Evolución en cirugía bariátrica: del abordaje abierto al bypass biliopancreático con preservación gástrica por vía laparoscópica. Doce años de experiencia / Advances in bariatric surgery: from the open approach to the biliopancreatic bypass with laparoscopic gastric preservation. Twelve years of experience

Introducción: Análisis de los resultados en el tratamiento de la obesidad mórbida tras 12 años de experiencia. Material y métodos Estudio restrospectivo de los pacientes intervenidos por obesidad mórbida desde julio de 1998 hasta abril de 2010. Inicialmente realizamos técnicas abiertas y desde enero de 2005 bypass biliopancreático con preservación gástrica por vía laparoscópica. Resultados Se ha intervenido a 165 pacientes: 65 con abordaje abierto (bypass gástrico y Scopinaro) y 100 laparoscópico. Edad media: 40 años, mujeres: 74%, IMC medio: 48,6±6kg/m2. Superobesos 35%. Estancia media: 7 días. Morbilidad 43 (26%) pacientes. Reintervenciones en postoperatorio inmediato: 7 pacientes. Mortalidad 2 pacientes. Seguimiento del 99,4% durante un periodo mediano de 46 meses (de 1 a 141). En 17 pacientes hubo complicaciones de la gastroyeyunostomía. Siete pacientes se reintervinieron por hernias transmesentéricas. La tasa de sobrepeso perdido fue del 67% (IC95%: 65-72%), 68% (IC95%: 65-72%) y 68% (IC95%: 63-73%) a 12, 36 y 60 meses, respectivamente. La tasa de exceso de IMC perdido fue del 73% (IC95%: 70-76%), 74% (IC95%: 70-79%) y 74% (IC95%: 68-69%) a los 12, 36 y 60 meses, respectivamente. Comparando ambos abordajes, hubo más complicaciones postoperatorias, mayores estancias hospitalarias y más eventraciones en el abordaje abierto y no se han encontrado diferencias significativas en el resto de parámetros analizados. Conclusión Nuestros resultados a largo plazo están dentro de los clasificados como excelentes, con una morbilidad y una mortalidad aceptables. Hemos observado que el abordaje laparoscópico ha supuesto un gran avance debido a una menor agresión quirúrgica, manteniendo una pérdida de peso excelente (AU)

Introduction: An analysis is presented of the results in the treatment of morbid obesity after12 years experience. Material and methods: A retrospective study of patients subjected to surgery for morbidobesity from July 1998 to April 2010. Open techniques were initially used, and from January2005 using biliopancreatic bypass with gastric diversion by a laparoscopic approach. Results: A total of 165 patients have been subjected to surgery, 65 with open surgery (gastricbypass and Scopinaro), and 100 laparoscopic. The mean age was 40 years, with 74% females. The mean BMI was 48.6 6 kg/m2, with 35% super-obese. The mean hospital stay was7 days, with a morbidity of 26% (43 patients). Seven patients required further surgery, and2 patients died. There was 99.4% follow-up during a median period of 46 months (1 to 141).There were complications of the gastro-jejunostomy in 17 patients. Seven patients required further surgery due to transmesenteric hernias. The rate of overweight lost was 67% (95% CI:65-72%), 68% (95% CI: 65-72%) and 68% (95% CI: 63-73%) at 12, 36 and 60 months, respectively. The rate of excess BMI lost was 73% (95% CI: 70-76%), 74% (95% CI: 70-79%) and 74% (95% CI:68-69%) at 12, 36 and 60 months, respectively. Comparing both approaches, there were more post-operative complications, longer hospital stays, and more incisional hernias in the open approach, with no significant differences found in the rest of the parameters analysed. Conclusion: Our long-term results are within those classified as excellent, with acceptable morbidity and mortality. A great advance has been observed in the laparoscopic approach due to the less aggressive surgery, and maintaining an excellent weight loss (AU)

Fijación del material protésico en la hernioplastia inguinal abierta: sutura vs. cola sintética / Prosthetic material fixation in open inguinal hernioplasty: suture vs. synthetic glue

Introducción: El empleo de colas sintéticas se ha convertido en práctica habitual en varios campos quirúrgicos. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar los resultados del pegamento y de la sutura convencional a corto y a medio plazo en la fijación de las prótesis en la hernioplastia inguinal abierta con técnica de tapón y parche. Materiales y métodos Estudio prospectivo comparativo incluyendo 198 pacientes con diagnóstico de hernia inguinal no recidivada intervenidos a cielo abierto y asignados de manera aleatoria a fijación de las mallas con pegamento de cianoacrilato (n=101) o con sutura (n=98). Se analizaron las características demográficas, las complicaciones a corto plazo, la estancia postoperatoria, la baja laboral, la recidiva herniaria y la neuralgia inguinal crónica. Resultados La morbilidad global ha sido del 13,9% en el grupo del pegamento y del 30,9% en el grupo de sutura. No observamos reacciones inflamatorias ni casos de migración de la prótesis. La estancia postoperatoria ha sido de 14,7h en el caso de fijación con pegamento y de 19,1h en el caso de suturas (p<0,0001). No encontramos diferencia entre los 2 grupos en cuanto a días de baja laboral. La morbilidad a corto plazo fue superior en el caso de fijación con sutura (19,6 vs. 10,9%). Al año, se observó una recidiva en el grupo de sutura (1%) y ninguna en el grupo del pegamento. No obstante, la tasa de neuralgia crónica de intensidad moderada/severa fue de 2,9% en el grupo de pegamento y de 10,3% en el grupo de sutura (p=0,03) (AU)

Introduction: The use of synthetic glues has become normal practice in several surgicalfields. The objective of this study is to compare the short and medium term results of glue and conventional suture in the fixation of the prosthesis in open inguinal hernia repair with a plug and patch technique. Materials and methods: A comparative prospective study was conducted on 198 patients with a diagnosis of a non-recurrent inguinal hernia subjected to open surgery and randomly assigned to mesh fixation with cyanoacrylate glue (n = 101) or with suture (n = 98). The demographic characteristics, short-term complications, hospital stay, time off work, herniarecurrence, and chronic inguinal neuralgia, were analysed. Results: The overall morbidity was 13.9% in the glue group, and 30.9% in the suture group. No undue inflammatory reactions ormeshmigration were observed in the group. The postoperative stay was 14.7 h for the glue group, and 19.1 h in the suture group (P < .0001). No differences were found regarding days off work. The short-term morbidity was higher in the suture group (19.6% vs. 10.9%). After one year, there was one recurrence in the suture group (1%), and none in the glue group. However, the incidence of moderate/severe intensity chronic neuralgia was 2.9% in the glue group, and 10.3% in the suture group(P = .03).Conclusion: The use of cyanoacrylate is safe and effective in open inguinal hernia repair, with good results in the short and medium term (AU)

[Advances in bariatric surgery: from the open approach to the biliopancreatic bypass with laparoscopic gastric preservation. Twelve years of experience]. / Evolución en cirugía bariátrica: del abordaje abierto al bypass biliopancreático con preservación gástrica por vía laparoscópica. Doce años de experiencia.

INTRODUCTION: An analysis is presented of the results in the treatment of morbid obesity after 12 years experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of patients subjected to surgery for morbid obesity from July 1998 to April 2010. Open techniques were initially used, and from January 2005 using biliopancreatic bypass with gastric diversion by a laparoscopic approach. RESULTS: A total of 165 patients have been subjected to surgery, 65 with open surgery (gastric bypass and Scopinaro), and 100 laparoscopic. The mean age was 40 years, with 74% females. The mean BMI was 48.6±6 kg/m(2), with 35% super-obese. The mean hospital stay was 7 days, with a morbidity of 26% (43 patients). Seven patients required further surgery, and 2 patients died. There was 99.4% follow-up during a median period of 46 months (1 to 141). There were complications of the gastro-jejunostomy in 17 patients. Seven patients required further surgery due to transmesenteric hernias. The rate of overweight lost was 67% (95% CI: 65-72%), 68% (95% CI: 65-72%) and 68% (95% CI: 63-73%) at 12, 36 and 60 months, respectively. The rate of excess BMI lost was 73% (95% CI: 70-76%), 74% (95% CI: 70-79%) and 74% (95% CI: 68-69%) at 12, 36 and 60 months, respectively. Comparing both approaches, there were more post-operative complications, longer hospital stays, and more incisional hernias in the open approach, with no significant differences found in the rest of the parameters analysed. CONCLUSION: Our long-term results are within those classified as excellent, with acceptable morbidity and mortality. A great advance has been observed in the laparoscopic approach due to the less aggressive surgery, and maintaining an excellent weight loss.

[Prosthetic material fixation in open inguinal hernioplasty: suture vs. synthetic glue]. / Fijación del material protésico en la hernioplastia inguinal abierta: sutura vs. cola sintética.

INTRODUCTION: The use of synthetic glues has become normal practice in several surgical fields. The objective of this study is to compare the short and medium term results of glue and conventional suture in the fixation of the prosthesis in open inguinal hernia repair with a plug and patch technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative prospective study was conducted on 198 patients with a diagnosis of a non-recurrent inguinal hernia subjected to open surgery and randomly assigned to mesh fixation with cyanoacrylate glue (n=101) or with suture (n=98). The demographic characteristics, short-term complications, hospital stay, time off work, hernia recurrence, and chronic inguinal neuralgia, were analysed. RESULTS: The overall morbidity was 13.9% in the glue group, and 30.9% in the suture group. No undue inflammatory reactions or mesh migration were observed in the group. The post-operative stay was 14.7h for the glue group, and 19.1h in the suture group (P<.0001). No differences were found regarding days off work. The short-term morbidity was higher in the suture group (19.6% vs. 10.9%). After one year, there was one recurrence in the suture group (1%), and none in the glue group. However, the incidence of moderate/severe intensity chronic neuralgia was 2.9% in the glue group, and 10.3% in the suture group (P=.03). CONCLUSION: The use of cyanoacrylate is safe and effective in open inguinal hernia repair, with good results in the short and medium term.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for hernia repair.

BACKGROUND: The use of antibiotic prophylaxis for hernia repair is currently a controversial issue given the disparity among study results in this area. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this systematic review was to clarify the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing postoperative wound infection rates in elective open inguinal hernia repair. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Colorectal Cancer Group specialized register, by crossing the terms herni* and inguinal or groin and the terms antimicr* or antibiot* , as free text and MeSH terms. A similar search were performed in Medline using the following terms: #1 antibiotic* OR antimicrob* OR anti infecti* OR antiinfecti*; #2 prophyla* OR prevent*; #3 #1 AND #2; #4 clean AND (surgery OR tech* OR proced*); #5 herni*; #6 (wound infection) AND #4; #7 #3 AND (#4 or #5 or #6). National Research Register, ISI-Web, DARE, Scirus, TRIPDATABASE, NHS EED, reference list of the included studies and web of clinical trials register (www.controlled-trials.com and clinicaltrials.gov) were checked to identify further studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Only randomised clinical trials were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: In the present review, we searched for eligible trials in October 2011. This revealed four new included trials, so seventeen trials are included in the meta-analysis. Eleven of them used prosthetic material for hernia repair (hernioplasty) whereas the remaining studies did not (herniorrhaphy). Pooled and subgroup analysis were conducted depending on whether prosthetic material was or not used. A fixed effects model was used in the analysis. MAIN RESULTS: The total number of patients included was 7843 (prophylaxis group: 4703, control group: 3140). Overall infection rates were 3.1% and 4.5% in the prophylaxis and control groups, respectively (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50 - 0.82). The subgroup of patients with herniorrhaphy had infection rates of 3.5% and 4.9% in the prophylaxis and control groups, respectively (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51 - 1.00). The subgroup of patients with hernioplasty had infection rates of 2.4% and 4.2% in the prophylaxis and control groups, respectively (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.38 - 0.81). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this systematic review the administration of antibiotic prophylaxis for elective inguinal hernia repair cannot be universally recommended. Neither can the administration be recommended against when high rates of wound infection are observed.

Profilaxis antibiótica y reparación herniaria. Resultado de una revisión sistemática cuantitativa / Antibiotic prophylaxis and hernia repair. Systematic quantitative review results

FUNDAMENTOS. La utilidad de la profilaxis antibiótica en la reparación herniaria se encuentra actualmente en controversia. Los estudios comparativos han mostrado resultados dispares, por lo que es difícil tener una idea clara de su utilidad. El objetivo del presente estudio es hacer una revisión sistemática cuantitativa o metaanálisis de los estudios controlados publicados sobre profilaxis antibiótica en la reparación herniaria, para mostrar la mejor evidencia posible sobre la utilidad de dicha profilaxis. MÉTODOS: Se han seguido los pasos descritos para la realización de una revisión sistemática cuantitativa, basados en la práctica de la medicina basada en la evidencia: formulación de una pregunta relevante (¿es útil la profilaxis antibiótica en la reparación herniaria inguinal electiva por vía abierta en la prevención de la infección postoperatoria de la herida quirúrgica?), búsqueda de las mejores evidencias disponibles, criterios de selección de los ensayos hallados, análisis de cada uno de ellos, combinación de resultados (método de Yusuf y Peto) y conclusiones. RESULTADOS. Se han hallado 12 estudios, de los cuales 8 han cumplido los criterios de inclusión en el metaanálisis. Nuestros resultados muestran que la profilaxis antibiótica en la reparación herniaria, se utilice o no material protésico, disminuye la tasa de infecciones en el 42 por ciento, 61 por ciento y 48 por ciento en herniorrafias, hernioplastias y en conjunto, respectivamente. El número de pacientes necesario a administrar profilaxis para evitar una infección postoperatoria es de 42 en herniorrafias, 37 en hernioplastias y 40 en la reparación herniaria de forma global. CONCLUSIONES. La profilaxis antibiótica en la reparación herniaria es útil en la prevención de la infección de herida. Sin embargo, esto no implica su administración indiscriminada, sino que hay que basarla en la tasa local de infección de herida y en el análisis de los factores de riesgo de los pacientes, para evitar su administración cuando se estime que el beneficio es escaso (AU)

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