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3.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther ; 40(6): 571-81, 2014 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25060292

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported an association between alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) or other forms of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and the genetic variant rs738409 (C>G) in adiponutrin/patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3). AIM: To evaluate the influence of this variant on ALC and other forms of ALD. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of previous studies on the relationship between rs738409 of PNPLA3 and ALD and meta-analysis was conducted in a random-effects model. Calculations of the odds ratios (ORs) and their confidence intervals (CIs), tests for heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: Database search identified 11 previous studies available for inclusion with a total of 3495 patients with ALD (2087 with ALC) and 5038 controls (4007 healthy subjects and 1031 alcoholics without ALD). Patients with ALC compared to controls had a significantly higher prevalence of the G allele when comparing GG vs. CC (OR 4.30, 95% CI 3.25-5.69; P < 0.00001) or GC vs. CC genotypes (GC vs. CC: OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.67-2.17) or under a recessive or dominant model. Similar results were found when comparing separately patients with ALC vs. alcoholics without ALD or healthy subjects. An association of the G allele with ALD emerged when comparing ALD patients vs. alcoholics without ALD and/or healthy subjects although moderate to large heterogeneity was observed. Our data suggested an additive genetic model for this variant in ALD. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis shows that the rs738409 variant of PNPLA3 is clearly associated with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.


Subject(s)
Lipase/genetics , Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/genetics , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Genetic Variation , Humans , Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/epidemiology , Odds Ratio
4.
Eur. j. anat ; 12(3): 145-151, dic. 2008. ilus, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-61834

ABSTRACT

Changes in the morphology and number ofprolactin-immunoreactive cells have beendescribed in hypothyroidism. However, noanalyses of the changes that occur in the proliferationof these cells have been undertaken.In order to determine the proliferation rate ofrat hypophyseal prolactin cells in hypothyroidismand whether the observed changes arerelated to increases in TRH, a doubleimmunohistochemical study for PCNA andprolactin was carried out in thyroidectomisedrats and in rats treated with TRH. TRH treatment,but not thyroidectomy, increased thepercentage of prolactin-producing cells inboth sexes (p<0.01). However, whereas thecellular proliferation of prolactin-producingcells was significantly increased in males(p<0.01) in both experimental designs, infemale rats the proliferation of prolactin-producingcells was increased after treatmentwith TRH, but not in thyroidectomised rats(p<0.01). Our results demonstrate —mainlyin male rats— that modifications in thehypophyseal-thyroid axis elicit changes inprolactin-producing cells that are related tothe proliferation rate of these cells. Theseresults suggest that sex-related effects of bothTRH and thyroid hormones could be involvedin the physiological regulation of the proliferationof pituitary prolactin-producing cells,because the responses to treatment with TRHwere different from the changes observed inthyroidectomised rats (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Female , Male , Prolactin/analysis , Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Hypothyroidism/etiology , Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Antithyroid Agents/therapeutic use , Immunohistochemistry/trends , Immunohistochemistry , Thyroidectomy/methods , Models, Animal , Thyroid Hormones/therapeutic use
5.
Bull Math Biol ; 69(6): 1815-26, 2007 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17443394

ABSTRACT

We describe a novel method to study drastic change in ecosystems, based on generic functions used in the study of phase transitions and related physical phenomena. We illustrate its use by applying it to the problem of shallow lake eutrophication, and express our results in terms of an interplay between phosphorus content in the water column and fluxes of this substance between the lake and both its biological community and its surroundings. We contrast our solution to this problem with a previous one based on the concept of resilience, and on bifurcation analysis of a dynamical equation that also involves phosphorus concentration and fluxes. We then suggest a generalized dynamical scheme incorporating the generic functions above, that reduces to our original method in the stationary condition, and allows in addition dealing with cyclic and chaotic regimes, as illustrated through a particular example.


Subject(s)
Ecology/methods , Ecosystem , Ecology/statistics & numerical data , Eutrophication , Fresh Water/analysis , Mathematics , Models, Biological , Nonlinear Dynamics , Phosphorus/analysis , Thermodynamics
6.
Eur. j. anat ; 8(1): 11-15, mayo 2004. graf, ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-137568

ABSTRACT

An immunocytochemical and morphometric study of pituitary GH-expressing cells was carried out in adult rats following chronic treatment with methimazole. The morphological results were correlated to the basal GH serum levels. In both sexes, hypothyroidism. induced by methimazolee produced a significant decrease of GH serum levels in relation to untreated animals (p<0.05). Morphometrically, methimazole induced significant decreases in the nuclear area (p<0.05) and in the numerical density of immunoreactive cells (p<0.05). In males, these modifications were accompanied by a significant decrease in cellular and cytoplasmic size (p<0.05), but this was not seen in females. Our results confirm the existence of a physiological stimulatory role of thyroid hormones on the activity of pituitary somatotroph cells that must be modulated by gonadal steroids because the effects of hypothyroidism were more evident in male than in female rats (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Hypothyroidism/chemically induced , Methimazole/adverse effects , Methimazole/pharmacology , Pituitary Gland/pathology , Immunohistochemistry/instrumentation , Immunohistochemistry , Growth Hormone/analysis
7.
Eur. j. anat ; 7(2): 91-95, sept. 2003. graf
Article in En | IBECS | ID: ibc-30363

ABSTRACT

Pituitary VIP levels and pituitary VIP-expressing cell numbers are increased in hypothyroidism, but the regulating role of TRH as regards morphological changes remains obscure. In order to determine whether TRH is involved in regulating the maintenance of pituitary VIP-expressing cells and its cellular proliferation a double immunocytochemical study for VIP and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was carried out in pituitary monolayer cultures treated with TRH. TRH induced a significant in vitro increase in the numerical density (p<0.01) and percentage (p<0.001) of VIP-expressing cells. These changes were accompanied by increases in VIP release (p<0.01) and in the size (p<0.01) of VIP-expressing cells. Our results suggest that TRH could regulate the maintenance of the percentage of pituitary VIP-expressing cells, their activity and their proliferation in a similar way to the way in which it regulates the release of VIP (AU)


Los niveles hipofisarios de VIP y el número de células que expresan VIP están aumentados en el hipotiroidismo, pero el papel regulador de TRH respecto a los cambios morfológicos permanece inaclarado. Con el fin de determinar si la TRH está implicada en la regulación del mantenimiento de las células hipofisarias que expresan VIP y su proliferación celular, se llevó a cabo un estudio inmunocitoquímico doble para VIP y el antígeno nuclear de proliferación celular (PCNA) en cultivos hipofisarios monocapa tratados con TRH. TRH indujo un aumento significativo in vitro de la densidad numérica (p<0.01) y el porcentaje (p<0.001) de las células que expresan VIP. Estos cambios estuvieron acompañados por aumentos de la liberación de VIP (p<0.01) y del tamaño (p<0.01) de las células VIP-positivas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la TRH podría regular el mantenimiento del porcentaje, actividad y proliferación de las células que expresan VIP, de forma similar al modo en que regula la liberación de VIP (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/genetics , Pituitary Gland/physiology , Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/physiology , Gene Expression
8.
Homeopathy (Londres. 2002) ; 92(1): 30-34, jan. 2003. ilus
Article in English | HomeoIndex Homeopathy | ID: hom-6867

ABSTRACT

We explore the feasibility of using mutual information to characterize the homeopathic effect. This quantity measures the information gained about a signal at time, from its value at an earlier... (AU)


Subject(s)
Information Theory , Heart Rate , Strophantus hispidus
9.
Homeopathy (Londres. 2002) ; 91(4): 221-224, oct. 2002. ilus
Article in English | HomeoIndex Homeopathy | ID: hom-6858

ABSTRACT

It is argued that succussion drives the homeopathic tincture undergoing potentisation to a turbulent regime, where vortices continually formanddisappear, ranging in size from the linear extent of the... (AU)


Subject(s)
Dynamization , Fluid Turbulence , Basic Homeopathic Research
10.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 69(6): 570-573, jun. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-887

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La muerte por obstrucción neoplásica de antro gástrico suele presentar características dramáticas para el paciente y su entorno familiar ante la aparición de vómitos incoercibles y regurgitación continua de secreciones gástricas y salivales. Cuando la resección quirúrgica no es posible, los métodos alternativos como la derivación o la yeyunostomía de alimentación no ofrecen una paliación adecuada. El creciente uso de prótesis autoexpandibles en el tubo digestivo nos animó a intentar aliviar a nuestros pacientes con este procedimiento. Pacientes y método. Se presentan 3 casos de pacientes con estenosis tumoral de antro gástrico, diseminación metastásica hepática e intolerancia oral completa con regurgitación constante y vómitos. Les fue implantada una prótesis intratumoral con ayuda del endoscopio. Resultados. La tolerancia oral a las pocas horas del procedimiento fue óptima, desapareciendo la clínica. Las molestias secundarias a la implantación no requirieron analgésicos. La supervivencia mayor fue de más de un año. Discusión. Los procedimientos alternativos, como la derivación gástrica o la yeyunostomía de alimentación, requieren una intervención quirúrgica, que además es de dudosos beneficios. La derivación, no siempre posible, presenta problemas de vaciado, por lo que casi siempre persiste la intolerancia completa o incompleta. La yeyunostomía no resuelve la clínica de regurgitación del paciente, alargando inútilmente el sufrimiento del mismo. Conclusión. Pese a la complejidad técnica de su colocación, que se apunta brevemente en el trabajo, la prótesis intratumoral es el tratamiento paliativo de elección para pacientes con estenosis maligna del antro gástrico irresecable (AU)


Subject(s)
Pyloric Antrum/surgery , Pyloric Stenosis/surgery , Pyloric Stenosis/complications , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/surgery
11.
Cir. pediátr ; 14(2): 53-56, abr. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-8631

ABSTRACT

Fundamento. La información escrita que se le proporciona al paciente debe reunir una serie de características, cuantitativas y cualitativas, para que cumpla los criterios éticos que rigen la teoría del Consentimiento Informado.Objetivos. Evaluar el grado de exhaustitividad y legibilidad de una serie de documentos de Consentimiento Informado usados en distintos servicios de Cirugía Pediátrica.Material y métodos. 1. Formularios: se han analizado 118 documentos correspondientes a 17 servicios. 2. Exhaustividad: las variables estudiadas han sido: nombre del hospital, nombre del paciente, nombre del médico, fecha, descripción de fa intervención, objetivos, mención de riesgos, riesgos personalizados, posibilidad de recuperación. beneficios de la intervención, alternativas, posibilidad de retirar el consentimiento, disposición a ampliar la información, comprensión del documento, consentimiento expreso y firmas. Todas das variables son dicotómicas, recogiéndose su presencia o ausencia. 3. Legibilidad: cada documento se ha introducido en el programa Corel Word Perfect, versión 8 para Windows. Se le aplicó la utilidad Grammatik y se recogieron las variables: número de palabras, número de frases, índice de Flesch/Kincaid, índice de Complejidad Oracional y LEGIN.Resultados. I . Exhaustividad: la presencia de apartados en los distintos formularios por orden de frecuencia fueron: firma del médico (en el 100/ de dos documentos), consentimiento expreso (100 por ciento), firmas (100171), fecha (98 por ciento), nombre del paciente (97 por ciento), ), comprensión del documento (970/ ), nombre del médico (940/mención de riesgos (92 por ciento), nombre del hospital (85 por ciento), descripción de la intervención (78 por ciento), posibilidad de retirar el consentimiento (701/(), riesgos personalizados (671/) disposición a ampliar información (43 por ciento), explicar alternativas (411/) objetivos de la intervención (360/(), beneficios (360/1), posibilidad de recuperación (161/1). 2. Legibilidad: el 11, 1 por ciento de los documentos cumple el índice de Flesch, el 27,9170 el índice de Complejidad Oracional y el 22,1 por ciento el índice LEGIN.Conclusiones. La mayoría de dos documentos ofrece suficiente cantidad de información con respecto al aspecto formad y los riesgos y menos con respecto a los beneficios. Esto parece señalar su carácter defensivo más que informativo. Igualmente, son difíciles de leer y por tanto, difíciles de comprender (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Informed Consent , Ethics, Medical
12.
Article in English | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-963467

ABSTRACT

In cases of acute abdomen diagnosed clinically, in which the cause is strongly suspected to be ruptured peptic ulcer, x-ray of the abdomen will be of considerable helpIn cases with symptoms of acute abdomen it is not a waste of energy and money to request radiography whenever it is available.(Conclusion)

13.
Br. homoeopath. j ; 88(3): 106-111, july 1999. tab, graf
Article in English | HomeoIndex Homeopathy | ID: hom-6141

ABSTRACT

We record ECGs from healthy human subjects during 24-h long intervals, using ambulatory equipment. We calculate from the data various parameters, searching for those that change in a clear and systematic way under... (AU)


Subject(s)
Basic Homeopathic Research , Strophantus hispidus/adverse effects
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