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3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 117(2): 365-375, ago. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339149

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento Pacientes com HIV têm maior probabilidade de apresentar doenças cardiovasculares quando comparados à população em geral. Objetivo Este foi um estudo de caso-controle que teve como objetivo avaliar quais fatores estavam associados a uma redução na espessura médio-intimal da carótida (IMT) da carótida e ao aumento na dilatação mediada por fluxo (DMF) da artéria braquial em pacientes com HIV que receberam atorvastatina + aspirina por um período de 6 meses. Métodos Foi realizada uma análise secundária de um ensaio clínico, que incluiu pessoas vivendo com HIV e baixo risco cardiovascular. Um total de 38 pacientes alocados para o braço de intervenção e tratados por 6 meses com uma combinação de atorvastatina + aspirina foram incluídos. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a ultrassonografia da carótida e da artéria braquial, tanto no início quanto no final do estudo. Os casos que responderam com aumento >10% da dilatação braquial (DMF) e redução da espessura médio-intimal da carótida (IMT) foram considerados casos, e aqueles que não responderam foram considerados controles. Avaliamos os fatores associados às respostas positivas obtidas através da IMT e DMF. Resultados A redução do IMT não se associou significativamente a nenhum dos fatores de risco avaliados: idade (p = 0,211), sexo (p = 0,260), tabagismo (p = 0,131) ou tempo de diagnóstico do HIV (p = 0,836). Um aumento na DMF foi significativamente associado com a idade entre aqueles na faixa etária de 40-59 anos, p = 0,015 (OR = 4,37; IC 95%: 1,07-17,79). Conclusões Os indivíduos mais velhos foram mais propensos a apresentar um aumento na DMF após 6 meses de tratamento com atorvastatina + aspirina.


Abstract Background Patients with HIV are more likely to present with cardiovascular disease when compared to the general population. Objective This was a case-control study that aimed to assess which factors were associated with a reduction in the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and an increase in the brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in HIV patients who received atorvastatin + aspirin during a period of 6 months. Methods A secondary analysis of a clinical trial was conducted, which included people living with HIV infection and low cardiovascular risk. A total of 38 patients allocated to the intervention arm and treated for 6 months with a combination of atorvastatin + aspirin were included. All participants underwent a carotid and brachial artery ultrasound, both at the beginning and the end of the study. Cases that responded with an increase of >10% of the brachial dilatation (FMD) and reduction of the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were considered cases, and those who did not respond were considered controls. We assessed the factors associated with the positive responses obtained through IMT and FMD. Results A reduction in the IMT was not significantly associated with any of the evaluated risk factors: age (p=0.211), gender (p=0.260), smoking (p=0.131) or time since HIV diagnosis (p=0.836). An increase in the FMD was significantly associated with age amongst those in the 40-59 age group, p = 0.015 (OR = 4.37; 95% CI: 1.07-17.79). Conclusions Older individuals were more likely to present with an increased FMD after 6 months of treatment with atorvastatin + aspirin.


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Vasodilation , Brachial Artery/diagnostic imaging , Endothelium, Vascular/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Case-Control Studies , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Atorvastatin/therapeutic use
4.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 117(2): 365-375, 2021 08.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34231792

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Patients with HIV are more likely to present with cardiovascular disease when compared to the general population. OBJECTIVE: This was a case-control study that aimed to assess which factors were associated with a reduction in the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and an increase in the brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in HIV patients who received atorvastatin + aspirin during a period of 6 months. METHODS: A secondary analysis of a clinical trial was conducted, which included people living with HIV infection and low cardiovascular risk. A total of 38 patients allocated to the intervention arm and treated for 6 months with a combination of atorvastatin + aspirin were included. All participants underwent a carotid and brachial artery ultrasound, both at the beginning and the end of the study. Cases that responded with an increase of >10% of the brachial dilatation (FMD) and reduction of the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were considered cases, and those who did not respond were considered controls. We assessed the factors associated with the positive responses obtained through IMT and FMD. RESULTS: A reduction in the IMT was not significantly associated with any of the evaluated risk factors: age (p=0.211), gender (p=0.260), smoking (p=0.131) or time since HIV diagnosis (p=0.836). An increase in the FMD was significantly associated with age amongst those in the 40-59 age group, p = 0.015 (OR = 4.37; 95% CI: 1.07-17.79). CONCLUSIONS: Older individuals were more likely to present with an increased FMD after 6 months of treatment with atorvastatin + aspirin.


FUNDAMENTO: Pacientes com HIV têm maior probabilidade de apresentar doenças cardiovasculares quando comparados à população em geral. OBJETIVO: Este foi um estudo de caso-controle que teve como objetivo avaliar quais fatores estavam associados a uma redução na espessura médio-intimal da carótida (IMT) da carótida e ao aumento na dilatação mediada por fluxo (DMF) da artéria braquial em pacientes com HIV que receberam atorvastatina + aspirina por um período de 6 meses. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma análise secundária de um ensaio clínico, que incluiu pessoas vivendo com HIV e baixo risco cardiovascular. Um total de 38 pacientes alocados para o braço de intervenção e tratados por 6 meses com uma combinação de atorvastatina + aspirina foram incluídos. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a ultrassonografia da carótida e da artéria braquial, tanto no início quanto no final do estudo. Os casos que responderam com aumento >10% da dilatação braquial (DMF) e redução da espessura médio-intimal da carótida (IMT) foram considerados casos, e aqueles que não responderam foram considerados controles. Avaliamos os fatores associados às respostas positivas obtidas através da IMT e DMF. RESULTADOS: A redução do IMT não se associou significativamente a nenhum dos fatores de risco avaliados: idade (p = 0,211), sexo (p = 0,260), tabagismo (p = 0,131) ou tempo de diagnóstico do HIV (p = 0,836). Um aumento na DMF foi significativamente associado com a idade entre aqueles na faixa etária de 40-59 anos, p = 0,015 (OR = 4,37; IC 95%: 1,07-17,79). CONCLUSÕES: Os indivíduos mais velhos foram mais propensos a apresentar um aumento na DMF após 6 meses de tratamento com atorvastatina + aspirina.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Atorvastatin/therapeutic use , Brachial Artery/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Case-Control Studies , Endothelium, Vascular/diagnostic imaging , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography , Vasodilation
5.
Vascular ; 29(6): 817-821, 2021 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32370623

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The bell-bottom technique is a widely used technique to treat aortoiliac aneurysms with preservation of the hypogastric arteries. The published data are scarce with conflicting results regarding the evolution. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients submitted to endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with standard technique (S-EVAR) versus bell-bottom technique. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study compared the outcomes of standard endovascular aneurysm repair (<16 mm iliac limbs) and bell-bottom technique (≥16 mm iliac limbs) in a tertiary vascular center between 2010 and 2015. The end points of this study were type IB endoleak, reintervention and 30-day mortality. The follow-up protocol included CT scans within 30 days of implantation and 12 months. Duplex ultrasound was performed yearly thereafter. RESULTS: Two hundred and three patients were treated with bell-bottom technique (n = 84, mean age 72.2 ± 8.9) and S-EVAR (n = 119, mean age 72.7 ± 8.4). The overall 30-day mortality was 1.9%, with no significant difference between groups. There was higher prevalence of coronary heart disease in the bell-bottom technique group compared to the S-EVAR group (41.6% vs. 18.4%, p < 0.01). One patient in the S-EVAR group (0.85%) and four patients in the bell-bottom technique (4.6%) developed type IB endoleak. The mean follow-up period was 35.2 ± 30.4 months. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, freedom from type IB endoleak in 80 months was 85.2% in the bell-bottom technique group and 98.7% in the S-EVAR group (p = 0.05). The freedom from reintervention in 80 months was 74.0% in the bell-bottom technique group and 94.1% in the S-EVAR group (p = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows lower freedom from type IB endoleak in the bell-bottom group compared to the standard repair group. There is no significant difference in reoperation rate and 30-day mortality.


Subject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation , Endovascular Procedures , Iliac Aneurysm/surgery , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/mortality , Blood Vessel Prosthesis , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/instrumentation , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/mortality , Endoleak/etiology , Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects , Endovascular Procedures/instrumentation , Endovascular Procedures/mortality , Female , Humans , Iliac Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Iliac Aneurysm/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Stents , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
7.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 114(1): 90-97, Jan. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055103

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: People living with HIV are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and carotid thickness, due to the inflammation caused by the virus, the antiretroviral therapy, and other risk factors. However, few studies have observed the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and carotid thickness in HIV-positive population at low cardiovascular risk and with undetectable viral load. Objectives: To evaluate the association between levels of inflammatory markers and carotid thickness in people living with HIV, under antiretroviral therapy and at low cardiovascular risk. Methods: To determine low cardiovascular risk in both groups (HIV infected and non-infected individuals), the Framingham Risk Score was used. Inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, sVCAM-1, and sICAM-1) were assessed using flow cytometry. Carotid thickness (mm) was measured using Doppler ultrasound. Level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: In People living with HIV, age and smoking status were associated with carotid thickness alterations. In the non-HIV group, age, higher total cholesterol, and LDL levels were associated with increased carotid thickness. Using the multivariate analysis, a significant association between TNF-α and IL- 1( levels, and a higher chance of atherosclerosis development in HIV group were observed. Conclusions: Both groups have a similar risk for developing cardiovascular disease, therefore our study demonstrates that HIV-positive individuals with undetectable viral load in antiretroviral therapy without protease inhibitors and with low cardiovascular risk do not present differences in carotid thickness in relation to uninfected individuals.


Resumo Fundamento: As pessoas que vivem com HIV têm um risco aumentado de doença cardiovascular e espessamento da carótida, devido à inflamação causada pelo vírus, à terapia antirretroviral e a outros fatores de risco. No entanto, poucos estudos observaram a ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares e espessamento carotídeo na população soropositiva com baixo risco cardiovascular e carga viral indetectável. Objetivos: Avaliar a associação entre níveis de marcadores inflamatórios e espessura da carótida em pessoas vivendo com HIV, sob terapia antirretroviral e com baixo risco cardiovascular. Métodos: Para determinar o baixo risco cardiovascular em ambos os grupos (indivíduos infectados e não-infectados pelo HIV), foi utilizado o Escore de Risco de Framingham. Os marcadores inflamatórios (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, sVCAM-1 e sICAM-1) foram avaliados por citometria de fluxo. A espessura da carótida (mm) foi mensurada por meio de ultrassom com Doppler. O nível de significância foi de p < 0,05. Resultados: Em pessoas vivendo com HIV, a idade e o tabagismo foram associados a alterações da espessura da carótida. No grupo não-HIV, idade e níveis mais altos de colesterol total e LDL foram associados ao aumento da espessura da carótida. Utilizando a análise multivariada, observou-se associação significativa entre os níveis de TNF-α e IL-1β e maior chance de desenvolvimento de aterosclerose no grupo com HIV. Conclusão: Ambos os grupos têm risco semelhante de desenvolver doença cardiovascular, portanto, nosso estudo demonstra que indivíduos HIV-positivos com carga viral indetectável em terapia antirretroviral sem inibidores de protease e com baixo risco cardiovascular não apresentam diferenças na espessura da carótida em relação aos indivíduos não-infectados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Biomarkers/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , HIV Infections/blood , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Inflammation/blood , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Viral Load , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage
8.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 114(1): 90-97, 2020 01.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31664319

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: People living with HIV are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and carotid thickness, due to the inflammation caused by the virus, the antiretroviral therapy, and other risk factors. However, few studies have observed the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and carotid thickness in HIV-positive population at low cardiovascular risk and with undetectable viral load. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between levels of inflammatory markers and carotid thickness in people living with HIV, under antiretroviral therapy and at low cardiovascular risk. METHODS: To determine low cardiovascular risk in both groups (HIV infected and non-infected individuals), the Framingham Risk Score was used. Inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, sVCAM-1, and sICAM-1) were assessed using flow cytometry. Carotid thickness (mm) was measured using Doppler ultrasound. Level of significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS: In People living with HIV, age and smoking status were associated with carotid thickness alterations. In the non-HIV group, age, higher total cholesterol, and LDL levels were associated with increased carotid thickness. Using the multivariate analysis, a significant association between TNF-α and IL- 1( levels, and a higher chance of atherosclerosis development in HIV group were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Both groups have a similar risk for developing cardiovascular disease, therefore our study demonstrates that HIV-positive individuals with undetectable viral load in antiretroviral therapy without protease inhibitors and with low cardiovascular risk do not present differences in carotid thickness in relation to uninfected individuals.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , HIV Infections/blood , Inflammation/blood , Adult , Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Viral Load
9.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 97(22): e10511, 2018 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29851773

ABSTRACT

RATIONALE: Total absence of superior vena cava (ASVC) is a very rare anomaly, and the patient usually suffers from superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) or conduction disturbances. PATIENT CONCERNS: We report a 36-year-old white male, born and living in Brazil, without comorbidities presented to hematologist thrombotic episodes even under anticoagulant therapy. On his first hematologic appointment, he had no active complaints except by the fullness after meals, and his physical examination presented remarkable collateral circulation in the chest. DIAGNOSES: Congenital ASVC associated with factor V Leiden mutation. OUTCOMES: In his magnetic resonance angiography of the thorax, a great amount of collateral circulation and communication of the azygos and hemiazygos veins with inferior vena cava were evident, as well as the absence of the upper cava vein. Furthermore, heterozygous genetic mutation was found for Leiden factor V. LESSONS: This case gives us the lesson that we need to include ASVC in the differential diagnosis of SVCS. The importance of the V-Leiden factor as a joint risk with this congenital defect for venous thromboembolism episodes was also highlighted.


Subject(s)
Factor V/genetics , Mutation , Vascular Malformations/pathology , Vena Cava, Superior/abnormalities , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis , Adult , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Azygos Vein/abnormalities , Azygos Vein/diagnostic imaging , Brazil , Collateral Circulation , Diagnosis, Differential , Fatal Outcome , Heterozygote , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods , Male , Superior Vena Cava Syndrome/diagnosis , Superior Vena Cava Syndrome/etiology , Thorax/blood supply , Thorax/diagnostic imaging , Thorax/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Vascular Malformations/complications , Vascular Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Vena Cava, Superior/pathology , Venous Thrombosis/etiology
10.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 108(1): 3-11, 2017 Jan.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28146208

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of atherosclerosis is higher in HIV-positive people, who also experience it earlier than the general population. OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare the prevalence of atherosclerosis evaluated by the intima-media thickness of carotid and femoral arteries, and by the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) in HIV patients treated or not treated with protease inhibitors (PIs) and controls. METHODS: Eighty HIV+ subjects (40 using PIs and 40 not using PIs) and 65 controls were included in the study. Atherosclerosis was diagnosed by (carotid and femoral) ITM measurement and ABPI. Classical risk factors for atherosclerosis and HIV were compared between the groups by statistical tests. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: An IMT > P75 or the presence of plaque was higher in the HIV+ than in the control group (37.5% vs 19%, p = 0.04). Comparative analysis showed a significant difference (p=0.014) in carotid IMT between HIV+ with PIs (0.71 ± 0.28 mm), without PIs 0.63 ± 0.11 mm and, and controls (0.59 ± 0.11 mm). There was no significant difference in femoral IMT between the groups or in ABPI between HIV+ subjects and controls. However, a significant difference (p=0.015) was found between HIV+ patients not treated with PIs (1.17 [1.08 - 1.23]), and controls 1.08 [1.07 - 1.17]). CONCLUSION: In HIV patients, atherosclerosis is more prevalent and seems to occur earlier with particular characteristics compared with HIV-negative subjects.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Arteriosclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Arteriosclerosis/epidemiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Artery Diseases/epidemiology , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Femoral Artery/diagnostic imaging , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Adult , Ankle Brachial Index , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Arteriosclerosis/etiology , Brazil/epidemiology , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Statistics, Nonparametric
11.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 108(1): 3-11, Jan. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838673

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The prevalence of atherosclerosis is higher in HIV-positive people, who also experience it earlier than the general population. Objectives: To assess and compare the prevalence of atherosclerosis evaluated by the intima-media thickness of carotid and femoral arteries, and by the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) in HIV patients treated or not treated with protease inhibitors (PIs) and controls. Methods: Eighty HIV+ subjects (40 using PIs and 40 not using PIs) and 65 controls were included in the study. Atherosclerosis was diagnosed by (carotid and femoral) ITM measurement and ABPI. Classical risk factors for atherosclerosis and HIV were compared between the groups by statistical tests. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: An IMT > P75 or the presence of plaque was higher in the HIV+ than in the control group (37.5% vs 19%, p = 0.04). Comparative analysis showed a significant difference (p=0.014) in carotid IMT between HIV+ with PIs (0.71 ± 0.28 mm), without PIs 0.63 ± 0.11 mm and, and controls (0.59 ± 0.11 mm). There was no significant difference in femoral IMT between the groups or in ABPI between HIV+ subjects and controls. However, a significant difference (p=0.015) was found between HIV+ patients not treated with PIs (1.17 [1.08 - 1.23]), and controls 1.08 [1.07 - 1.17]). Conclusion: In HIV patients, atherosclerosis is more prevalent and seems to occur earlier with particular characteristics compared with HIV-negative subjects.


Resumo Fundamento: Pessoas que vivem com o HIV (HIV +) têm maior prevalência de aterosclerose e a desenvolvem mais precocemente do que a população geral. Objetivos: Foi avaliar e comparar as prevalências de aterosclerose avaliada pela medida da espessura mediointimal (EMI) das carótidas comuns e femorais, e do índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) nos grupos controle e HIV com e sem inibidores de protease (IPs). Métodos: Foram incluídas 80 pessoas com HIV + [40 usavam IPs e 40 não] e 65 controles. O diagnóstico de aterosclerose foi determinado pela medição da EMI (carótidas e femorais) e do ITB. Fatores de risco clássicos para aterosclerose e específicos para o HIV foram comparados entre os grupos, usando testes estatístcos. O valor de p ≤ 0,05 foi cosiderado significativo. Resultados: A EMI > P75 ou presença de placa foi mais elevada no grupo de HIV sem IP que no controle (37,5% vs 19%, p = 0,04). A análise comparativa mostrou diferença significativa (p=0,014) na EMI nas artérias carótidas entre HIV + com IPs (0,71 ± 0,28 mm), sem IPs (0,63 ± 0,11 mm) e controles (0,59 ± 0,11 mm), A EMI na femoral não teve diferença significante entre os grupos. Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos controle e de HIV + quanto ao ITB. No entanto, observou-se uma diferença significativa (p=0,015) no ITB entre os grupos HIV + sem IPs (1,17 [1,08 - 1,23]), e controles [1,08 (1,07 - 1,17)]. Conclusão: Em pacientes com HIV, a aterosclerose é mais prevalente e parece ocorrer mais precocemente, com características distintas, em comparação a indivíduos HIV-negativos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Arteriosclerosis/epidemiology , Arteriosclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Artery Diseases/epidemiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Arteriosclerosis/etiology , Reference Values , Brazil/epidemiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Statistics, Nonparametric , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Ankle Brachial Index , Femoral Artery/diagnostic imaging
12.
Rev. SOBECC ; 19(1): 34-43, jan.-mar. 2014. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-745390

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: descrever a construção e a validação de protocolo de Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem Perioperatória (SAEP), aplicado à cirurgia oral menor no Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas, vinculado à uma instituição de ensino superior em Pernambuco. Método: relato de experiências no qual foram utilizados os Padrões Funcionais de Saúde de Gordon para coleta de dados, identificação dos Diagnósticos de Enfermagem segundo a Taxonomia NANDA - I e posterior validação com pacientes atendidos entre 2008 e 2009. Conclusão: O protocolo de SAEP proposto permitiu que o processo de Enfermagem na formação em nível de graduação não fosse apenas abordado sob o ponto de vista teórico. O relato dos estudantes extensionistas evidenciou a viabilidade e a eficácia da SAEP, além de suas vantagens sobre a qualidade da assistência e do processo de trabalho da Enfermagem...


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Assistants , Mouth , Nursing Care , Perioperative Nursing
13.
Online braz. j. nurs. (Online) ; 12(4)dez 21,2013. ilus, ilus
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-702957

ABSTRACT

Aim: To identify the nursing interventions that promote self-care in the neurogenic intestine in subjects with spinal cord injury, related to the nursing diagnoses listed as Risk of Constipation, Constipation and Intestinal Incontinence. Method: This study used the integrative review of electronic databases using descriptors. In the analysis of data, we used the Theory of Self-Care Deficit. Results: The most mentioned interventions of self-care were; nutritional orientation, consumption of liquids, going to the toilet at the same time every day, abdominal massage, decubitus change and Valsalva maneuver. Discussion: The gastrointestinal dysfunction can cause constraints and it can also harm interpersonal relationships. The nurse must evaluate the eliminatory standard of this clientele, prioritizing non-pharmacological and less invasive actions, considering dietary preferences, cultural habits and the economic resources of the subjects available to invest in a certain diet. Conclusion: Nurses can contribute to the promotion of self-care for patients with neurogenic intestine, and the Theory of Self-Care Deficit can be used as an important tool in this process.


Objetivo: Identificar las intervenciones de enfermería en la promoción del autocuidado para intestino neurogénico en los sujetos con lesión de la médula espinal, relacionadas a los diagnósticos de enfermería en Riesgo de constipación, constipación e incontinencia intestinal. Método: Revisión integrativa en las bases electrónicas utilizándose descriptores. En el análisis se utilizó la Teoría del Déficit de Autocuidado. Resultados: Intervenciones más citadas para el autocuidado: Orientación nutricional, consumo de líquidos, indicar ida al baño en el mismo horario, masaje abdominal, cambio de decúbito y maniobra de Valsalva. Discusión: La disfunción gastrointestinal puede causar restricciones y perjudicar las relaciones personales. El enfermero debe evaluar el patrón eliminatorio de este paciente, priorizar acciones no farmacológicas y poco invasivas, considerar las preferencias alimenticias, los hábitos culturales y los recursos económicos de los sujetos para invertir en la dieta. Conclusión: Los enfermeros pueden contribuir con la promoción del autocuidado para el intestino neurogénico y la Teoría del Déficit de Autocuidado puede ser utilizada como una importante herramienta en ese proceso.


Objetivo: Identificar as intervenções de enfermagem na promoção do autocuidado para intestino neurogênico nos sujeitos com lesão raquimedular, relacionadas aos diagnósticos risco de constipação, constipação e incontinência intestinal. Método: Revisão integrativa nas bases eletrônicas utilizando-se descritores. Na análise utilizou-se a Teoria do Déficit de Autocuidado. Resultados: intervenções mais citadas para o autocuidado: orientação nutricional, consumo de líquidos, indicar ida ao banheiro no mesmo horário, massagem abdominal, mudança de decúbito e manobra de Valsalva. Discussão: a disfunção gastrointestinal pode causar constrangimentos e prejudicar as relações pessoais. O enfermeiro deve avaliar o padrão eliminatório desta clientela, priorizar ações não-farmacológicas e pouco invasivas, considerar as preferências alimentares, os hábitos culturais e os recursos econômicos dos sujeitos para investir na dieta. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros podem contribuir com a promoção do autocuidado para o intestino neurogênico e a Teoria do Déficit de Autocuidado pode ser utilizada como uma importante ferramenta nesse processo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Primary Health Care , Self Care , Nursing , Neurogenic Bowel , Spinal Cord Injuries , Primary Nursing
14.
Rev. enferm. UFPE on line ; 7(5): 1326-1332, maio 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1033620

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem, de acordo com a taxonomia North American NursingDiagnosis Association International (NANDA-I), presentes nos sujeitos com lesões da medula espinhal,correlacionando-os com os requisitos universais. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório do tipo estudo decaso, com abordagem qualitativa. A amostra por conveniência foi constituída por cinco sujeitos com lesão damedula espinhal. Coletaram-se dados com o histórico de enfermagem. A análise dos dados respaldou-se naTeoria do Autocuidado e diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-I. O estudo foi aprovado no Comitê de Éticaem Pesquisa, sob CAAE 0068.0.133.000-11. Resultados: identificaram-se nove diagnósticos, 12 característicasdefinidoras e 29 fatores relacionados/de risco. Conclusão: verificou-se que a lesão da medula espinhalocasionou considerável alteração no funcionamento orgânico e desenvolvimento dos sujeitos, além de exigirreorganização do sistema de saúde para garantir o Princípio de Integralidade da assistência em saúde.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Nursing Diagnosis , Spinal Cord Injuries , Epidemiology , Qualitative Research , Standardized Nursing Terminology
15.
Microsc Res Tech ; 75(8): 1019-25, 2012 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22407756

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the efficacy of in-office bleaching technique combined with the application of a casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste (MI Paste-MI) at different moments and its influence on enamel surface properties. METHODS: Eighty bovine dental crowns were randomly allocated into eight groups (n = 10), and bleached with either 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) or 37% carbamide peroxide (CP). Four different protocols of application of MI were considered: without MI, MI applied before bleaching, MI applied after bleaching, and MI applied both before and after bleaching. Bleaching effectiveness was measured by the VITA EasyShade spectrophotometer utilizing the CIEL*a*b* system (ΔE, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb*). Color readings were measured at baseline, 7, 14, and 21 days. Hardness and roughness were measured at baseline (T0) and immediately after bleaching (T14). Data were subjected to the two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements and Tukey's test at 5%. RESULTS: HP groups achieved the greatest color change. The application of a CPP-ACP paste did not reduce the efficacy of bleaching peroxides. Samples bleached with CP showed decreased hardness at T14. Samples bleached with HP that received the application of MI before and before/after bleaching did not present hardness decrease at T14. Samples bleached with peroxides only and received MI after bleaching showed increased roughness at T14. CONCLUSIONS: The use of CPP-ACP was able to prevent negative changes in roughness and hardness of bovine enamel when associated to hydrogen peroxide, and might be applied before/after the bleaching protocol.


Subject(s)
Caseins/pharmacology , Dental Enamel/drug effects , Tooth Bleaching/methods , Tooth Crown/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Carbamide Peroxide , Cattle , Dental Enamel/pathology , Dental Enamel/ultrastructure , Hardness Tests , Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology , Materials Testing , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Peroxides/pharmacology , Spectrophotometry , Surface Properties , Time Factors , Tooth Bleaching Agents/pharmacology , Tooth Crown/anatomy & histology , Tooth Crown/pathology , Tooth Discoloration/pathology , Tooth Remineralization , Urea/analogs & derivatives , Urea/pharmacology
16.
REME rev. min. enferm ; 16(1): 111-119, jan.-mar. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-651179

ABSTRACT

O fator mais relevante para a origem da hipertensão arterial na infância é a obesidade, a qual vem apresentando um rápido crescimento nas últimas décadas, sendo considerada uma epidemia, atingindo todas as faixas etárias, especialmente as crianças. O objetivo com este trabalho é descrever a correlação existente entre obesidade infantil como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento da hipertensão arterial na literatura. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e bibliográfico, uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre artigos disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde(BVS), capturados nas bases de dados LILACS e ADOLEC, no período de 2000 a 2010, produzidos no Brasil mediante o cruzamento dos descritores Obesidade, Criança e Hipertensão. Foi obtido um quantitativo de 419 artigos nas bases d e dados utilizadas, sendo selecionados apenas aqueles que versaram sobre a obesidade infantil como fator de risco para hipertensão arterial, tendo obtido ao final um total de 11 publicações, as quais foram sintetizadas em um quadro comparativo. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que doenças como a obesidade e a hipertensão arterial, que eram prevalentes na população adulta, agora atingem, também, as crianças de forma semelhante. Conclui-se, assim, que é fundamental o diagnóstico prematuro e a implantação de estratégias de prevenção e promoção da saúde por uma equipe multiprofissional com esse grupo etário, a fim de evitar complicações futuras que comprometam a qualidade de vida desses indivíduos.


The most relevant fator in the development of arterial hypertension in infancy is obesity. There has been a rapid increasein obesity in the last decades and it is considered an epidemic affecting all age groups, especially children. This paperaims at identifying childhood obesity as a risk fator for the development of arterial hypertension. It is an exploratory,descriptive and bibliographical study, as well as, an integrative literature review on articles available in the Virtual HealthLibrary. The articles were produced in Brazil from 2000 to 2010 and retrieved from LILACS and ADOLEC databases usingthe intersection of descriptors Obesity, Child, and Hypertension. A total of 419 articles were found on the databasesand only those which discussed childhood obesity as a risk fator for arterial hypertension were selected, totaling 11publications. These were collected and summarized in a comparative table. The research results revealed that illnessessuch as obesity and arterial hypertension, which were prevalent in the adult population, now affect also children in asimilar way. To conclude, an early diagnosis and the implementation of obesity prevention strategies and promotionof health by a multidisciplinary team are of fundamental importance for a younger age group. Such measures couldhelp future complications to the quality of life of these individuals.


El fator más relevante para la hipertensión en la niñez es la obesidad. La obesidad ha aumentado considerablementeen las últimas décadas y ha sido considerada como epidemia que afecta todas las edades, especialmente niños. Estetrabajo tiene como objetivo describir la correlación entre la obesidad infantil como fator de riesgo para el desarrollo dela hipertensión en la literatura. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y bibliográfico, una revisión integradorade la literatura de artículos producidos en Brasil entre 2000 y 2010 disponibles en las bases de datos LILACS, ADOLECde la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS). Al vincular las palabras clave “obesidad, niño e hipertensión se obtuvieron419 artículos de los cuales se seleccionaron 11 que trataban de la obesidad infantil como fator de riesgo para lahipertensión. Estas 11 publicaciones se resumieron en un cuadro comparativo. Los resultados de la investigación señalanque enfermedades como obesidad e hipertensión, frecuentes en la población adulta, ahora también afectan niños demanera similar. De ello se deduce que el diagnóstico precoz y la aplicación de estrategias de prevención de la obesidady promoción de la salud por un equipo multidisciplinario son sumamente importantes para este grupo de edad. Contales medidas se podrían evitar futuras complicaciones que comprometen la calidad de vida de estos individuos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Risk Factors , Hypertension/prevention & control , Obesity/complications , Obesity/prevention & control , Child Health , Socioeconomic Factors
17.
Acta Odontol Scand ; 70(4): 337-43, 2012 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22320245

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the impact of bleaching teeth using blends of a CPP-ACP paste (MI Paste; MI) and carbamide/hydrogen peroxides in different proportions on surface properties of bleached enamel. METHODS: Ninety bovine incisors were bleached with 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP), 16% carbamide peroxide (CP), MI and blends of HP or CP:MI at three proportions (1:1, 2:1, 1:2). Hardness and roughness were measured at baseline and after bleaching. Enamel morphology was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements and Tukey's test. RESULTS: Most of the samples bleached with MI in combination with peroxides presented increased hardness and roughness which were associated to mineral deposition, as observed by SEM images. Blends with higher fractions of MI did not offer superior benefits. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a CPP-ACP paste mixed to carbamide/hydrogen peroxides can decrease adverse side-effects from tooth bleaching on an enamel surface.


Subject(s)
Caseins/pharmacology , Dental Enamel/drug effects , Dentifrices/pharmacology , Tooth Bleaching Agents/pharmacology , Tooth Bleaching/methods , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Carbamide Peroxide , Cattle , Dental Enamel/ultrastructure , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Combinations , Hardness/drug effects , Hydrogen Peroxide/administration & dosage , Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Peroxides/administration & dosage , Peroxides/pharmacology , Surface Properties/drug effects , Tea/adverse effects , Tooth Bleaching Agents/administration & dosage , Tooth Discoloration/etiology , Urea/administration & dosage , Urea/analogs & derivatives , Urea/pharmacology
18.
Acta odontol. venez ; 50(1): 30-40, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-676736

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar a través de test de microdureza el efecto de la profundidad de polimerización de un composite utilizando diferentes unidades de luz. Fueron preparados cuerpos de prueba utilizando un composite microhíbrido - Filtek Z250 (3M) en matrices de teflón con dos profundidades diferentes: 2 mm y 3 mm, conteniendo un orificio central de 2 mm de diámetro. Los valores de dureza fueron medidos en la región de superficie y en la de fondo. Fueron utilizadas tres unidades de luz, dos a base de Luz Emitida por Diodo - LED: Optilight CL (Gnatus) y Radii (SDI) y una a base de luz halógena: Ultralux (Dabialtante). Después de la fotoactivación durante 40 segundos, los cuerpos de prueba fueron almacenados en recipiente oscuro, durante 24 horas. El test de dureza Vickers fue realizado con el equipo de dureza Shimadzu Micro Hardness Testers, utilizando una carga de 300 gramos por 15 segundos. Fueron realizadas tres identaciones en cada región (superficie y fondo) de los cuerpos de prueba. Los valores de dureza fueron sometidos a análisis de variancia (ANOVA) y al test de Tukey-Kramer (p<0,05).No fue observada diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los equipos fotoactivadores, sin embargo, el equipo Ultralux proporcionó mayores valores de dureza al composite de que los otros equipos. Considerando el tipo de equipo evaluados, no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en relación a la microdureza del composite en las profundidades de 2mm e 3mm en ninguna de las regiones. Comparando las regiones de los cuerpos de prueba analizadas, (superficial y fondo), fue observada diferencia estadísticamente significativa en ambas profundidades y con todos los equipos, siendo los valores dureza Vickers mayores en la región de fondo de los cuerpos de prueba. Concluyese que entre los equipos utilizados, el Ultralux proporcionó mayor dureza al composite siendo estadísticamente significativa, sin embargo, no hubo diferencia significativa...


The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different depths of cure on the microhardness of a composite resin when using three different types of light units. Test specimens with a 2-mm diameter centered orifice were prepared with a microhybrid composite - Filtek Z250 (3M) using teflon matrices with two different depths: 2 mm and 3 mm. Hardness values were assessed both in superficial and deep areas. Three light units were compared: two light-emitting diode units - Optilight CL (Gnatus) and Radii (SDI), and one halogen-based light unit - Ultralux (Dabialtante). After light curing for 40 minutes, the specimens were stored in a lightproof container for 24 hours. The Vickers hardness test was carried out by the Shimadzu Micro Hardness Tester at a load f 300 grams for 15 seconds. Three test indentations were made in each area (superficial and deep) of the specimens. Mean values of hardness were compared by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), and by the Tukey-Kramer test at 5%. They demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the three light units. The Ultralux device yielded the highest values of hardness regardless the depth of the specimens. It was also observed no statistically significant difference in terms of hardness when comparing the two thicknesses of composite resin within each studied group.


Subject(s)
Microscopy, Polarization/methods , Actin Capping Proteins/analysis , Hardness Tests/methods
19.
Odontol. clín.-cient ; 10(3): 277-280, Jul.-Set. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-725282

ABSTRACT

Este estudo in vitro teve como objetivo avaliar a profundidade de polimerização de duas resinas compostas com diferentes tamanhos de partículas de carga. Foram selecionadas duas resinas compostas micro-híbridas (Opallis (FGM) e Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer) e uma nanoparticulada Z350 (3M ESPE), todas na cor A3. Corpos de prova nas espessuras de 2, 3 e 4mm foram confeccionados (n=5) por meio do aparelho emissor de luz por diodos LED (Radii SDI). Após 24h de armazenamento dos espécimes em recipientes livre de luz, realizou-se a leitura da dureza Vickers nas superfícies de topo e base. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos ANOVA a dois critérios e Tukey (p=0,05). Houve diferenças entre os compósitos, entre as profundidades bem como na interação de ambos os fatores, de forma que, de modo mais frequente, a resina Z350 mostrou valores superiores aos outros materiais. O material nanoparticulado mostrou maior profundidade de polimerização do que as resinas microhíbridas.


This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the depth of two composites' cure with different filler particles sizes. Two micro-hybrid composites (Opallis FGM) and Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer)] and a nanofiller one Z350 (3M ESPE) were selected with A3 shade. Specimens with thicknesses of 2, 3 and 4 mm were made (n = 5) using the light emitting diode LED device (Radii SDI). After 24 h storage of specimens in containers free of light, hardness readings on the top and bottom surfaces were executed. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p = 0.05). There were differences between the composites, among the depths, as well as in the interaction of both factors. Z350 composite resin showed higher values than other materials in the most experimental conditions. The nanofiller material showed higher polymerization depth than those microhybrid ones.

20.
Online braz. j. nurs. (Online) ; 9(2)ago. 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-568521

ABSTRACT

Objective: To identify the nursing interventions used in care practices to the people with Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI) in the prehospital care, hospital attendance or in home care. Method: Integrative Review in BVS and PubMed, using these descriptors: Nursing, Spinal Cord Injuries, Paraplegia and Quadriplegia. Results: The most prevalent interventions were: to position the patient correctly; to change the decubitus and to eliminate pressure in the injured area; to observe the urinary and bowel eliminations, inspect the skin; to perform the vesical catheterization and enema; to promote the hygiene. The educational interventions to people with SCI and their families, emphasizing to the achievement of self-care, are still limited. Conclusion: Most of the interventions were related to these patterns: Activity and exercise; Elimination; Nutrition and Metabolism. There is a need to create a specific script to systematize nursing care to people with SCI and their families.


Objetivo: Identificar as intervencoes de enfermagem utilizadas na pratica assistencial ao individuo com Lesao Medular (LM) no atendimento pre-hospitalar, hospitalar ou domiciliar. Metodo: Revisao integrativa na BVS e no PubMed utilizando-se os descritores: Nursing, Spinal Cord Injuries, Paraplegia e Quadriplegia. Resultados: Verificou-se como intervencoes mais prevalentes: posicionar adequadamente o paciente, mudar decubito e eliminar a pressao na area lesada, supervisionar eliminacoes urinarias e intestinais, inspecionar a pele, realizar cateterismo vesical e lavagem intestinal e promover higiene. As intervencoes voltadas para o ensino das pessoas com LM e seus familiares com estimulo a realizacao do autocuidado sao limitadas. Conclusao: A maioria das intervencoes esteve voltada para o Padrao Atividade e exercicio, seguido por Eliminacao e Nutricao e Metabolismo. Verificou-se a necessidade de elaboracao de um roteiro especifico para sistematizar a assistencia de enfermagem a pessoa com LM e familiares.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Nursing , Paraplegia , Quadriplegia , Spinal Cord Injuries
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