 (CI95% 2.22 to 11.59) for PIRADS V vs. PIRADS III. 3.23% lesions PIRADS III, 32.39% PIRADS IV and 63.64% PIRADS V corresponded to significant tumors. A statistically significant association between PIRADS and significant tumors (p < 0.001) - HR 10.04 (CI95% 1.42 to 71.09) for PIRADS IV and HR 19.73 (CI95% 2.80 to 139.18) for PIRADS V vs PIRADS III was observed -. CONCLUSION: Our results show that transperineal targeted prostate biopsy using multiparametric MRI and transrectal ultrasound fusion is a safe procedure with excellent outcomes to obtain an accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer. Fusion biopsy has the potential to improve the diagnosis of malignancy and clinically significant tumors while reducing overdiagnosis

[Evaluation of the PI-RADSv2 classification in a cohort of patients who underwent a prostate fusion biopsy.] / Evaluación del sistema PI-RADSv2 en una cohorte de pacientes sometidos a biopsia prostática por fusión.

INTRODUCTION: Prostate Fusion biopsy (MRI + prostate ultrasound) is described in literature as superior to classic random transrectal biopsy in order to identify suspicious lesion. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) proposed by the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) for detection of prostate cancer by multiparametric MRI in a consecutive cohort of patients with MRI and transrectal ultrasound prostate fusion-guided biopsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 87 patients with suspected Prostatic Cancer on prostate MRI underwent fusion transperineal prostate biopsy in our Department. 37 patients had at least one prior negative classic prostatic transrectal biopsy. Clinically significant tumor was described as Gleason 7(3+4) or higher. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between prostate cancer and the different PIRADS stages, as well as logistic regression and linear trend tests, comparing the proportions using measures of association intensity. We use the HITACHI Real-Time Virtual Sonography (HI-RVS) system, and the STATA/IC v.14.2 software for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 64.37% patients had tested positive for malignancy. Median age 67.89 years old. Median PSA 9.15 ng/ml, and average prostate volume was 54.05 cc. 124 suspicious lesions were described in prostate MRI (25% PIRADS III, 57% PIRADS IV and 17% PIRADS V). 5/31 lesions PIRADS III, 47/71 PIRADS IV and 18/22 PIRADS V were positive for malignancy, with a statistically significant linear relationship between PIRADS and malignancy (p<0.001) - HR 4.10 (CI 95% 1.81 to 9.32) for PIRADS IV and HR 5.07 (CI95% 2.22 to 11.59) for PIRADS V vs. PIRADS III. 3.23% lesions PIRADS III, 32.39% PIRADS IV and 63.64% PIRADS V corresponded to significant tumors. A statistically significant association between PIRADS and significant tumors (p<0.001) - HR 10.04 (CI95% 1.42 to 71.09) for PIRADS IV and HR 19.73 (CI95% 2.80 to 139.18) for PIRADS V vs PIRADS III was observed -. CONCLUSION: Our results show that transperineal targeted prostate biopsy using multiparametric MRI and transrectal ultrasound fusion is a safe procedure with excellent outcomes to obtain an accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer. Fusion biopsy has the potential to improve the diagnosis of malignancy and clinically significant tumors while reducing overdiagnosis.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La biopsia prostática por fusión se describe como superior a la biopsia transrectal sistemática para identificar lesiones sospechosas de carcinoma de próstata.OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la clasificación PIRADS propuesto por la Sociedad Europea de Radiología Urogenital para la detección de cáncer de próstata mediante RNM en una cohorte consecutiva de pacientes con RNM y biopsia guiada por fusión.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional transversal. 87 pacientes con sospecha de cáncer de próstata sometidos a biopsia de próstata transperineal y fusión con RNM en nuestro centro. Describimos tumor significativo como Gleason ≥7(3+4), y carcinoma de alto riesgo como Gleason ≥8. Utilizamos la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para analizar la relación entre cáncer de próstata y PIRADS, así como regresión logística y pruebas de tendencia lineal, comparando las proporciones con medidas de intensidad de asociación. Empleamos el sistema HITACHI Real-Time Virtual Sonography y el software STATA/IC v.14.2 para el análisis estadístico.RESULTADOS: 64,37% pacientes presentaron resultado positivo para malignidad. Media de edad 67,89 años (SD7,42), de PSA total 9,15 ng/ml (SD7,85), y de volumen prostático 54,05 cc (SD22,92). Se biopsiaron 124 lesiones sospechosas en RNM (25% PIRADS III, 57,26% PIRADS IV y 17,74% PIRADS V). 5/31 lesiones PIRADS III, 47/71 PIRADS IV y 18/22 PIRADS V fueron positivas para malignidad, con relación lineal estadísticamente significativa entre PIRADS y malignidad (p<0,001), razón de prevalencias (RP) 4,10 (IC95% 1,81-9,32) para PIRADS IV, y RP 5,07 (CI95% 2,2211,59) para PIRADS V respecto a PIRADS III. 3,23% lesiones PIRADS III, 32,39% PIRADS IV y 63,64% PIRADS V correspondieron a tumores significativos. Encontramos asociación estadísticamente significativa entre PIRADS y tumores significativos (p<0,001), RP 10,04 (IC95% 1,42-71,09) para PIRADS IV y RP 19,73 (IC95% 2,80139,18) para PIRADS V respecto a PIRADS III.CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados muestran que la biopsia de próstata ecodirigida y por fusión utilizando RNM es una técnica segura con excelentes resultados para obtener un diagnóstico preciso de cáncer de próstata, y puede mejorar el diagnóstico de malignidad y de tumores significativos reduciendo el sobrediagnóstico.

Idiopathic thrombosis of the superficial scrotal veins (Mondor's disease) during the postoperative period of an umbilical herniorraphy.

OBJECTIVE: Mondor's disease is a superficial thrombophlebitis and usually occurs in the anterior and lateral chest. The scrotal vein thrombosis is a fairly rare disease. METHODS: Thirty-four year old male who consulted for inguinal tumor and pain in the postoperative period of an umbilical hernia repair, which resulted in a subsequent scrotal vein thrombosis treated conservatively. RESULTS: It was resolved with conservative treatment, with recanalization of the scrotal veins. CONCLUSION: Mondor's disease is a rare entity, related to multiple etiological factors. The diagnosis is made easily with Doppler ultrasound and most resolve with conservative treatment.

Trombosis idiopática de las venas superficiales del escroto. "Enfermedad de mondor escrotal" en el postoperatorio de una herniorrafia umbilical / Idiopathic thrombosis of the superficial scrotal veins (Mondor's disease) during the postoperative period of an umbilical herniorraphy

OBJETIVO: La enfermedad de Mondor es una tromboflebitis superficial que suele darse en la cara anterior y lateral del tórax. La trombosis de las venas escrotales es una patología bastante infrecuente. MÉTODOS: Paciente varón de 34 años de edad que consultó por molestias y sensación de bulto en la ingle en el postoperatorio de una herniorrafia umbilical, que resultó en una trombosis de las venas escrotales posteriores tratado de forma conservadora. RESULTADOS: Se resolvió con tratamiento conservador, con recanalización de las venas escrotales. CONCLUSIÓN: La enfermedad de Mondor es una entidad muy poco frecuente, relacionada con múltiples factores etiológicos cuyo diagnóstico se realiza fácilmente con ecodoppler y que en su mayoría se resuelve con tratamiento conservador (AU)

OBJECTIVE: Mondor’s disease is a superficial thrombophlebitis and usually occurs in theanterior and lateral chest. The scrotal vein thrombosis is a fairly rare disease. METHODS: Thirty-four year old male who consulted for inguinal tumor andpain in the postoperative period of an umbilical hernia repair, which resulted in a subsequent scrotal vein thrombosis treated conservatively. RESULTS: It was resolved with conservative treatment, with recanalization of the scrotalveins. CONCLUSION: Mondor’s disease is a rare entity, related to multiple etiological factors. The diagnosis is made easily with Doppler ultrasound and most resolve withconservative treatment (AU)

Nefrectomía parcial en la patología litiásica / Partial nephrectomy for renal lithiasis

OBJETIVO: Analizar la serie de pacientes diagnosticados de litiasis renal, sometidos en nuestro Servicio a nefrectomía parcial en el periodo 1980-1999. MÉTODO: Se realizaron 28 nefrectomías parciales (22 mujeres -con una edad media de 48,09 años-, y 6 varones, -con media de 60 años-). De los antecedentes personales destaca la realización de cirugía renal ipsilateral por litiasis en cinco unidades renales. LEOC previa (más de tres sesiones), en nueve pacientes, con presencia a posteriori de litiasis residual múltiple en todos los casos. La confirmación microbiológica de urocultivo positivo se dio en 12 casos. La localización predominante de masa litiásica susceptible de nefrectomía parcial fue en grupo calicial inferior (17 casos). RESULTADO: El estudio histopatológico de la pieza de nefrectomía nos mostró un predominio de los signos de atrofia parenquimatosa crónica (25 casos). En tres casos, se informó displasia renal segmentaria, (aquellos en los que se llevó a cabo una heminefrectomía superior por existencia de doble sistema excretor). Un 50 por ciento de los fragmentos litiásicos analizados correspondieron a fosfocarbonato cálcico. Las complicaciones postquirúrgicas se observaron en ocho pacientes, destacando dos casos de fístula renocutánea y uno de absceso subfrénico. Tras un seguimiento medio de nueve años y medio, la función renal se mantiene dentro de la normalidad en 25 pacientes. La aparición de recidiva litiásica en la unidad renal contralateral sucedió en seis casos, por tan sólo uno en la homolateral. CONCLUSIONES: Consideramos que la nefrectomía parcial mantiene su lugar dentro de las opciones terapéuticas de la patología litiásica. Su indicación vendrá dada en relación directa con las características morfofuncionales del riñón afecto, sobre todo en aquellos casos en los que la "preservación nefronal" pueda obviarse por ser poco significativa (AU)

Divertículos pielocaliciales / Pyelocaliceal diverticula

OBJETIVO: Revisión embriológica y clínica de los diferentes tipos de divertículos pielocaliciales, su diagnóstico diferencial con otras entidades y las pautas terapéuticas. MÉTODO: Se han seleccionado imágenes de los divertículos pielocaliciales tipo I y tipo II y de las patologías que pueden plantear problemas en el diagnóstico diferencial. RESULTADOS: El método diagnóstico preferente sigue siendo el estudio monográfico, en ocasiones ayudado de la ureteropielografía retrógrada. CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento viene determinado por el carácter sintomático del divertículo calicial. Los métodos endourológicos son en la actualidad los más comúnmente aceptados. (AU)