[Microscopic excision of a colloyd cyst of the third ventricle assisted by endoscopy. Case report and literature analysis.] / Exéresis microquirúrgica de quiste coloide del tercer ventrículo asistido por endoscopía. Presentación de un caso y revisión bibliográfica.

Introduction: Colloid cysts are histologically benign lesions, probably derived from the endoderm, which represent 0.3-2% of brain tumors. They are usually attached to the roof of the third ventricle in direct relation to the foramen of Monro, which can cause a blockage to the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, determining hydrocephalus and in some cases sudden death. Other more common symptoms are headache, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, gait ataxia, and cognitive impairment. Treatment options include microsurgery, endoscopy, stereotaxic casting, or cerebrospinal fluid shunts for the treatment of hydrocephalus. The objective of surgery is the total excision of the lesion. It should be noted that the microsurgical technique allows total excision more frequently, but at the cost of greater manipulation and tissue trauma; on the contrary, endoscopic being minimally invasive, allows better tissue preservation, although the rates of complete tumor excision are usually lower due to the difficulties in dissecting the lesions densely adhered to the roof of the third ventricle. Method: We present a clinical case of a patient with a third ventricle tumor compatible with a colloid cyst, with progressive hydrocephalus, operated with microsurgical technique and endoscopic assistance. Result: Total excision of the colloid cyst with improvement of the symptoms. Antegrade memory disorder that resolved completely after 3 months. Conclusion: The endoscopy-assisted microsurgical technique is safe for the management of this pathology and provides intraoperative benefits.

Introducción: Los quistes coloides son lesiones histológicamente benignas, probablemente derivadas del endodermo, que representan el 0,3-2% de los tumores cerebrales. Habitualmente se encuentran adheridas al techo del tercer ventrículo en relación directa con el foramen de Monro, lo que puede provocar un bloqueo a la circulación del líquido cefalorraquídeo determinando hidrocefalia y en algunos casos muerte súbita. Otros síntomas más habituales son cefalea, náuseas y vómitos, visión borrosa, ataxia de la marcha y deterioro cognitivo. Las opciones terapéuticas incluyen la microcirugía, endoscopia, vaciamiento estereotáxico o derivaciones de líquido cefalorraquídeo para el tratamiento de la hidrocefalia. El objetivo de la cirugía es la exéresis total de la lesión. Se destaca que la técnica microquirúrgica permite exéresis totales con más frecuencia, pero a costa de mayor manipulación y traumatismo tisular; por el contrario la endoscópica al ser mínimamente invasiva permite mejor preservación tisular, aunque los índices de exéresis completa del tumor suelen ser menores debido a las dificultades para disecar a las lesiones densamente adheridas al techo del tercer ventrículo. Método: Se presenta un caso clínico de un paciente con un tumor del tercer ventrículo compatible con quiste coloide, con hidrocefalia evolutiva, operado con técnica microquirúrgica y asistencia endoscópica. Resultado: Exéresis total del quiste coloide con mejoría de la sintomatología. Trastorno mnésico anterógrado que resolvió a los 3 meses completamente. Conclusión: La técnica microquirúrgica asistida por endoscopia es segura para el manejo de esta patología y aporta beneficios intraoperatorios.

Computed Tomographic Localization of the Central Sulcus: A Morphometric Study in Adult Patients.

AIM: To accurately describe the relations between the anatomical landmarks of the cranial convexity and the main cortical structures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional, observational study was performed. Computed tomography scans of 71 adult patients with no pathological imaging were analyzed. The position of the bregma and the central sulcus was determined. The distances from bregma to the pre-central and post-central sulci were calculated. The relationships from the nasion and glabella to cortical structures were also assessed. RESULTS: The mean distances between the bregma and the pre-central, central and post-central sulci were 26.8 ± 7.2; 47.8 ± 5.9 and 60.6 ± 5.7 mm, respectively, without gender discrepancy. The mean distance nasion-bregma and the nasion-related measures showed significant differences among sexes. CONCLUSION: The central sulcus was located accurately, on average 47.8 mm behind the bregma, which should be used instead of nasion in order to avoid gender discrepancy. The data obtained provide useful and reliable information to guide neurosurgical procedures.

Tratamiento endoscópico de 140 tumores de hipófisis, resultados y complicaciones / Endoscopic treatment of 140 pituitary tumors, results and complications

Objetivo: Presentar los resultados y las complicaciones de 140 pacientes con adenomas hipofisarios operados por vía transnasal endoscópica en un período de 4 años. Material y métodos: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo desde marzo del 2011 hasta diciembre del 2014. Se analizaron las imágenes, los estudios oftalmológicos y hormonales, tanto pre como postoperatorios, así como también la morbimortalidad asociada al procedimiento quirúrgico. Resultados: Se registró un 57,9% de pacientes con tumores funcionantes (n = 81), siendo la patología más frecuente la acromegalia (29,3%). El 78,6% fueron macroadenomas (n = 110), de los cuales el 56,4% (n = 62) presentaban invasión del seno cavernoso; 61 presentaron alteración en el campo visual computarizado (44%). Tras la intervención, el 50,8% de los pacientes obtuvo mejoría. En un 60% de los casos se alcanzó una resección completa. De los pacientes con patología funcionante (81 casos), un 25% persistió con enfermedad activa tras la cirugía. Se registró un 15% de pacientes complicados (n = 21) y un solo fallecimiento (0,7%). Conclusión: Según los resultados obtenidos, esta técnica presenta baja morbimortalidad y elevado éxito terapéutico. La principal limitante para la resección quirúrgica completa es la invasión del seno cavernoso

Objective: To present the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 140 patients with pituitary adenomas treated by an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) over a period of 4 years. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis was performed between 2011 and 2014. Pre and post operative MRI, ophtalmological assessment, endocrinological laboratory evaluation and surgical morbidity and mortality were assessed. Results: 57,9% of the patients had functional tumors (n = 81), acromegaly being the most frequent sub-type (29.3%). 78.6% of the lesions were macroadenomas (n = 110) of which 56.4% (n = 62) involved the cavernous sinus, 61 patients presented with visual field defects (44%) of which 50.8% of patients showed improvement after surgery. Gross total removal was achieved in 60% of the cases. Hormonal remission was achieved in the 75% of the patients with functional tumors. The morbidity rate was 15% and one patient died after surgery (mortality 0.7%). Conclusion: EEA is a safe and effective tool to treat pituitary adenomas. The main limitation for complete surgical resection is the cavernous sinus invasion

[Endoscopic treatment of 140 pituitary tumors, results and complications]. / Tratamiento endoscópico de 140 tumores de hipófisis, resultados y complicaciones.

OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 140 patients with pituitary adenomas treated by an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) over a period of 4 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed between 2011 and 2014. Pre and post operative MRI, ophtalmological assessment, endocrinological laboratory evaluation and surgical morbidity and mortality were assessed. RESULTS: 57,9% of the patients had functional tumors (n=81), acromegaly being the most frequent sub-type (29.3%). 78.6% of the lesions were macroadenomas (n=110) of which 56.4% (n=62) involved the cavernous sinus, 61 patients presented with visual field defects (44%) of which 50.8% of patients showed improvement after surgery. Gross total removal was achieved in 60% of the cases. Hormonal remission was achieved in the 75% of the patients with functional tumors. The morbidity rate was 15% and one patient died after surgery (mortality 0.7%). CONCLUSION: EEA is a safe and effective tool to treat pituitary adenomas. The main limitation for complete surgical resection is the cavernous sinus invasion.