ABSTRACT
Introduction: We describe the 24-month incidence of Dolutegravir (DTG)-containing antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation since its introduction in 2019 in the pediatric West African IeDEA cohorts. Methods: We included all patients aged 0-24 years on ART, from nine clinics in Côte d'Ivoire (n=4), Ghana, Nigeria, Mali, Benin, and Burkina Faso. Baseline varied by clinic and was defined as date of first DTG prescription; patients were followed-up until database closure/death/loss to follow-up (LTFU, no visit ≥ 7 months), whichever came first. We computed the cumulative incidence function for DTG initiation; associated factors were explored in a shared frailty model, accounting for clinic heterogeneity. Results: Since 2019, 3,350 patients were included; 49% were female;79% had been on ART ≥ 12 months. Median baseline age was 12.9 years (IQR: 9-17). Median follow-up was 14 months (IQR: 7-22). The overall cumulative incidence of DTG initiation reached 35.5% (95% CI: 33.7-37.2) and 56.4% (95% CI: 54.4-58.4) at 12 and 24 months, respectively. In univariate analyses, those aged <5 years and females were overall less likely to switch. Adjusted on ART line and available viral load (VL) at baseline, females >10 years were less likely to initiate DTG compared to males of the same age (aHR among 10-14 years: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.54-0.72; among ≥15 years: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.36-0.50), as were those with detectable VL (> 50 copies/mL) compared to those in viral suppression (aHR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77-0.97) and those on PIs compared to those on NNRTIs (aHR after 12 months of roll-out: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.65-0.86). Conclusion: Access to paediatric DTG was incomplete and unequitable in West African settings: children <5years, females ≥ 10 years and those with detectable viral load were least likely to access DTG. Maintained monitoring and support of treatment practices is required to better ensure universal and equal access. Key messages: What is already known on this topic?: Dolutegravir (DTG)-based ART regimens are recommended as the preferred first-line ART regimens recommended by the World Health Organisation in all people living with HIV since 2018, with a note of caution for pregnant women, then confirmed in all children with approved DTG dosing and adolescents since 2019.Deployment of universal DTG access in adults in West Africa has faced challenges such as infrastructure challenges, and healthcare system disparities, and was hindered by initial perinatal safety concerns affecting greatly women of childbearing age.Specific data on access to DTG in children, adolescents and young adults in West Africa is limited.What this study adds ?: This study describes the dynamic of the DTG roll-out over the first 24 months and its correlates since 2019 in a large West African multicentric cohort of children, adolescents and youth.We observed a rapid scale-up of DTG among children, adolescents and young adults living with HIV in West Africa, despite the COVID-19 pandemic.However, DTG access after 24 months was incomplete and unequitable, with adolescent girls and young women being less likely to initiate DTG compared to males, as were those with a detectable viral load (> 50 copies/mL) compared to those in success.Younger children < 5 years were also less likely to initiate DTG, explained by the later approval of paediatric formulations and their low availability.How this study might affect research, practice or policy?: Maintained monitoring, training and updating guidance for healthcare workers is essential to ensure universal access to DTG, especially for females, for whom inequity begins age 10 years.Efforts to improve access to universal DTG in West Africa require multifaceted interventions including healthcare infrastructure improvement and facilitation of paediatric antiretroviral forecasting and planification.
ABSTRACT
Introduction : Les cardiopathies congénitales critiques représentant 25% des cardiopathies congénitales et s'accompagnent souvent de désaturation, d'où l'intérêt de l'utilisation de la saturation pulsée en oxygène pour favoriser leur détection chez tous les nouveau-nés avant la sortie de maternité et un traitement adéquat. Au Bénin la saturométrie de dépistage est encore peu utilisée. Cette étude avait pour objectif d'étudier l'apport de la saturométrie dans le dépistage des cardiopathies congénitales cyanogènes au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou en 2019. Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique qui s'est déroulée du 15 mai au 13 novembre 2019 et ayant inclus les nouveau-nés, nés au CNHU- HKM. Tous les enfants ont bénéficié d'un examen clinique et d'un test de saturométrie. L'échographie Döppler cardiaque a été réalisée chez tous les patients et utilisée comme gold standard pour déterminer les performances diagnostiques de la saturométrie pour le dépistage des cardiopathies congénitales cyanogènes. Résultats : un total de 379 nouveau-nés ont été inclus. L'acceptabilité parentale était de 72,64%. La saturométrie a permis de détecter 4 cas d'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire persistante du nouveau-né (HTAPP) associée à un foramen ovale shuntant droite-gauche. La saturométrie de dépistage avait une sensibilité de 100%, une spécificité de 94,93% et une valeur prédictive positive à 17,4%. Malgré son faible caractère discriminant pour les autres causes de désaturation, la valeur prédictive négative était de 100%. L'examen clinique améliore les performances diagnostiques de la saturométrie pour le dépistage des cardiopathies congénitales cyanogènes. Conclusion : La saturométrie est un test de dépistage aisément utilisable dans nos conditions de travail et avec une bonne acceptabilité parentale. Malgré son faible caractère discriminant, ses performances diagnostiques sont excellentes pour le dépistage des cardiopathies congénitales cyanogènes.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Critical congenital heart disease represented 25% of congenital heart disease and are often accompanied by desaturation, hence the interest to use pulse oximeter in order to detect all newborns who have congenital heart disease before discharge after birth. In Benin, pulse oximetry screening is rarely used. This study aimed to study the contribution of s pulse oximetry screening in the detection of cyanotic congenital heart disease at the CNHU-HKM in Cotonou in 2019. Results: 379 newborns were included. The parental acceptability was 72.64%. Pulse oximetry detected 4 cases of newborn pulmonary hypertension with a permeable foramen oval and right to left shunt. Pulse oximetry screening had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94.93%, a positive predictive value of 17.4%. Despite its low discriminating character for the other causes of desaturation, its negative predictive value was 100%. Clinical examination improves results of pulse oximetry to detect cyanotic congenital heart disease. Conclusion: Pulse oximetry is a screening test easily used in our condition with a good parental acceptability. Despite its low discriminating character, it has an excellent accuracy to detect cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Oximetry , Neonatal Screening , Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular , Heart Defects, CongenitalABSTRACT
Le syndrome d'Alagille, est une affection multisystémique héréditaire de transmission autosomique dominante. Sa prévalence est estimée à 1 pour 70 000 à 100 000 naissances vivantes. Nous rapportons l'observation d'un jeune nourrisson de 6 semaines suivi au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou, Bénin. Le diagnostic est basé sur l'association de la dysmorphie faciale, des atteintes hépatiques, cardiaques, et oculaires. L'évolution a été défavorable avec décès au bout d'une semaine témoignant du pronostic sombre des formes avec cardiopathie complexe associée. Le syndrome d'Alagille reste un diagnostic différentiel des syndromes de cholestase chronique en pédiatrie et mérite d'être connu
Subject(s)
Alagille Syndrome , Alagille Syndrome/diagnosis , Benin , Infant , PrognosisABSTRACT
Double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) is a very rare cardiac defect in which the right ventricle is divided by anomalous muscle bundle into two chambers. It is associated with other malformations in 80-90% of cases. Clinical presentation varies and depends on the extent of the intraventricular obstruction. We here report the case of a 16-year old teenager with isolated DCRV revealed by recurrent syncopes. The diagnosis was made using Doppler echocardiography. The patient underwent successful surgical resection of the abnormal muscle band.
