Compact laser modulation system for a transportable atomic gravimeter.

Nowadays, atom-based quantum sensors are leaving the laboratory towards field applications requiring compact and robust laser systems. Here we describe the realization of a compact laser system for atomic gravimetry. Starting with a single diode laser operating at 780 nm and adding only one fiber electro-optical modulator, one acousto-optical modulator and one laser amplifier we produce laser beams at all the frequencies required for a Rb-87 atomic gravimeter. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an atomic fountain configuration can also be implemented with our laser system. The modulated system reported here represents a substantial advance in the simplification of the laser source for transportable atom-based quantum sensors that can be adapted to other sensors such as atomic clocks, accelerometers, gyroscopes or magnetometers with minor modifications.

Atención en salud de personas LGBT+: perspectivas desde la comunidad local penquista / Health-care on LGBT+ people: perspectives from the local community from Concepción

RESUMEN La atención en salud a personas de la diversidad sexual (LGBT+), se ve afectada negativamente por la heternormatividad que ha regido históricamente nuestra sociedad. Se destaca la marginalización de este grupo de la población en el sistema de salud, debido a distintas discriminaciones y vulneraciones de derechos, que se convierten en barreras de salud. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer la experiencia en atención en salud que reciben personas adultas LGBT+ del Gran Concepción. Para esto, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, enmarcadas en una investigación de tipo cualitativa, por medio del uso de Teoría Fundamentada. Cuatro categorías principales emergieron desde la codificación de las 6 entrevistas realizadas, correspondientes a "Heteronormatividad", "Desinformación de profesionales de la salud", "Desinformación sobre deberes y derechos de los y las pacientes" y "Reconocimiento de la diversidad". Se concluye que la formación de profesionales de la salud es de gran relevancia, en conjunto a la participación social de la comunidad LGBT+. Ambos aspectos actúan como estrategias para superar las desigualdades y la marginalización de la población LGBT+ en salud.

ABSTRACT Health care for people who identify themselves as part of the LGBT+ community is negatively affected by heteronormativity, which has historically ruled our society. The marginalization of this group of society in our health care system stands out. Its causes are different discriminations and violations of LGBT+ people's rights, which become health barriers. The objective of this research was to know the health care experience of LGBT+ adults from Concepción. Semi-structured interviews were carried out, in the context of a qualitative research, through the use of Grounded Theory. Four main categories emerged from the coding of the 6 interviews, corresponding to "Heteronormativity", "Disinformation from health care professionals", "Disinformation about patients' rights and duties" and "Diversity acknowledgement". It is concluded that health care professionals' training is of the upmost importance, as much as social participation of the LGBT+ community. Both together act as strategies to overcome LGBT+ population inequalities and marginalization, in the context of health care.

Terapias biológicas en tiempos de COVID-19 / Biological therapies in times of COVID-19

La infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ha planteado importantes de-safíos para pacientes con enfermedades reumatológicas autoinmunes en tratamiento con agentes biológicos. Actualmente no hay evidencia contundente sobre cómo esta terapia afecta el riesgo de adquirir esta infección o su evolución. Sin embargo, hay datos sobre el riesgo de infecciones virales con agentes biológicos en pacientes con enfermedades reumatológicas y específicamente cuál ha sido la experiencia de pacientes inmunosuprimidos con otros coronavirus. Además, ya se han publicado algunos estudios observacionales que han examinado la incidencia y severidad de COVID-19 en pacientes usuarios de biológicos. Por último, el cre-ciente conocimiento sobre la fisiopatología de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 está paradójicamente apoyando el papel beneficioso de algunos agentes biológicos como los inhibidores de IL-6 (Tocilizumab) e IL-1 (Anakinra) en COVID-19 grave. Se revisará la evidencia disponible para el manejo de pacientes reumatológicos con terapias biológicas en tiempos de pandemia.

The infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has posed significant challenges for patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases being treated with biological agents. There is currently no conclusive evidence on how this therapy affects the risk of acquiring this infection or its outcomes. However, there are data on the risk of viral infections with biological agents in patients with rheumatologic diseas-es, and specifically what has been the experience of immunosuppressed patients with other coronaviruses. In addition, some observational studies have already been published that have examined the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in pa-tients using biologics. Finally, the growing knowledge about the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection is paradoxically supporting the beneficial role of some biological agents such as IL-6 (Tocilizumab) and IL-1 (Anakinra) inhibitors in severe COVID-19. The available evidence for the management of rheumatology patients with biological therapies in times of pandemic will be reviewed.

Perspectiva de género en la educación médica: incorporación, intervenciones y desafíos por superar / Gender perspective in medical education: mainstreaming, interventions and challenges for supercar

RESUMEN La ausencia de una perspectiva de género incorporada en la enseñanza médica genera múltiples desigualdades en la atención de salud, en particular a las mujeres y a las personas LGBT+. Para contrarrestar esto, se han realizado múltiples intervenciones en distintas facultades de salud, desde la aproximación de la salud de la mujer, la medicina de género y la medicina basada en sexo y género. No obstante, pese a que se valoran positivamente las intervenciones realizadas, la mayoría tiende a no perdurar en el tiempo debido a obstáculos comunes entre distintas instituciones de enseñanza en salud. Así, se concluye que la incorporación de una conciencia de género en la formación inicial de profesionales médicos es de suma urgencia.

ABSTRACT The lack of a gender perspective within medical education generates various types of inequalities on people's health care, particularly of women and LGBT+ people. As a response to this, there have been many interventions at faculties of health, from the approaches of women's health, gender medicine and medicine based on sex and gender. However, even though these interventions are regarded as positive, most of them don't last through time, due to common obstacles between different institutions of medical education. Thus, the incorporation of gender awareness in initial training of medical professionals is of the utmost importance.

Population data for 21 autosomal STR loci (GlobalFiler kit) in two Mexican-Mestizo population from the northwest, Mexico.

Mexican Mestizos (admixed) have been poorly studied for short tandem repeats (STRs) included for new human identification (HID) kits, such as the GlobalFiler PCR Amplification kit. Therefore, this kit was analyzed in 784 unrelated volunteers from the city of Tijuana (n = 381) and Sonora state (n = 403) in the northwest region of Mexico. Allele frequencies, forensic parameters, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and linkage equilibrium were estimated or evaluated for 21 autosomal STRs, respectively. For this HID kit, the combined power of discrimination (PD) was > 0.99999999999999 (RMP range = 1.23 to 3.0 × 10-25), and the combined power of exclusion (PE) were 0.999999993 and 0.999999997 in Tijuana city and Sonora state, respectively. Interpopulation analyses based on STRs of the GlobalFiler kit was performed, including four Mexican Native American, one Mexican Mestizo, and four ethnic American populations (USA), previously studied. The low-but significant-differentiation observed among Mexican Mestizos (FST = 0.0969%; p = 0.02584) justifies the creation of STR databases for HID purposes in this country. In brief, results allow the confident use of the GlobalFiler kit for HID purposes in Mestizo population from the Northwest region Mexico.

Metagenomic study of bacterial microbiota in persistent endodontic infections using Next-generation sequencing.

AIM: To determine the bacterial microbiota in root canals associated with persistent apical periodontitis and their relationship with the clinical characteristics of patients using next-generation sequencing (NGS). METHODOLOGY: Bacterial samples from root canals associated with teeth having persistent apical periodontitis were taken from 24 patients undergoing root canal retreatment. Bacterial DNA was extracted, and V3-V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified. The amplification was deep sequenced by Illumina technology to establish the metagenetic relationships among the bacterial species identified. The composition and diversity of microbial communities in the root canal and their relationships with clinical features were analysed. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to analyse differences between patient characteristics and microbial data. RESULTS: A total of 86 different operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified and Good's nonparametric coverage estimator method indicated that 99.9 ± 0.00001% diversity was recovered per sample. The largest number of bacteria belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria. According to the medical history from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Classification System, ASA II-III had higher richness estimates and distinct phylogenetic relationships compared to ASA I individuals (P < 0.05). Periapical index (PAI) score 5 was associated with increased microbiota diversity in comparison to PAI score 4, and this index was reduced in symptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of this study, it is possible to suggest a close relationship between several clinical features and greater microbiota diversity with persistent endodontic infections. This work provides a better understanding on how microbial communities interact with their host and vice versa.

Diarrea aguda infecciosa: ¿qué debe saber un gastroenterólogo?, ¿cómo mejoramos el diagnóstico etiológico? / Acute infectious diarrhea: what should a gastroenterologist know? how do we improve the etiological diagnosis?

Acute infectious diarrhea is still a major public health problem, both in developing and developed countries, causing morbidity, mortality and high costs. Acute diarrhea particularly affects people in extrema age ranges, travelers and immunosuppressed individuals. Traditional microbiological study, based on cultures, direct microscope analysis, and antigen tests show poor performance, due to low sensitivity and specificity, slowness and the diversity of bacteria, viruses and parasites that complicate getting the results. New molecular techniques based on multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kits allow for the identification, in few hours and simultaneously, of many agents, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, with high sensitivity and specificity; which will probably transform etiological diagnosis of acute diarrhea

La diarrea aguda infecciosa continúa siendo un problema de salud pública tanto en países en vías de desarrollo como en países desarrollados, causando morbi-mortalidad y grandes gastos económicos. Las diarreas agudas son especialmente importantes en personas con edades extremas, viajeros e inmunodeprimidos. El estudio microbiológico tradicional basado en cultivos, análisis microscópico directo y pruebas de antígenos tiene un rendimiento pobre, dado por su baja sensibilidad y especificidad, lentitud y la gran diversidad de bacterias, virus y parásitos que dificultan la obtención de resultados. Las nuevas técnicas de diagnóstico molecular basadas en kits de reacción de polimerasa en cadena (PCR) múltiple permiten identificar en pocas horas y en forma simultánea una gran cantidad de agentes, tanto bacterias, virus, como parásitos, con alta sensibilidad y especificidad, lo que probablemente transformará el diagnóstico etiológico de las diarreas agudas.

Cáncer de mama avanzado receptor de estrógeno positivo: manejo sistémico actual / Systemic therapy for estrogen receptor positive advanced breast cancer

El cáncer de mama es la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres chilenas. Mientras la mayoría de las personas logra curarse de esta enfermedad, un 5% de los casos se presenta inicialmente con enfermedad avanzada y hasta un 20-30% de pacientes con enfermedad localizada pueden sufrir recurrencias sistémicas. La mayoría de las neoplasias mamarias son dependientes del estímulo estrogénico, de allí que la deprivación de estrógenos es la principal estrategia terapéutica. Recientemente, el uso de terapias molecularmente dirigidas en combinación con la terapia endocrina ha logrado mejorar los resultados de sobrevida del cáncer de mama avanzado, con menos efectos colaterales que aquellos producidos por la quimioterapia convencional. El conocimiento de los mecanismos de acción de estas nuevas terapias, sus toxicidades, vías de resistencia y selección de pacientes para lograr los mejores beneficios terapéuticos son aspectos relevantes en el manejo de la enfermedad. Presentamos una revisión del estado actual del manejo del cáncer de mama metastásico hormonodependiente con enfásis en el uso de terapias endocrinas combinadas con terapias moleculares.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Chilean women. While most patientes are cured, five percent of cases present with advanced disease initially and up to 20-30% of patients with localized disease may suffer systemic recurrences. The majority of breast neoplasms are dependent on the estrogenic stimulus, hence the deprivation of estrogen is the main therapeutic strategy. Recently, the use of molecular targeted therapies in combination with endocrine therapy has been successful in improving the survival outcomes of advanced breast cancer, with fewer side effects than those produced by conventional chemotherapy. Knowledge of the mechanisms of action of these new therapies, their toxicities, resistance pathways and patient selection to achieve the best therapeutic benefits are relevant aspects in the management of the disease. We present a review of the current state of management of hormone-dependent metastatic breast cancer with emphasis on the use of endocrine therapies combined with molecular therapies.

Resultados a corto y medio plazo en el tratamiento endovascular de aneurismas aortoiliacos o iliacos mediante el uso del dispositivo de rama iliaca / Short and medium-term outcomes in the endovascular treatment of aorto-iliac or iliac aneurysms with the use of an iliac branch device

Objetivo: El uso del dispositivo de rama iliaca (DRI) es una técnica para evitar complicaciones derivadas de la oclusión de las arterias hipogástricas (AH). Nuestro objetivo es analizar los resultados del uso del DRI a corto y medio plazo en nuestro centro. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, 28 AH, 14 pacientes con aneurismas aortoiliacos tratados con DRI entre 2011 y 2015. Catorce (100%) aneurismas iliacos bilaterales, 11 (78,6%) aneurismas aórticos asociados y 4 (14,3%) con aneurisma hipogástrico. De 28 AH, 19 (67,8%) se trataron con DRI (5 bilaterales), 4 (14,3%) fueron cubiertas con endoprótesis, 2 (7,1%) embolizadas, 2 intactas y una con stent cubierto para tratar un aneurisma. En todos los casos quedó al menos una AH permeable. Analizamos mortalidad, permeabilidad del DRI, endofugas, claudicación glútea, disfunción eréctil e isquemia pélvica. Para realizar el seguimiento se utilizaron angio-TAC y ecodoppler. Resultados: El 100% eran varones, con una edad de 74,6 ± 13,6 años, permeabilidad al mes 94,7%, al año 80%, a los 2 años 77,8%, 0% de mortalidad, de endofugas, de claudicación glútea en el lado permeabilizado, de disfunción eréctil de nueva aparición y de isquemia pélvica. Hubo dos casos de claudicación glútea contralateral, un caso de trombosis arterial iliaca contralateral, resuelta mediante bypass femorofemoral, una trombosis del DRI intraoperatoria e isquemia aguda de la extremidad, resuelta mediante trombolisis y embolectomía, e imposibilidad para colocar el DRI por dificultad técnica en un caso. El seguimiento medio fue de 23,3 meses (rango 1-67), y hubo 2 pérdidas en el seguimiento. Conclusión: En nuestra experiencia, el DRI es una técnica eficaz y segura con pocas complicaciones y buena permeabilidad; no obstante, son necesarios estudios a largo plazo (AU)

Objective: An iliac branch device (IBD) is used as a technique to avoid or minimise the complications associated with the occlusion of the hypogastric artery (HA). The purpose of this paper is to analyse the short and medium-term outcomes with the use of an IBD in our centre. Material and methods: A descriptive study that included 28 HA of 14 patients with an aorto-iliac aneurysm treated with an IBD between 2011 and 2015. There were 14 (100%) bilateral iliac artery aneurysms, 11 (78.6%) associated with an aortic aneurysm, and 4 (14.3%) with HA aneurysm. Of the 28 HA, 19 (67.8%) where treated with an IBD (5 bilateral), 4 (14.3%) were covered with the endoprosthesis, 2 (7.1%) were embolised, 2 were not treated, and one was treated with a covered stent graft in order to treat the hypogastric aneurysm. In all of the cases one HA was patent. An analysis is presented of the mortality, patency, endoleaks, buttock claudication, erectile dysfunction, and pelvic ischaemia. CT angiogram and doppler ultrasound were used in the follow-up. Results: All (100%) the patients were male, with a mean age of 74.6 ± 13.6 years. Patency at one month was 94.7%, 80% at one year, and 77.7% at 2 years. There was 0% mortality, endoleaks, buttock claudication of the side treated, erectile dysfunction, and pelvic ischaemia. There were 2 cases of contralateral buttock claudication, one of contralateral iliac artery thrombosis, resolved through a femoro-femoral bypass, and one case of intra-operative IBD thrombosis that was treated favourably with thrombolysis. Mean follow-up was 23.3 months (range 1-67) with 2 losses in the study. Conclusion: In our experience, IBD is a safe and efficient technique, with few complications and good patency. Longer follow-up studies should be performed (AU)

Reestenosis asintomáticas de stents de arteria femoral superficial: ¿tratamiento endovascular o manejo conservador? / Asymptomatic restenosis of superficial femoral artery stents: Endovascular treatment or conservative management

Objetivo: Comparar la evolución clínica de las reestenosis > 70% asintomáticas de los stents de arteria femoral superficial (AFS) con tratamiento endovascular vs. tratamiento conservador. Pacientes: Estudio descriptivo de cohortes históricas de pacientes con stent femoral con reestenosis del 70-99% asintomática, desde enero del 2010 a diciembre del 2015. Se formaron 2 grupos de pacientes: manejo conservador vs. tratamiento endovascular. Material y métodos: Comparamos: curvas de superviencia libre de amputación mayor (SLA) y supervivencia libre de isquemia crítica o claudicación limitante (< 250m) (SLIC) desde la colocación del primer stent hasta la aparición de isquemia crítica o realización de amputación mayor (log-rank, Kapplan-Meier). Analizamos la permeabilidad primaria y la permeabilidad primaria asistida. Resultados y conclusiones: Se diagnosticaron un total de 23 reestenosis >70% en 20 pacientes de 78 años de edad media (DE 9,6). Seguimiento medio: 30,1 meses. En 12 pacientes (52,2%) se realizó tratamiento médico (AAS y estatinas) + endovascular, y en 11 (47,8%) únicamente tratamiento médico. No hubo diferencias en la SLA (p = 0,967). Observamos que la SLIC fue mayor en el grupo de manejo conservador que en el de tratamiento endovascular (p = 0,031). La permeabilidad primaria fue de 14,2 meses (IC 8,2-20,2), y la permeabilidad primaria asistida de 65,5 meses (IC 57,4-77,5). En nuestra experiencia tratar las lesiones graves asintomáticas de los stents de AFS no disminuye el riesgo de amputación, isquemia crítica o claudicación limitante respecto a la evolución natural de las mismas. En pacientes asintomáticos la conducta expectante puede ser una buena opción, sin que ello suponga un aumento del riesgo de amputación o isquemia crítica a medio plazo (AU)

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes of asymptomatic >70% in-stent restenosis in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) treated using an endovascular procedure or conservative treatment. Patients: A historical cohort study was performed on patients with femoral artery stent with an asymptomatic in-stent restenosis of 70-99% from January 2010 to December 2015. The patients were divided into two groups: conservative management vs. endovascular treatment. Material and methods: The variables compared were, limb salvage and critical ischaemia or limiting claudication free survival rates (<250m) from initial stent treatment until the appearance of critical ischaemia or major amputation (log-rank, Kaplan Meier). Primary patency and assisted primary patency were analysed. Results and conclusions: A total of 23 >70% in-stent restenosis were diagnosed in 20 patients who had a mean age of 78 years old (SD 9.6). The mean follow-up was 30.1 months. Medical (aspirin and statins) and endovascular treatment was received by 12 patients (52.2%), and 11 patients (47.8%) received medical treatment only. No differences were seen in limb salvage. Critical ischaemia or limited claudication free survival rates were higher in the conservative treatment group than in the endovascular group (P = .031). Primary patency was 14.2 months (95% CI: 8.2-20.2), and assisted primary patency was 65.5 months (95% CI: 57.4-77.5). In our experience, treatment of severe asymptomatic lesions of in-stent stenosis in the SFA does not reduce the risk of amputation, critical ischaemia or limiting claudication. Conservative treatment could be a good option in asymptomatic patients, without increasing the risk in amputation and critical ischaemia (AU)

Tratamiento híbrido de aneurisma de arco aórtico y aorta descendente en paciente con arco aórtico a la derecha y arteria subclavia izquierda aberrante / Hybrid treatment of aortic arch and descending aorta aneurysm in a patient with right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery

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A Molecular Reporter for Monitoring Autophagic Flux in Nervous System In Vivo.

The relevance of autophagy in neuronal health has been extensively reported in a plethora of conditions affecting the nervous system, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes, and tissue injury, where altered autophagic activity may contribute to the pathological process. Autophagy is a dynamic pathway involving the formation of a membrane surrounding and enclosing cargoes that are delivered to lysosomal compartments for degradation. Cargoes can include large protein aggregates, organelles, or even pathogens. Traditionally, autophagy assessment relies on the measurement of LC3-II protein levels or the visualization of LC3-positive puncta. However, these approaches represent a static measurement of autophagy markers, making difficult the dissection of the actual changes in the autophagy process (activation, inhibition, or no effects), due to the dynamic regulation of LC3 viral levels. To circumvent this limitation, we previously developed an adeno-associated vector (AAV) to deliver a molecular autophagy sensor to the neuronal compartment in vivo. Here, we describe the detailed design and methods to use an engineered AAV harboring the monomeric tandem mCherry-GFP-LC3 to determine autophagic fluxes in the nervous system. Key methodological details to succeed in the use of this reporter are provided.

Actualización en el uso de antioxidantes naturales derivados de frutas y verduras para prolongar la vida útil de la carne y productos cárneos / Natural antioxidants obtained from fruits and vegetables and their effect over the shelf life of meat and meat products: an update

En la actualidad existe gran preocupación por parte de la población por consumir alimentos que además de su función de nutrir aporten otras características a la salud, como los alimentos funcionales. También los consumidores están cada día más exigentes requiriendo alimentos inocuos y naturales; lo que ha determinado que la industria haya ido reemplazando los antioxidantes artificiales por naturales; lo que también ha generado una tendencia en la industria de la carne. Los antioxidantes tienen por función prevenir el deterioro oxidativo que presentan en forma fundamental los lípidos y proteínas que constituyen los componentes musculares de la carne. Entre los antioxidantes naturales empleados por esta industria se encuentran los derivados de frutas, hierbas y vegetales, que han sido caracterizados, sin embargo su aplicación en carnes y productos cárnicos, y la evaluación de su efectividad es limitada a nivel industrial, y aumentan el último tiempo la investigación en esta área. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue realizar una actualización del uso y aplicación de antioxidantes de origen natural en carnes y derivados cárnicos.

Currently, there is great concern from thepopulation to consume foods that not only have a nutritional function, but also they bring other healthy characteristics, such as functional foods. Also, everyday consumers are demanding safer and more natural foods. This, for example, has determined that the industry replaced artificial antioxidants for natural ones; which have also generated an important trend in the meatproducing industry. The function of antioxidants is to prevent oxidative degeneration that lipids and proteins, constituting the muscle component of the meat, fundamentally present. Among the natural antioxidants employed by this industry are those derived from fruits, herbs and vegetables, characterized, however their application in meat and meat products, and the assessment of their effectivity is limited in an industrial level. Nevertheless, research in this area has grown in the last few years. Therefore, the objective of this review was to update the use and application of natural antioxidants in meat and meat products.

Standardization of a method for the detection of helminth eggs and larvae in lettuce.

Despite reports that food-borne parasitic infections have been increasing worldwide, the methodologies employed to detect food contamination by helminths are still largely based on methodologies used to detect these pathogens in feces and water. This study sought to improve the diagnosis of parasitic contaminants in lettuce by standardizing a method for detecting helminth eggs and larvae and estimating their percentage of recovery. Sanitized lettuces were artificially contaminated with different amounts of Ascaris suum and hookworm eggs and larvae. To standardize the method, we tested liquid extractors, vegetable washing steps, and spontaneous sedimentation times. Higher percentages of egg and larvae recovery were obtained using 1 M glycine as the liquid extractor, manual shaking for 3 min and 2 h of sedimentation. Five different levels of artificial contamination (ten replicates each; n = 50) were tested using these standardized conditions, yielding an average recovery of 62.6 % (±20.2), 51.9 % (±20.0), and 50.0 % (±27.3) for A. suum eggs, hookworm eggs, and larvae, respectively. Tests were performed with a different matrix to evaluate the performance of the method. Furthermore, collaborative analytical studies performed by different laboratories produced satisfactory results. The method for the identification of helminth eggs and larvae proposed in this study proved to be simpler and more efficient than previously published procedures, thereby demonstrating its potential contribution to health surveillance and epidemiological studies.

Tumor fibroso solitario del lóbulo caudado del hígado / Solitary fibrous tumor of the liver caudate lobe

Introduction: Solitary fibrous tumor of the liver (SFTL) constitutes such a rare finding that it has been published only as case reports and to the present date there are only 45 cases published in English medical literature. This article describes the case of a patient treated at our institution with SFTL. Case report: A male 59-years-old patient was diagnosed with a SFTL incidentally found in a computed abdominal tomography taken by another causes, tumor was originating from the caudate lobe. The patient was asymptomatic. At surgery, the tumor was observed originating directly from the caudate lobe through a pedicle measuring approximately 3 cm. The tumor was resected sectioning its implantation pedicle and ligating all arterial, venous and biliary vessels. The SFTL was well encapsulated, measured 15 x 9 x 6 cm and weighted 794 g. The histological diagnosis was a SFTL and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies that reacted positively to CD34 and vimentin and negatively to CD117, S100, smooth-muscle α-actin and desmin. Conclusions: SFTL is an uncommon tumor. The present case is the first reported in Chilean medical literature and presented all the habitually described radiologic, surgical and pathological characteristics.

Introducción: El tumor fibroso solitario del hígado (TFSH) constituye un hallazgo tan raro que se ha publicado únicamente como reportes de caso y hasta el presente se encontraron sólo 45 casos publicados en la literatura inglesa. El presente artículo describe el caso de un paciente que fue tratado en nuestra institución por un TFSH. Reporte de caso: Paciente masculino de 59 años de edad al que, en una tomografía abdominal computarizada que se tomó por otras causas, se encontró en forma incidental un gran tumor hepático localizado en el lóbulo caudado del hígado. El paciente no refería síntomas relacionados con el tumor. En la cirugía se observó que el tumor se originaba directamente del lóbulo caudado al cual lo unía un pedículo de aproximadamente 3 cm de diámetro transverso. Se seccionó el tumor desde su base de implantación en el hígado ligándose los vasos arteriales y venosos así como los conductos biliares que se encontraron. Este medía 15 x 9 x 6 cm y pesaba 794 g, se encontraba bien encapsulado. El diagnóstico histológico fue el de un TFSH, el cual se confirmó mediante inmunohistoquímica con anticuerpos monoclonales que resultaron positivos para CD34 y vimentina en las células tumorales y negativos para CD117, S100, α-actina de músculo liso y desmina. Conclusiones: El TFSH es un tumor raro. El presente caso de un TFSH es el primero reportado en la literatura médica chilena y presentó las características radiológicas, quirúrgicas y patológicas habitualmente descritas en estos casos.

El cerdo como modelo experimental para la nutrición de hierro / The pig as an experimental model for iron nutrition

Disorders due to iron (Fe) deficiency are quite common in the world population, especially in developing countries. This has generated a considerable increase of research related to the Fe homeostasis on rats and mice animal models in the last years. For several decades the pig model has been used for Fe nutritional studies due to its physiological similarities with the human gastrointestinal tract, and several types of Fe supplementation have been tested on them. However, differences on the effects of some dietary compounds, which could enhance or inhibit the non-heme Fe absorption have been reported between pigs and humans. The newborn pig usually develops Fe deficiency anemia in the perinatal period, being an ideal model for Fe nutrition studies. Therefore, the aim of this review was to update concepts about the absorption of heme and non-heme Fe, its homeostasis in pigs, and to establish similarities and differences with Fe human metabolism. Recent investigations that use the pig as a model for studies in Fe nutrition are also reviewed.

Los trastornos por deficiencia de hierro (Fe) son bastantes comunes en la población mundial sobre todo en países en vías de desarrollo, lo que ha generado un aumento considerable de la investigación relacionada con la homeostasis de este metal, realizada en modelos animales como ratas y ratones. Desde hace varias décadas se ha utilizado ampliamente al cerdo como modelo en los estudios de nutrición de Fe debido a sus similitudes fisiológicas de su tracto gastrointestinal al humano, en los cuales se han probado varios tipos de intervenciones de suplementación con Fe. Sin embargo, se han identificado algunas diferencias en relación al efecto de ciertos compuestos dietarios que pueden aumentar o inhibir la absorción de Fe del tipo no-hemínico (Fe no-hemo) en el cerdo respecto al humano. El cerdo neonato presenta de manera habitual anemia por deficiencia de Fe en el período perinatal, convirtiéndose en el modelo ideal para estudios de nutrición de Fe. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión fue actualizar conceptos sobre absorción de Fe no-hemo y Fe hemínico (Fe-hemo), y su homeostasis en el cerdo, y establecer sus similitudes y diferencias con el humano. También se revisan algunas de las investigaciones recientes que han utilizado al cerdo como modelo de estudio de la nutrición de Fe.