Prolonged detection of BPV2 in urine and blood of papillomatosis-affected cattle not grazing bracken fern.

BPV-2 infection can cause bladder infections in cattle that, when associated with bracken fern consumption, can progress to cancerous bladder tumors and also present as bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH). This study aimed to evaluate the prolonged natural BPV-2 infection in the blood and urine of cattle, excluding bracken fern consumption. Thirteen Girolando papillomatosis-affected cattle with no bracken fern contact history were monitored for 20 months. Blood, urine, and wart samples were collected for BPV-2 detection and clinical laboratory analyses. All animals showed the presence of BPV-2 in papillomas and blood, and 92.85% showed BPV-2 in urine, suggesting viral dissemination in the urinary tract. Despite all animals being infected with BPV-2, none showed BEH signs during the study. Thus, it was observed that BPV-2 infection alone didn't induce BEH over 20 months, implying a complex interaction with environmental factors or genetic predisposition. This underlines bracken fern consumption's critical role in urinary bladder carcinogenesis. The study underscores BEH's pathogenesis complexity, advocating longitudinal studies to comprehend BPV-2's role fully.

Bovine papillomavirus vertical transmission: BPV diversity and expression in maternal and fetal tissues.

Bovine Papillomaviruses (BPVs) constitute a diverse group within the Papillomaviridae family, playing a crucial role in bovine health and economic considerations. This study investigates the dynamics of vertical transmission of BPV in cattle, focusing on five cows and their reproductive tissues, as well as three gravid cows and their fetuses. DNA and RNA samples were extracted from the warts, fetal skin, placenta, uterus, ovary, and blood of cows, as well as the skin and blood of fetuses. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeted BPV types 1-6 and 8-14, was assessed in both cows and fetuses. Additionally, Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) examined BPV-2 E5 oncogene expression in the skin and reproductive sites of mother cows and fetuses. Our findings unveil a rich diversity of BPV types, including BPV-2, 3, 9, 10, 12, and 14, present in both maternal and fetal tissues. Intriguingly, certain types, namely BPV-4, 6, 8, and 11, were exclusively identified in maternal tissues A higher diversity of BPVs was observed in cow warts, followed by cow blood, fetal blood, and fetal skin. Strikingly similar BPV types in gravid cow blood and fetuses suggest primary dissemination through the bloodstream and transmission via the placenta, though detected in lower numbers in cow uterus and ovary. Histopathological analysis revealed no abnormalities in the reproductive tissues despite the presence of BPV. However, in one bladder sample from a cow that did not consume bracken fern, urothelial neoplasia in situ was observed. The study extends beyond detection, exploring the expression of the BPV-2 E5 oncogene in fetal tissues, providing insights into potential cell implications. Comparative analyses with previous studies highlight the uniqueness of our investigation, encompassing a broader array of BPV types in the gravid cows and their fetuses. The findings not only establish a foundation for further investigations into the mechanisms of vertical transmission but also highlight the need for targeted interventions and surveillance strategies to mitigate potential health risks associated with specific BPV types.

E7 Oncogene HPV58 Variants Detected in Northeast Brazil: Genetic and Functional Analysis.

Cervical cancer is associated with persistent infections by high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types that may have nucleotide polymorphisms and, consequently, different oncogenic potentials. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability and structural effects of the E7 oncogene of HPV58 in cervical scraping samples from Brazilian women. The study was developed with patients from hospitals in the metropolitan area of Recife, PE, Brazil. The most frequent HPV types were, in descending order of abundance, HPV16, 31, and 58. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the isolates were classified into sublineages A2, C1, and D2. Two positively selected mutations were found in E7: 63G and 64T. The mutations G41R, G63D, and T64A in the E7 protein reduced the stability of the protein structure. Utilizing an NF-kB reporter assay, we observed a decrease in the NK-kB pathway activity with the HPV58-E7 variant 54S compared to the WT E7. The other detected E7 HPV58 variants presented similar NF-kB pathway activity compared to the WT E7. In this study, it was possible to identify mutations that may interfere with the molecular interaction between the viral oncoproteins and host proteins.