ABSTRACT
Go Baby Go is a program at the University of Delaware that adapts ride-on toy cars for the recreation of children with disabilities. Colombia's health-care system faces many challenges in delivering early mobility devices to these children; thus, here (in Colombia), no dedicated programs such as Go Baby Go exist. In this study, we examined how feasible it would be to implement a Go Baby Go program in our country. Electronic and seating adaptations to the cars were made and described. We chose three participants from a pool of children with cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System IV), according to a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, we measured theirs and their parent's level of satisfaction with the experience through a Likert scale. All of the parents described seeing their kids ride the adapted cars as "extremely fun". They also said that it is "extremely important" to have these devices close by so that their children can get involved in recreational activities.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Palsy , Self-Help Devices , Automobiles , Child , Colombia , Feasibility Studies , Humans , Infant , Leisure ActivitiesABSTRACT
El siguiente artículo es de carácter reflexivo, y su fin es identificar y conocer los diferentes tipos de maltrato que se presentan en las relaciones de pareja, cómo esto afecta nuestra sociedad, en qué niveles socioeconómicos hace presencia, qué género es más vulnerable en sufrir estas conductas agresivas, y cuáles son las principales causas que genera este comportamiento, todo con el fin de tener una mirada más amplia de lo que se está viviendo, y cómo, a través del tiempo, se ha convertido en un fenómeno social.
This text is a reflective article which tries to identify the different types of abuse in relationships, how it affects society, the socioeconomic classes that portray the highest numbers of abuse, which gender is more vulnerable to these aggressive behaviors and the main causes behind them. In order to broaden the perspective of this situation this has through time become a social phenomenon.
Subject(s)
Humans , Spouse Abuse , Marriage/psychology , Domestic Violence/psychology , Family Conflict/psychology , Interpersonal RelationsABSTRACT
Introducción. La escala para manías de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia es un instrumento diseñado para medir la gravedad de la sintomatología maníaca y sólo ha sido validada utilizando técnicas de teoría psicométrica clásica.Objetivos. Determinar las propiedades psicométricas y las características, como instrumento de medición, de la escala para manías mediante análisis basados en la teoría de respuesta al ítem.Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron 264 pacientes con diagnóstico de episodio maníaco, hipomaníaco o mixto, usando la escala para manías. Se analizaron las características psicométricas del instrumento utilizando un modelo de Rasch de crédito parcial para datos politómicos. Resultados. El análisis mostró que, en contraste con los ítems, los índices de separación y la confiabilidad para personas fueron bajos, lo cual sugiere una posible representación reducida del constructo evaluado en esta muestra. La disminución de la necesidad de dormir fue el ítem más fácilmente detectable en los pacientes maníacos. La mayoría de ítems se ajustó a las expectativas del modelo (excepto el afecto depresivo y la capacidad de distraerse). El diagnóstico de la escala de puntuación mostró que las medidas promedio se incrementan monotónicamente a través de la escala. Dos ítems mostraron redundancia y podrían omitirse en versiones futuras de la escala. El mapa persona-ítem sugiere que el síndrome no queda completamente evaluado por la escala, probablemente debido a que algunos síntomas depresivos no se incluyeron en ella. Conclusiones. En este primer estudio de la escala para manías usando el análisis de Rasch, se detectó mal ajuste y redundancia de algunos ítems. El síndrome maníaco no queda completamente evaluado por la escala. El instrumento podría mejorarse agregando síntomas depresivos.
Introduction. The Mania Scale (EMUN) developed at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia was designed to measure the severity of manic symptoms, but has been validated only using classical psychometric theory. Objectives. The psychometric properties and measuring characteristics of the EMUN scale were determined using an analysis based on item response theory. Materials and methods. Two hundred sixty-four patients with manic, hypomanic or mixed episode symptoms were assessed using the EMUN scale. The psychometric characteristics of the scale were analyzed using a Rasch model for partial credit scoring. Results. The analysis based on the item response theory showed that reliability and separation indexes for persons are low in contrast to items. This suggested a narrow representation of the construct evaluated in this sample. Reduced need to sleep has been the most easily detectable symptom in mania. Excepting depressive affect and distractibility, the majority of items fit the models expectation The rating scale diagnostics showed that the average measures increase monotonically across the rating scale. Two items showed redundancy and can be omitted in future versions of the scale. The person-item map suggested that the syndrome is not fully evaluated by the scale, probably because some depressive symptoms are not included.Conclusion. In this first study to use Rasch analysis to assess the psychometric properties of the EMUN scale, misfit and redundancy of items have been detected. The manic syndrome is not fully evaluated by the scale. The instrument can be improved by adding depressive symptoms.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bipolar Disorder , Interview, Psychological , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Reproducibility of Results , Diagnosis , PsychometricsABSTRACT
Introducción: Este es el reporte de caso de un hombre de 27 años con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, quien desarrolló hipotensión y bradicardia inmediatamente después de la administración de una dosis única de 10 mg de olanzapina vía oral. Discusión: El paciente no tenía antecedentes importantes o de reacción adversa a medicamentos. Requirió manejo intrahospitalario, reanimación con cristaloides y atropina intravenosa para lograr la recuperación hemodinámica. El paciente posteriormente recibió tratamiento con haloperidol con adecuada recuperación y sin nuevos efectos adversos. Existe sólo un caso reportado de hipotensión o bradiarritmias asociados con la administración exclusiva de olanzapina oral...
Introduction: This is a case report of a 27-year-old man with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, who developed hypotension and bradycardia immediately after the administration of a single oral dose of 10 mg of olanzapine. Discussion: The patient had no medical history and no history of adverse reactions to medicines. He required hospitalization, reanimation with crystalloids, and IV atropine to achieve hemodynamic recovery. The patient later was treated with haloperidol with adequate recovery and without suffering new adverse effects. Only one case has been reported of hypotension or bradycardia associated with the administration of oral olanzapine...
Subject(s)
Bradycardia , Schizophrenia , Antipsychotic Agents , HypotensionABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The Mania Scale (EMUN) developed at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia was designed to measure the severity of manic symptoms, but has been validated only using classical psychometric theory. OBJECTIVES: The psychometric properties and measuring characteristics of the EMUN scale were determined using an analysis based on item response theory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred sixty-four patients with manic, hypomanic or mixed episode symptoms were assessed using the EMUN scale. The psychometric characteristics of the scale were analyzed using a Rasch model for partial credit scoring. RESULTS: The analysis based on the item response theory showed that reliability and separation indexes for persons are low in contrast to items. This suggested a narrow representation of the construct evaluated in this sample. Reduced need to sleep has been the most easily detectable symptom in mania. Excepting depressive affect and distractibility, the majority of items fit the model's expectation The rating scale diagnostics showed that the average measures increase monotonically across the rating scale. Two items showed redundancy and can be omitted in future versions of the scale. The person-item map suggested that the syndrome is not fully evaluated by the scale, probably because some depressive symptoms are not included. CONCLUSION: In this first study to use Rasch analysis to assess the psychometric properties of the EMUN scale, misfit and redundancy of items have been detected. The manic syndrome is not fully evaluated by the scale. The instrument can be improved by adding depressive symptoms.
Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Probability Theory , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Adult , Antimanic Agents/therapeutic use , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Confidence Intervals , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Female , Humans , Interview, Psychological , Male , Middle Aged , Psychometrics , Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use , Reproducibility of Results , Symptom AssessmentABSTRACT
Two trimetallic ZnCuAl and MnCuAl hydrotalcites have been successfully synthesized by a co-precipitation method. The manganese based material was identified as a new hydrotalcite phase. Both lamellar precursors were calcined at 450 and 600 degrees C and the resulting catalysts were tested on reaction of total oxidation of toluene. The solids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, N(2) adsorption and H(2) temperature-programmed reduction. It was found that ZnCuAl materials are composed of copper and zinc oxides supported on alumina; while MnCuAl ones comprise basically spinel phases, which were not completely identified. The catalytic behavior of the calcined samples showed that Mn hydrotalcite calcined at 450 degrees C exhibited the best catalytic performance that corresponds to 100% toluene conversion into CO(2) at about 300 degrees C.
