Efficacy and safety of 0.5% colchicine cream versus 5% 5-fluorouracil cream in the treatment of cutaneous field cancerization: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract Background 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a first-line drug to treat cutaneous field cancerization (CFC). There are few clinical trials with topical colchicine (COL). Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of 0.5% COL cream versus 5% 5-FU cream in the treatment of CFC. Method This was a randomized, open, self-controlled clinical trial. Forty-five patients (90 forearms), with three to ten actinic keratoses (AK) on each forearm, used 0.5% COL cream 2×/day for seven days on one forearm, and 5% 5-FU cream 2× /day, for 21 days, on the other forearm. The dosages were defined based on previous clinical trials for each drug. Adverse effects were evaluated after 14 days and outcomes after 90 days of inclusion. The primary outcome was complete AK clearance and the secondary outcomes were: partial clearance (≥50%), reduction in AK count, assessment of the Forearm Photoaging Scale (FPS), AK Severity Score (AKSS), and adverse effects. Results After 90 days, there was complete clearance of AK in 37% (95% CI 24%-49%) and partial clearance in 85% (95% CI 76%-93%) of the forearms treated with 5-FU,versus 17% (95% CI 7%-27%) and 78% (95% CI 66%-88%) for COL (p > 0.07). There was a percentage reduction of 75% in the AK count of the forearms treated with 5-FU (95% CI 66%-83%) and 64% in those treated with COL (95% CI 55%-72%). Regarding FPS and AKSS, there was improvement in both groups, with no difference regarding FPS (p = 0.654), and 5-FU superiority for AKSS (p = 0.012). Study limitations Single-center study. Conclusions 5-FU and COL are effective for treating CFC, with neither showing superiority regarding the reduction in AK counts.

Efficacy and safety of 0.5% colchicine cream versus 5% 5-fluorouracil cream in the treatment of cutaneous field cancerization: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a first-line drug to treat cutaneous field cancerization (CFC). There are few clinical trials with topical colchicine (COL). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of 0.5% COL cream versus 5% 5-FU cream in the treatment of CFC. METHOD: This was a randomized, open, self-controlled clinical trial. Forty-five patients (90 forearms), with three to ten actinic keratoses (AK) on each forearm, used 0.5% COL cream 2×/day for seven days on one forearm, and 5% 5-FU cream 2× /day, for 21 days, on the other forearm. The dosages were defined based on previous clinical trials for each drug. Adverse effects were evaluated after 14 days and outcomes after 90 days of inclusion. The primary outcome was complete AK clearance and the secondary outcomes were: partial clearance (≥50%), reduction in AK count, assessment of the Forearm Photoaging Scale (FPS), AK Severity Score (AKSS), and adverse effects. RESULTS: After 90 days, there was complete clearance of AK in 37% (95% CI 24%-49%) and partial clearance in 85% (95% CI 76%-93%) of the forearms treated with 5-FU,versus 17% (95% CI 7%-27%) and 78% (95% CI 66%-88%) for COL (p > 0.07). There was a percentage reduction of 75% in the AK count of the forearms treated with 5-FU (95% CI 66%-83%) and 64% in those treated with COL (95% CI 55%-72%). Regarding FPS and AKSS, there was improvement in both groups, with no difference regarding FPS (p = 0.654), and 5-FU superiority for AKSS (p = 0.012). STUDY LIMITATIONS: Single-center study. CONCLUSIONS: 5-FU and COL are effective for treating CFC, with neither showing superiority regarding the reduction in AK counts.

Efficacy and safety of 0.5% colchicine cream versus 5% 5-fluorouracil cream in the treatment of cutaneous field cancerization: a randomized clinical trial

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a first-line drug to treat cutaneous field cancerization (CFC). There are few clinical trials with topical colchicine (COL). Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of 0.5% COL cream versus 5% 5-FU cream in the treatment of CFC. Method: This was a randomized, open, self-controlled clinical trial. Forty-five patients (90 forearms), with three to ten actinic keratoses (AK) on each forearm, used 0.5% COL cream 2×/day for seven days on one forearm, and 5% 5-FU cream 2× /day, for 21 days, on the other forearm. The dosages were defined based on previous clinical trials for each drug. Adverse effects were evaluated after 14 days and outcomes after 90 days of inclusion. The primary outcome was complete AK clearance and the secondary outcomes were: partial clearance (≥50%), reduction in AK count, assessment of the Forearm Photoaging Scale (FPS), AK Severity Score (AKSS), and adverse effects. Results: After 90 days, there was complete clearance of AK in 37% (95% CI 24%­49%) and partial clearance in 85% (95% CI 76%­93%) of the forearms treated with 5-FU,versus 17% (95% CI 7%­27%) and 78% (95% CI 66%­88%) for COL (p > 0.07). There was a percentage reduction of 75% in the AK count of the forearms treated with 5-FU (95% CI 66%­83%) and 64% in those treated with COL (95% CI 55%­72%). Regarding FPS and AKSS, there was improvement in both groups, with no difference regarding FPS (p = 0.654), and 5-FU superiority for AKSS (p = 0.012). Study limitations: Single-center study.

Ferramentas institucionais e políticas públicas para adolescentes e jovens no governo Bolsonaro / Institutional tools and public policies for adolescents and young people in the Bolsonaro government

Nos últimos anos, com a crescente entrada de atores conservadores e evangélicos nas três esferas de governo, tem havido forte oposição aos posicionamentos progressistas para discussão de políticas públicas. É urgente compreender as formas que o Estado brasileiro tem sido organizado e orientado a partir da forte influência da religião cristã, principalmente protestante evangélica, que transcende o governo do ex-presidente Jair Messias Bolsonaro, mas foi ali sobremaneira intensificado. A temática sobre políticas públicas para adolescentes e jovens é colocada em arena numa disputa de narrativas sobre autonomia e tutela. O principal objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar as proposições do governo federal, na esfera do executivo, durante o mandato do presidente da República (2019 a 2022) Jair Messias Bolsonaro, no que concerne às ferramentas institucionais e as políticas públicas voltadas para adolescentes e jovens, sobretudo em relação às políticas para saúde, educação e trabalho. A pesquisa tem como metodologia a análise de documentos oficiais/ferramentas institucionais - portarias, leis, programas, cadernos de publicação e notícias do governo executivo federal. A aliança do conservadorismo, moralidade cristã e neoliberalismo produziram uma construção e desconstrução do Estado brasileiro a partir de ferramentas que disputam as narrativas sobre sexualidade juvenil e os direitos humanos.

In recent years, with the growing entry of conservative and evangelical actors into the three spheres of government, there has been strong opposition to progressive positions when it comes to discussing public policies. It is urgent to understand the ways in which the Brazilian state has been organized and guided by the strong influence of the Christian religion, especially Protestant evangelicalism, which transcends the government of former president Jair Messias Bolsonaro, but has been greatly intensified there. The issue of public policies for adolescents and young people is placed in the arena of disputed narratives about autonomy and guardianship. The main objective of the research is to analyze the proposals of the federal government, especially in the executive spheres, during the mandate of the President of the Republic (2019 to 2022), Jair Messias Bolsonaro, with regard to institutional tools and public policies aimed at adolescents and young people, especially in relation to health, education and work policies. The methodology of the research is the documentary analysis of official documents/institutional tools - ordinances, laws, programs, publication notebooks and news from the federal executive government. The alliance of conservatism, Christian morality and neoliberalism has produced a construction and deconstruction of the Brazilian state using tools that dispute the narratives on youth sexuality and human rights.

Caso clínico: dispneia a esclarecer em criança: um desafio nem sempre fácil / Clinical case: dyspnea to be clarified in a child: a challenge that is not always easy

INTRODUÇÃO: A intolerância aos esforços é achado relevante dentre as queixas semióticas. Quando ocorre em crianças uma análise mais acurada é necessária para esclarecer os mecanismos da limitação ao esforço. Mesmo uma boa história clínica e um bom exame físico podem não ser suficientes. Assim, exames complementares guiarão para o diagnóstico mais preciso e uma conduta mais assertiva. CASO CLÍNICO: Masculino 10 anos, com dispneia aos esforços e asma desde a primeira infância e pouca resposta ao tratamento específico. Realizada investigação com Ressonância magnética que evidenciou duplo brônquio fonte a direita (acessório). Tal achado mostrou possível mecanismo de obstrução extrínseca para justificar o cansaço desproporcional em relação às demais crianças. Para melhor entendimento do quadro clínico e possíveis mecanismos limitantes à continuidade dos esforços foi realizado o teste cardiopulmonar de exercício (TCPE). O TCPE é o método ouro para investigar a dispneia aos esforços. Desse modo é possível identificar componentes cardiovascular, ventilatório, muscular periférico ou de troca-gasosa. Durante o esforço realizou-se manobras fluxo-volumétricas evidenciando redução de 390 ml da capacidade inspiratória (CI), queda de 15% em relação ao basal, além do deslocamento da alça fluxo-volume para esquerda, definindo critério de hiperinsuflação ou aprisionamento aéreo dinâmico. CONCLUSÃO: O relato revelou a importância do TCPE que através de abordagens de averiguação dos componentes diversos e possíveis limitantes, mostrou condicionamento físico aeróbico reduzido do paciente e foi decisivo no esclarecimento do predomínio do distúrbio ventilatório configurando um padrão compatível com broncoespasmo induzido pelo esforço (possivelmente atípico por ser de grandes vias aéreas).

"We want to hug a friend": the covid-19 pandemic among low-income adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the perceptions of adolescent students from a public school, of both sexes, living in a peripheral region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in relation to the covid-19 pandemic, with a special focus on their experiences regarding education and sociability. METHODS: This study is part of the Global Early Adolescent Study. Seven face-to-face focus groups were conducted with adolescents between 13 and 16 years old (19 girls and 15 boys) in 2021. RESULTS: The experience of remote teaching was frustrating for the adolescents, without the daily and personalized monitoring of the teacher(s). In addition to the difficult or impossible access to devices and the lack of support from schools, there is also the domestic environment, which made the schooling process more difficult, especially for girls, who were forced to take on more household and family care tasks. The closed school blocked an important space for socialization and forced family interaction, generating conflicts and stress in the home environment. The abrupt rupture brought feelings of fear, uncertainty, anguish and loneliness. The iterative evocation of the words "stuck", "alone" and "loneliness" and the phrase "there was no one to talk to" shows how most of the adolescents experienced the period of distancing. The pandemic aggravated the objective and subjective conditions of preexisting feelings, such as "not knowing the future" and the prospects of a life project. CONCLUSION: It has been documented how pandemic control measures implemented in a fragmented way and without support for the most impoverished families have negative effects on other spheres of life, in particular for poor young people. The school is a privileged territory to propose/construct actions that help adolescents to deal with problems aggravated in/by the pandemic.

Short-term Cafeteria Diet Is Associated with Fat Mass Accumulation, Systemic and Amygdala Inflammation, and Anxiety-like Behavior in Adult Male Wistar Rats.

Obesity is linked to metabolic, hormonal and biochemical alterations, and is also a risk factor for behavioral disorders. Evidence suggests that these disorders may be related to the consumption of hypercaloric diets, fat mass accumulation and changes in inflammation and redox status. Although much is known about the chronic effects of hypercaloric diets on mental health, few studies have evaluated the consequences of short-term exposure of these diets on behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional, behavioral (anxiety-like), inflammatory and redox status parameters in adult male Wistar rats exposed to short-term cafeteria diet. Adult Wistar male rats (90 days-old; n = 12/group) received, during 14 days, the diets: Control- standard diet; Simple Cafeteria Diet (SCD)- homogeneous cafeteria diet. Varied Cafeteria Diet (VCD)- cafeteria diet with rotation and variation. Nutritional analyzes and tests for anxiety-like behaviors were performed, in addition to inflammatory and redox status measurements in blood and amygdala. The SCD group showed higher fat energy intake, while the VCD group consumed more energy from carbohydrates. SCD and VCD showed higher fat mass accumulation, in addition to higher levels of TNFα, INFγ, TBARS and FRAP in the blood. Also, SCD and VCD groups reported high levels of TNFα in the amygdala. Regarding behavioral evaluations, SCD and VCD groups showed anxiogenesis in the elevated plus maze, light-dark box, and open field tests. Therefore, the two cafeteria diets induced obesity and systemic inflammation, which in turn, resulted in an increase in amygdala TNFα levels and anxiety-like behaviors in Wistar rats.

"We want to hug a friend": the covid-19 pandemic among low-income adolescents / "A gente quer abraçar o amigo": a pandemia de covid-19 entre adolescentes de baixa renda

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To examine the perceptions of adolescent students from a public school, of both sexes, living in a peripheral region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in relation to the covid-19 pandemic, with a special focus on their experiences regarding education and sociability. METHODS This study is part of the Global Early Adolescent Study. Seven face-to-face focus groups were conducted with adolescents between 13 and 16 years old (19 girls and 15 boys) in 2021. RESULTS The experience of remote teaching was frustrating for the adolescents, without the daily and personalized monitoring of the teacher(s). In addition to the difficult or impossible access to devices and the lack of support from schools, there is also the domestic environment, which made the schooling process more difficult, especially for girls, who were forced to take on more household and family care tasks. The closed school blocked an important space for socialization and forced family interaction, generating conflicts and stress in the home environment. The abrupt rupture brought feelings of fear, uncertainty, anguish and loneliness. The iterative evocation of the words "stuck", "alone" and "loneliness" and the phrase "there was no one to talk to" shows how most of the adolescents experienced the period of distancing. The pandemic aggravated the objective and subjective conditions of preexisting feelings, such as "not knowing the future" and the prospects of a life project. CONCLUSION It has been documented how pandemic control measures implemented in a fragmented way and without support for the most impoverished families have negative effects on other spheres of life, in particular for poor young people. The school is a privileged territory to propose/construct actions that help adolescents to deal with problems aggravated in/by the pandemic.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Examinar as percepções de adolescentes estudantes de uma escola pública, de ambos os sexos, moradores de uma região periférica da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, em relação à pandemia de covid-19, com especial enfoque em suas experiências quanto à educação e sociabilidade. MÉTODOS Este estudo faz parte do Global Early Adolescent Study. Foram conduzidos sete grupos focais presenciais com adolescentes entre 13 e 16 anos (19 meninas e 15 meninos),em 2021. RESULTADOS A experiência do ensino remoto foi frustrante para as/os adolescentes, sem o acompanhamento cotidiano e personalizado de professoras(es). Ao acesso difícil ou impossível aos dispositivos e à ausência de suporte das escolas é acrescido o ambiente doméstico, que dificultou o processo de escolarização, em especial para as meninas, obrigadas a assumir mais tarefas de cuidado da casa e da família. A escola fechada bloqueou espaço importante de socialização e forçou o convívio familiar, gerando conflitos e estresse. A abrupta ruptura trouxe sentimentos de medo, incerteza, angústia e solidão. A evocação iterativa das palavras "presa/o", "sozinha/o" e "solidão" e da frase "não teve ninguém pra conversar" mostra como grande parte das/os adolescentes experienciou o período de distanciamento. A pandemia agravou as condições objetivas e subjetivas de sentimentos preexistentes, como "não saber o futuro" e as perspectivas de projeto de vida. CONCLUSÃO Foi documentado como medidas de controle da pandemia implementadas de forma fragmentada e sem suporte às famílias mais empobrecidas têm efeitos negativos em outras esferas da vida, em particular para jovens pobres. A escola é um território privilegiado para se propor/construir ações que auxiliem as/os adolescentes a lidar com problemas agravados na/pela pandemia.

Compressão do tronco da coronária esquerda secundária à hipertensão arterial pulmonar por esquistossomose: relato de caso / Compression of the left main coronary artery secondary to pulmonary arterial hypertension due to schistosomiasis: case report

INTRODUÇÃO: A compressão extrínseca de coronárias (CEXC) é causa infrequente de angina porém grave devido ao risco de morte súbita, angina refratária e disfunção miocárdica. Cerca de 7-29% dos pacientes com hipertensão pulmonar apresentam sintomas anginosos que podem estar relacionados à CEXC pela Artéria Pulmonar (AP). O diâmetro da AP > 40mm é o principal determinante angiográfico de risco para CEXC. RELATO DE CASO: J.L.P.S., 46 anos, masculino, esquistossomose diagnosticada em 2000. Histórico de esplenectomia e hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) por hipertensão portal, e episódio de infarto agudo do miocárdio tipo II em 2019. Diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, sem hipertensão, dislipidemia ou outros fatores de risco cardiovascular. Paciente referiu quadro de angina CCS III há dois anos; cintilografia de perfusão do miocárdio com teste ergométrico (julho/2021) mostrou hipocaptação transitória em parede anterosseptal do ventrículo esquerdo (carga isquêmica 11%). Realizada angiografia coronária eletiva (agosto/2021) que demonstrou suboclusão em óstio e corpo do tronco da coronária esquerda (TCE), sem outras lesões. Indicada angiotomografia de coronárias (agosto/2021) que evidenciou compressão do TCE por dilatação da AP (50mm) e escore de cálcio de zero. Após discussão em Heart team, foi contraindicada a realização de procedimento invasivo (cirurgia ou angioplastia) por elevado risco cirúrgico, histórico de varizes esofágicas e HDA, sendo otimizado o tratamento clínico farmacológico (metformina, gliclazida, carvedilol, espironolactona, sildenafil, ambrisentana e furosemida). Durante seguimento clínico, realizou teste cardiopulmonar (fevereiro/2022) com baixa capacidade funcional (VO2 máx: 20 ml.kg-1.min-1) e isquemia com infradesnível do segmento ST no esforço submáximo e na recuperação. DISCUSSÃO: O tratamento ideal para a CEXC secundária a dilatação da AP por hipertensão pulmonar não está bem estabelecido, porém a intervenção coronária percutânea tem se mostrado eficaz e segura. O tratamento cirúrgico costuma ser reservado àqueles com outra indicação de cirurgia cardíaca. A esquistossomose mansônica, causa prevalente de varizes esofágicas e hipertensão pulmonar no Brasil, torna o tratamento da CEXC desafiador devido ao risco elevado de sangramento. CONCLUSÃO: A hipótese de CEXC deve ser investigada em pacientes com hipertensão pulmonar com sintomas anginosos e seu tratamento deve ser individualizado e discutido em Heart Team.

Social isolation and its impact on child and adolescent development: a systematic review / Isolamento social e seu impacto no desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to analyze the effects of social isolation on children's and teenagers' development, with emphasis on the possible impacts over their physical and mental health. Data source: Review of the literature following the standards of PRISMA using the SciELO, LILACS and PubMed databases. The following key-words were used: "social isolation" and "child development", "quarantine" and "adolescent development" according to the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and their translation to the Portuguese. Studies in English, Portuguese and Spanish from inception were included. Data synthesis: 519 studies were screened and 12 were included in the systematic review. Five of those focused the psychology and social issues, two of them the effects of pandemics on these issues; four studies reported on impacts on general health and two consequences over the hypothalamus- hypophysis - adrenal axis and the cognitive and social development. Conclusions: The review shows a strong association between social isolation and anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Social isolation leads to higher levels of cortisol and worse cognitive development. Therefore, the mental and physical health of children and adolescents need a careful follow up by health professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do isolamento social para o desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes, considerando consequências em médio e longo prazos, e entender possíveis impactos sobre a saúde mental e física. Fontes de dados: Revisão sistemática da literatura seguindo os parâmetros da lista Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e PubMed. Os descritores utilizados foram "social isolation" AND "child development", "quarantine" AND "child development", "social isolation" AND "adolescent development", "quarantine" AND "adolescent development" de acordo com o Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e seus equivalentes para a língua portuguesa, conforme os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). Incluíram-se artigos originais em inglês, português e espanhol, sem delimitação temporal. Síntese dos dados: Identificaram-se 519 referências, e, após critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 12 artigos foram analisados. Cinco abordaram a questão psicossocial (sendo dois sobre os efeitos das pandemias), quatro sobre os impactos na saúde em geral, dois sobre consequências no eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal e um sobre o desenvolvimento cognitivo e social. Conclusões: Os artigos revisados evidenciaram forte relação entre isolamento social e maior incidência de sentimentos como ansiedade e depressão na população de crianças e adolescentes. Além disso, identificaram-se aumento nos níveis de cortisol e piora no desenvolvimento cognitivo dessa faixa etária. Logo, o acompanhamento da saúde mental e física desses jovens por profissionais da saúde deve estar presente durante e após a pandemia.

Impactos da COVID-19 nos pacientes oncológicos: uma revisão sistemática / Impacts of COVID-19 on cancer patients: a systematic review

Introdução: Com a pandemia de coronavírus os pacientes oncológicos, que estão em tratamentos, nos quais a maioria são imunossupressores, se tornaram um grupo muito suscetível a formas graves da infecção. Logo, como forma de proteção e prevenção, a realização de exames de rastreio no ambiente hospitalar foi restringida, atrasando diversos diagnósticos e comprometendo a eficácia de tratamentos. Objetivos: Analisar a produção científica acerca do tema câncer e COVID-19, a fim de contribuir com informações sobre o assunto. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e PubMed. Os descritores utilizados foram "câncer" AND "COVID-19" de acordo com o Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e seus equivalentes para a língua portuguesa, conforme os descritores de Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). Foram incluídos artigos originais em inglês e português, sem delimitação temporal. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1.606 artigos e, após utilizar os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, nove foram incluídos para análise na revisão. Dentre os temas centrais abordados pelos estudos selecionados estão o impacto da pandemia em algumas áreas de acompanhamento do paciente oncológico, como: tratamento, telemedicina, diminuição de funcionários no atendimento ao paciente com câncer, diminuição dos ensaios clínicos, redução dos recursos financeiros e apoio psicológico a essa população. Conclusão: A pandemia afetou diretamente o modo de vida desse grupo, que sofreu com uma redução no atendimento médico e nos recursos dispostos a eles. Portanto, nota-se a necessidade de prestar um cuidado mais específico a esses pacientes em situação tão delicada durante a pandemia.

Introduction: During the coronavirus pandemic, oncological patients, who are undergoing treatments in which the majority are immunosuppressant, have become a group very susceptible to severe forms of the infection. Therefore, as a form of protection, their going to hospital environments were restricted, delaying diagnosis and compromising the effectiveness of treatments. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the scientific about the production of the theme cancer and COVID-19 in order to contribute with informations on the subject. Methods: Systematic review of literature using the SciELO, LILACS and PubMed. The following keywords were used: "cancer" AND "COVID-19" according to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and their translation to the Portuguese. Studies in English and Portuguese from inception were included. Results: 1,606 studies were screened and 9 were included in the systematic review after using the inclusion and exclusion criterias. Among the central themes addressed by the selected studies are the pandemic impacts in areas of monitoring oncological patients, such as: treatment, telemedicine, reduction of employees in the care of cancer patients, reduction of clinical trials, reduction of financial resources, and psychological support to that population. Conclusion: The pandemic directly affected the way of life of this group, which suffered from a reduction in medical care and the resources available to them. Therefore, there is a need to provide more specific care to these patients in such a delicate situation during the pandemic.

Social isolation and its impact on child and adolescent development: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the effects of social isolation on children's and teenagers' development, with emphasis on the possible impacts over their physical and mental health. DATA SOURCE: Review of the literature following the standards of PRISMA using the SciELO, LILACS and PubMed databases. The following key-words were used: "social isolation" and "child development", "quarantine" and "adolescent development" according to the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and their translation to the Portuguese. Studies in English, Portuguese and Spanish from inception were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: 519 studies were screened and 12 were included in the systematic review. Five of those focused the psychology and social issues, two of them the effects of pandemics on these issues; four studies reported on impacts on general health and two consequences over the hypothalamus- hypophysis - adrenal axis and the cognitive and social development. CONCLUSIONS: The review shows a strong association between social isolation and anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Social isolation leads to higher levels of cortisol and worse cognitive development. Therefore, the mental and physical health of children and adolescents need a careful follow up by health professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Exercise Training Improved Pulmonary Gas Exchange Abnormalities in Pulmonary Hypertension due to Heart Failure: A Case Report

Abstract Heart failure (HF) is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH), and reduced exercise capacity and exertional dyspnea are the most frequent concerns in patients with PH-HF. Indeed, carbon dioxide end-tidal partial pressure (PETCO 2 ) during exercise is a well-established noninvasive marker of ventilation/perfusion ratio in PH. We aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise training on PETCO 2 response during exercise in a 59-year-old woman with PH secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The patient with chronic fatigue and dyspnea at mild-to-moderate efforts was admitted to a cardiorespiratory rehabilitation program and had her cardiorespiratory response to exercise assessed during a cardiopulmonary exercise testing performed before and after three months of a thrice-weekly aerobic exercise training program. Improvements in aerobic capacity (23.9%) and endurance time (37.5%) and reduction in ventilatory inefficiency (-20.2%) was found after intervention. Post-intervention improvements in PETCO 2 at ventilatory anaerobic threshold (23.3%) and change in PETCO 2 kinetics pattern, with progressive increases from rest to peak of exercise, were also found. Patient also improved breathing pattern and timing of ventilation. This case report demonstrated for the first time that aerobic exercise training might be able to improve PETCO 2 response during exercise in a patient with PH-HF.

Infarto do miocárdio com supradesnível de ST sem lesões obstrutivas / Myocardial infarction with ST elevation without obstructive lesions

INTRODUÇÃO: MINOCA (Myocardial Infarction And Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries) refere-se ao infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) no qual as coronárias epicárdicas têm obstrução <50% à angiografia. Representa cerca de 10% dos IAMs, sendo mais frequente em mulheres jovens. Caso: Mulher, 57 anos, veio a nosso serviço em 31/08/2019 com precordialgia ao repouso há duas horas, irradiada para braço esquerdo, e náuseas. Era obesa e hipotireoidea. Negava tabagismo e antecedentes familiares de doença coronariana. Eletrocardiograma (ECG) da admissão: supradesnível de ST de 0,5 mm em D2, D3, AVF; 1 mm em V5 e V6; 0,5 mm em V3R e V4R e 1 mm em V7 e V8. Após trombólise com Alteplase, manteve dor e piora do supradesnível: 4,0 mm em D2, D3, AVF; 2 mm em V3 e V4; 1,5 mm em V3R e V4R. Transferida a hospital terciário para cateterismo na urgência, onde chegou já sem dor e supradesnível de ST de 1mm D2, D3, AVF; 0,5mm em V4,V5,V6, V7 e V8; sem supradesnível em V3R e V4R. Ecodopplercardiograma( 02/09/2019): acinesia inferior e inferolateral, fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) 45% e função ventricular direita preservada. Cateterismo (03/09/2019): coronária direita com bom calibre e lesão de 40% no óstio, sem lesões nas demais coronárias; acinesia inferomedial de VE. Ressonância cardíaca (05/09/2019): disfunção discreta de VE, acinesia inferior, medioapical e inferolateral mediobasal; hipocinesia inferior basal, com edema; realce tardio padrão coronariano transmural, sugestivo de IAM recente. A paciente recebeu tratamento clínico com ácido acetilsalicílico, clopidogrel, betabloqueador, estatina e inibidor do receptor de angiotensina, recebendo alta assintomática. Discussão: Erosão de placa, vasoespasmo, disfunção microvascular e hipercoagulabilidade podem estar envolvidos na gênese do MINOCA Ressonância magnética é importante para diagnóstico diferencial com outras entidades, como síndrome de Takotsubo e miocardite. Há poucos ensaios clínicos específicos;o tratamento é individualizado e baseado no provável mecanismo envolvido, além de medidas cardioprotetoras gerais. .Figura 1: ECG da admissão. Figura 2: ECG admissão V3R e V4R. Figura 3: ECG admissão V7 e V8. Figura 4: ECG imediatamente após trombólise. Figura 5: Retorno do supradesnível de ST após trombólise. Figura 6: Coronária direita à angiografia. Figura 7: Óstio da coronária direita à angiografia. Figura 8: Coronária esquerda à angiografia. Figura 9: Ressonância magnética com realce tardio transmural.

Tuberculose: conhecimento e adesão às medidas profiláticas em indivíduos contatos da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil / Tuberculosis: knowledge and adherence to prophylactic measures in contact individuals of the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

Resumo Introdução Para o controle da tuberculose, é fundamental interromper a cadeia de transmissão da doença. O Ministério da Saúde preconiza que 100% dos contatos sejam examinados e iniciem tratamento da Infecção Latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nesse sentido, o conhecimento sobre a doença e a adesão à profilaxia por parte desses contatos são fatores que podem interferir no adequado controle da tuberculose. Objetivo Descrever o conhecimento dos contatos de portadores de tuberculose sobre a doença e sua adesão às medidas profiláticas no Distrito Sanitário II em Recife/PE. Método Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, utilizando questionários padronizados, aplicados a 140 contatos de tuberculose notificados de janeiro a dezembro de 2015. Análise dos dados realizada por meio de frequências simples. Resultados Dentre os entrevistados, 75,7% eram do sexo feminino, 55% pardos, com baixos níveis de escolaridade e renda familiar. Destes, 84,3% acreditam que a tuberculose é grave, 48,6% consideram que a transmissão se faz compartilhando utensílios. Apenas 55% foram convidados para serem examinados e 76% referiram não saber que deveriam ir à consulta ou a importância desta. Conclusão Os contatos de tuberculose possuem precário conhecimento sobre a doença, baixa adesão à atenção primária à saúde e a busca ativa dos contatos ainda é ineficiente.

Abstract Background For the control of tuberculosis, it is essential to interrupt its chain of transmission. The Ministry of Health recommends 100% of contacts being examined and initiated treatment of the Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In this sense, the knowledge about the disease and adherence to prophylaxis by these contacts are factors that can interfere in the adequate control of tuberculosis. Objective To describe the knowledge of the contacts of tuberculosis patients on the disease and their adherence to prophylactic measures in the Sanitary District II in Recife / PE. Method A quantitative and descriptive study was carried out using standardized questionnaires, applied to 140 contacts of tuberculosis notified from January to December 2015. Data analysis carried out through simple frequencies. Results Among the interviewees, 75.7% were female, 55% brown, with low levels of schooling and family income; of these 84.3% believe that tuberculosis is serious, 48.6% consider that transmission is done by sharing utensils. Only 55% were invited to be examined and 76% reported not knowing they should go to the consultation or the importance of these. Conclusion The contacts of tuberculosis have poor knowledge about the disease, low adherence to primary health care and the active search for contacts is still inefficient.

Fasciite nodular na fronte: uma rara apresentação / Nodular fasciitis in the forehead: a rare presentation

A fasciite nodular é um tumor benigno, decorrente da proliferação reativa de células fibroblásticas ou miofibroblásticas de rápido crescimento e rica celularidade. Em adultos, o acometimento das extremidades é mais frequente; entretanto, outras regiões podem ser acometidas. Neste relato, é apresentada paciente feminina de 40 anos, com lesão nodular na fronte, com diagnóstico de fasciite nodular confirmado à histopatologia. O caso relatado procura destacar sua rara localização e alertar o dermatologista clínico para a sua inclusão entre os diagnósticos diferenciais das lesões tumorais na face.

Nodular fasciitis is a benign tumor resulting from the reactive proliferation of fibroblastic or myofibroblastic cells presenting rapid growth and rich cellularity. In adults, the extremities' involvement is more frequent; however, other regions can be affected. In this report, we present the case of a 40-year-old woman with a nodular lesion on the forehead. The histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of nodular fasciitis. The reported case highlights its rare location and alerts the clinical dermatologist in its inclusion among the differential diagnoses of tumor lesions on the face.