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2.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 74(5): 384-392, may. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-232550

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos El tratamiento de la hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica (HTPTEC) ha evolucionado en la última década. Sin embargo, apenas se dispone de información sobre el impacto de estos logros en la población general a escala nacional. Este estudio se diseñó para describir las características de los pacientes con HTPTEC en España en la última década. Métodos Se recogieron prospectivamente datos epidemiológicos, clínicos y pronósticos de los pacientes con HTPTEC consecutivos incluidos en el registro español REHAP desde el 1 de enero de 2007 al 31 de diciembre de 2018. Se evaluaron las diferencias entre diferentes periodos de tiempo, estableciendo 2013 como fecha de referencia para el análisis. Se calculó la puntuación de propensión para la intervención mediante un modelo multivariable de regresión logística. Resultados Se incluyó a 1.019 pacientes; se remitió a 659 (64,4%) a un centro nacional de referencia en HTPTEC. Del total, se seleccionó a 350 (34,3%) para cirugía y a 97 (9,6%) para tratamiento percutáneo. Entre los pacientes diagnosticados entre 2007 y 2012 hubo más frecuencia de muerte que entre los diagnosticados de 2013 en adelante (HR=1,83; IC95%, 1,07-3,15; p=0,027). En el grupo de pacientes ajustado por el modelo de puntuación de propensión, las resistencias vasculares pulmonares basales y la distancia recorrida en el test de 6 min de marcha también fueron determinantes del pronóstico (respectivamente, HR=1,24; IC95%, 1,15-1,33; p=0,011, y HR=0,93; IC95%, 0,90-0,97; p=0,001). Las tasas de supervivencia de los pacientes que se sometieron a un procedimiento intervencionista (trombendarterectomía pulmonar o angioplastia con balón de arterias pulmonares) resultaron llamativamente altas. Conclusiones Durante la última década, el diagnóstico y el pronóstico de la HTPTEC han mejorado de manera considerable. La gravedad de la enfermedad al diagnóstico determinó el perfil de riesgo. ... (AU)


Introduction and objectives Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) treatment has evolved in the last decade. However, there is scarce information on the long-term impact of this progress in a real-life population at a national level. This study was designed to analyze the characteristics of CTEPH patients in Spain over the last decade. Methods We prospectively collected epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic data from CTEPH patients consecutively included in the Spanish REHAP registry from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2018. We evaluated differences over time, establishing 2013 as the reference date for analysis. Propensity scores for interventional treatment were calculated using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results A total of 1019 patients were included; 659 (64.4%) were evaluated at a national CTEPH center. Overall, 350 patients (34.3%) were selected for surgery and 97 (9.6%) for percutaneous treatment. Patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2012 died more frequently than those diagnosed from 2013 onward (HR, 1.83; 95%CI, 1.07-3.15; P=.027). Within the subgroup of patients adjusted by propensity score, baseline pulmonary vascular resistance and the 6-minute walk test distance also determined the outcome (HR, 1.24; 95%CI, 1.15-1.33; P=.011; and HR, 0.93; 95%CI, 0.90-0.97; P=.001, respectively). High survival rates were found in patients who underwent an invasive procedure (pulmonary endarterectomy or balloon pulmonary angioplasty). Conclusions CTEPH diagnosis and prognosis have consistently improved in the last decade. Baseline disease severity determines the risk profile. Patients who undergo pulmonary endarterectomy or balloon pulmonary angioplasty have better outcomes. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Hypertension, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/therapy , Spain , Chronic Disease
4.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 74(5): 384-392, 2021 May.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32654945

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) treatment has evolved in the last decade. However, there is scarce information on the long-term impact of this progress in a real-life population at a national level. This study was designed to analyze the characteristics of CTEPH patients in Spain over the last decade. METHODS: We prospectively collected epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic data from CTEPH patients consecutively included in the Spanish REHAP registry from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2018. We evaluated differences over time, establishing 2013 as the reference date for analysis. Propensity scores for interventional treatment were calculated using a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: A total of 1019 patients were included; 659 (64.4%) were evaluated at a national CTEPH center. Overall, 350 patients (34.3%) were selected for surgery and 97 (9.6%) for percutaneous treatment. Patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2012 died more frequently than those diagnosed from 2013 onward (HR, 1.83; 95%CI, 1.07-3.15; P=.027). Within the subgroup of patients adjusted by propensity score, baseline pulmonary vascular resistance and the 6-minute walk test distance also determined the outcome (HR, 1.24; 95%CI, 1.15-1.33; P=.011; and HR, 0.93; 95%CI, 0.90-0.97; P=.001, respectively). High survival rates were found in patients who underwent an invasive procedure (pulmonary endarterectomy or balloon pulmonary angioplasty). CONCLUSIONS: CTEPH diagnosis and prognosis have consistently improved in the last decade. Baseline disease severity determines the risk profile. Patients who undergo pulmonary endarterectomy or balloon pulmonary angioplasty have better outcomes.


Subject(s)
Angioplasty, Balloon , Hypertension, Pulmonary , Pulmonary Embolism , Chronic Disease , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Hypertension, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/therapy , Logistic Models , Pulmonary Artery , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Pulmonary Embolism/epidemiology , Spain/epidemiology , Treatment Outcome , Walk Test
5.
Cardiovasc Revasc Med ; 19(5 Pt A): 493-497, 2018 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29169982

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To analyse systematic isolated post-dilatation of the side branch as a part of provisional stent technique. METHODS: 1960 angioplasties performed in two centres were prospectively registered, of which 382 were coronary bifurcations with a side branch>2mm. In centre A, isolated post-dilatation of the side branch was performed regardless its impairment after main vessel stenting. In centre B, side branch post-dilatation was performed only if it was severely affected after stent implantation. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two centres in the rate of side branch affection after stent implantation (A: 44.6 vs B: 49.3%, p=0.48) nor in the procedural success rate (A: 98.6% vs B: 96.7%, p=0.45). After one-year follow-up, a reduction of cardiovascular events was observed in centre A (A: 4.4% vs B: 10.4%, p=0.043) with a trend towards lower cardiac mortality (A: 2.2% vs B: 6.5%, p=0.093) and stent thrombosis (A: 0% vs B: 2.6%, p=0.077). There were no differences in the rate of myocardial infarction related to the treated artery (A: 1.4% vs B: 3.9%, p=0.29), or target lesion revascularization (A: 1.4% vs. B: 3.2%, p=0.45). CONCLUSIONS: Systematic isolated post-dilatation of the side branch in the provisional stent technique was associated with a high angiographic success rate, and a low rate of cardiovascular events during follow-up. Although the study design does not allow definitive conclusions, this strategy could be considered a valid option in some cases or even as part of the provisional stent technique.


Subject(s)
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/instrumentation , Coronary Artery Disease/surgery , Stents , Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/adverse effects , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/mortality , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Artery Disease/mortality , Coronary Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Thrombosis/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Radiography, Interventional , Registries , Risk Factors , Spain , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
7.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 70(11): 915-923, nov. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-168317

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos: La hipertensión arterial pulmonar (HAP) se caracteriza por aumento de resistencias vasculares pulmonares, disfunción progresiva del ventrículo derecho y muerte. A pesar de los avances, sigue asociada a alta morbimortalidad. El objetivo del estudio es describir el tratamiento de esta enfermedad y determinar factores pronósticos de pacientes con HAP tratados en un centro de referencia nacional a lo largo de 30 años. Métodos: Se estudió a 379 pacientes consecutivos diagnosticados de HAP (enero de 1984-diciembre de 2014). Se los distribuyó en 3 intervalos de tiempo: previo a 2004, 2004-2009 y 2010-2014, y se analizaron los factores pronósticos de deterioro clínico. Resultados: La mediana de edad de los pacientes es 44 años (el 68,6% eran mujeres) y estaban en clase funcional III-IV el 72%. Se observó un incremento en etiologías más complejas: enfermedad venooclusiva e hipertensión portopulmonar en el último periodo. La terapia combinada de inicio aumentó (el 5% previo a 2004 frente al 27% posterior a 2010; p < 0,05). El análisis multivariable mostró como factores independientes de deterioro clínico edad, sexo, etiología y variables combinadas (p < 0,05). La supervivencia libre de muerte o trasplante al primero, el tercero y el quinto año fueron del 92,2, el 80,6 y el 68,5% respectivamente. La mediana de supervivencia fue 9 años (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 7,532-11,959). Conclusiones: La HAP es una enfermedad heterogénea y compleja. La mediana de supervivencia libre de muerte o trasplante en nuestra serie es 9 años. La estructura de una unidad multidisciplinaria de HAP debe adaptarse con rapidez a los cambios que se producen en el tiempo incorporando nuevas técnicas diagnósticas y terapéuticas (AU)


Introduction and objectives: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular dysfunction and death. Despite scientific advances, is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim is to describe the clinical approach and determine the prognostic factors of patients with PAH treated in a national reference center over 30 years. Methods: Three hundred and seventy nine consecutive patients with PAH (January 1984 to December 2014) were studied. Were divided into 3 periods of time: before 2004, 2004-2009 and 2010-2014. Prognostic factors (multivariate analysis) were analyzed for clinical deterioration. Results: Median age was 44 years (68.6% women), functional class III-IV: 72%. An increase was observed in more complex etiologies in the last period of time: Pulmonary venooclusive disease and portopulmonary hypertension. Upfront combination therapy significantly increased (5% before 2004 vs 27% after 2010; P < .05). Multivariate analysis showed prognostic significance in age, sex, etiology and combined clinical variables as they are independent predictors of clinical deterioration (P < .05). Survival free from death or transplantation for the 1st, 3rd and 5th year was 92.2%, 80.6% and 68.5% respectively. The median survival was 9 years (95% confidence interval, 7.532-11.959) Conclusions: The PAH is a heterogeneous and complex disease, the median survival free from death or transplantation in our series is 9 years after diagnosis. The structure of a multidisciplinary unit PAH must adapt quickly to changes that occur over time incorporating new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hypertension, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Prognosis , Heart Defects, Congenital/complications , Connective Tissue Diseases/complications , Prostaglandins/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Information Services , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Multivariate Analysis , Confidence Intervals , Disease-Free Survival
8.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 70(11): 915-923, 2017 Nov.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28454887

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular dysfunction and death. Despite scientific advances, is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim is to describe the clinical approach and determine the prognostic factors of patients with PAH treated in a national reference center over 30 years. METHODS: Three hundred and seventy nine consecutive patients with PAH (January 1984 to December 2014) were studied. Were divided into 3 periods of time: before 2004, 2004-2009 and 2010-2014. Prognostic factors (multivariate analysis) were analyzed for clinical deterioration. RESULTS: Median age was 44 years (68.6% women), functional class III-IV: 72%. An increase was observed in more complex etiologies in the last period of time: Pulmonary venooclusive disease and portopulmonary hypertension. Upfront combination therapy significantly increased (5% before 2004 vs 27% after 2010; P < .05). Multivariate analysis showed prognostic significance in age, sex, etiology and combined clinical variables as they are independent predictors of clinical deterioration (P < .05). Survival free from death or transplantation for the 1st, 3rd and 5th year was 92.2%, 80.6% and 68.5% respectively. The median survival was 9 years (95% confidence interval, 7.532-11.959) CONCLUSIONS: The PAH is a heterogeneous and complex disease, the median survival free from death or transplantation in our series is 9 years after diagnosis. The structure of a multidisciplinary unit PAH must adapt quickly to changes that occur over time incorporating new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.


Subject(s)
Hypertension, Pulmonary/mortality , Adult , Age of Onset , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Disease Progression , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/therapy , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lung Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Lung Transplantation/trends , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Spain/epidemiology
9.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 69(4): 377-383, abr. 2016. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-152028

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos: El papel de la estimulación auriculoventricular secuencial en pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica obstructiva y síntomas incapacitantes sigue siendo controvertido. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar su efecto en los síntomas, el gradiente dinámico y la función del ventrículo izquierdo. Métodos: Desde 1991 a 2009, se implantó un marcapasos bicameral a 82 pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica obstructiva y síntomas incapacitantes a pesar de tratamiento médico óptimo. Se programó una estimulación secuencial con un intervalo auriculoventricular corto. Se analizaron parámetros clínicos y ecocardiográficos antes, inmediatamente tras el implante y al final de un largo seguimiento (mediana, 8,5 [1-18] años). Resultados: La clase funcional de la New York Heart Association se redujo inmediatamente tras el implante en el 95% de los pacientes (p < 0,0001), y esta mejoría se mantenía al final del seguimiento en el 89% (p = 0,016). Se observó una reducción significativa del gradiente tras el implante (94,5 ± 36,5 frente a 46,4 ± 26,7 mmHg; p < 0,0001) y al final del seguimiento (94,5 ± 36,5 frente a 35,9 ± 24,0 mmHg; p < 0,0001). La insuficiencia mitral mejoró de manera constante en el 52% de los casos (p < 0,0001). No hubo diferencias en el grosor o los diámetros ventriculares, la fracción de eyección o la función diastólica. Conclusiones: La estimulación secuencial en pacientes seleccionados con miocardiopatía hipertrófica obstructiva mejora la clase funcional y reduce el gradiente dinámico y la insuficiencia mitral inmediatamente tras el implante y al final de un largo seguimiento. La estimulación ventricular prolongada no produce efectos deletéreos en la función ventricular sistólica o diastólica en estos pacientes (AU)


Introduction and objectives: Controversy persists regarding the role of sequential atrioventricular pacing in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and disabling symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pacing on symptoms, dynamic gradient, and left ventricular function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods: From 1991 to 2009, dual-chamber pacemakers were implanted in 82 patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and disabling symptoms despite optimal medical therapy. Sequential pacing was performed with a short atrioventricular delay. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters were measured before and immediately after implantation and after a long follow-up (median, 8.5 years [range, 1-18 years]). Results: The New York Heart Association functional class was immediately reduced after pacemaker implantation in 95% of patients (P < .0001), and this improvement was maintained until the final follow-up in 89% (P = .016). The gradient was significantly reduced after implantation (94.5 ± 36.5 vs 46.4 ± 26.7 mmHg; P < .0001) and at final follow-up (94.5 ± 36.5 vs 35.9 ± 24.0 mmHg; P < .0001). Mitral regurgitation permanently improved in 52% of the patients (P < .0001). There were no differences in ventricular thickness or diameters, ejection fraction, or diastolic function. Conclusions: Sequential pacing in selected patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy improves functional class and reduces dynamic gradient and mitral regurgitation immediately after pacemaker implantation and at final follow-up. Prolonged ventricular pacing has no negative effects on systolic or diastolic function in these patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Pacemaker, Artificial , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/physiopathology , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/prevention & control , Ventricular Outflow Obstruction/physiopathology , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial
10.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 69(4): 377-83, 2016 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26719031

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Controversy persists regarding the role of sequential atrioventricular pacing in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and disabling symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pacing on symptoms, dynamic gradient, and left ventricular function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS: From 1991 to 2009, dual-chamber pacemakers were implanted in 82 patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and disabling symptoms despite optimal medical therapy. Sequential pacing was performed with a short atrioventricular delay. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters were measured before and immediately after implantation and after a long follow-up (median, 8.5 years [range, 1-18 years]). RESULTS: The New York Heart Association functional class was immediately reduced after pacemaker implantation in 95% of patients (P < .0001), and this improvement was maintained until the final follow-up in 89% (P = .016). The gradient was significantly reduced after implantation (94.5 ± 36.5 vs 46.4 ± 26.7mmHg; P < .0001) and at final follow-up (94.5 ± 36.5 vs 35.9 ± 24.0mmHg; P < .0001). Mitral regurgitation permanently improved in 52% of the patients (P < .0001). There were no differences in ventricular thickness or diameters, ejection fraction, or diastolic function. CONCLUSIONS: Sequential pacing in selected patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy improves functional class and reduces dynamic gradient and mitral regurgitation immediately after pacemaker implantation and at final follow-up. Prolonged ventricular pacing has no negative effects on systolic or diastolic function in these patients.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Pacing, Artificial , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Forecasting , Ventricular Function, Left/physiology , Ventricular Outflow Obstruction/therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnosis , Echocardiography , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Outflow Obstruction/etiology , Ventricular Outflow Obstruction/physiopathology , Young Adult
11.
Rev Port Cardiol ; 34(10): 623.e1-3, 2015 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26437891

ABSTRACT

Coronary artery perforation (CAP) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. Polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stents prevent blood leakage between struts with a high rate of success. However, they lack elasticity and rapid and correct deployment is difficult. They have also a higher rate of stent restenosis and thrombosis. For these reasons, optimal deployment is essential. Although severe CAP needs an emergent solution, after stabilizing the patient, intracoronary imaging techniques may be useful to ensure correct expansion and reduce further adverse events. We present a case that shows the potential role of intravascular ultrasound in the resolution of a CAP.


Subject(s)
Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Vessels/injuries , Ultrasonography, Interventional , Aged , Humans , Male
17.
Av. cardiol ; 30(1): 30-37, mar. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-607842

ABSTRACT

El diagnóstico final de hipertensión pulmonar se realizamediante cateterismo cardíaco derecho. Existe hipertensiónpulmonar cuando la presión media en la arteria pulmonarsupera los 25 mmHg en situación basal. Una adecuadaexploración hemodinámica permite encuadrar la hipertensiónpulmonar en algunos de los cinco grupos de la clasificaciónclínica actual. Se dan las recomendaciones para los diferentesespecialistas de cuándo efectuar el cateterismo derecho, quéparámetros se deben de registrar y como realizar e interpretaruna prueba aguda de vasorreactividad en la hipertensiónarterial pulmonar.


The final diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension is made byright heart catheterization. Pulmonary hypertension is presentwhen the average pressure in the pulmonary artery exceeds 25mm Hg at baseline. Proper hemodynamic assessment allowsclassification of pulmonary hypertension into one of five clinicalcategories. Recommendations are provided for specialists, whento conduct right heart catheterization, which parameters mustbe recorded and how to perform and interpret a test for acutevasoreactivity in pulmonary arterial hypertensio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Epoprostenol , Hemodynamics , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Nitric Oxide , Cardiology
18.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 45(supl.6): 21-29, jun. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-134880

ABSTRACT

Las técnicas de imagen son el pilar del diagnóstico de la hipertensión pulmonar trobmboembólica crónica (HPTEC). Actualmente, se dispone de una serie de técnicas de imagen de indudable utilidad: gammagrafía ventilación/perfusión, ecocardiografía, tomografía computarizada (TC) multicorte, resonancia magnética y arteriografía pulmonar, aunque no todas están indicadas de rutina en todos los pacientes. La gammagrafía y la ecografía se utilizan como método de cribado de HPTEC tras un tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo. La TC con multidetector (TCMD) es una herramienta eficaz en el estudio de la HPTBEC, ya que demuestra la localización, extensión y características de los trombos arteriales centrales y periféricos, además de ofrecer un estudio del vaso distal a la obstrucción. Permite valorar otros hallazgos que pueden condicionar el tratamiento médico o quirúrgico, como circulación sistémica colateral, patología parenquimatosa coincidente, patología coronaria o cardíaca. Es un método no invasivo y bien tolerado por los pacientes, por lo que puede emplearse en el seguimiento de la enfermedad o para valorar resultados posquirúrgicos. La arteriografía pulmonar ha precedido al resto de técnicas de imagen, siendo la técnica de elección para el diagnóstico de HPTEC durante muchos años. Un acceso limitado a esta técnica, un riesgo bajo pero existente, y el desarrollo de técnicas de diagnóstico no invasivas, fundamentalmente la TCMD, han hecho que en la actualidad su principal indicación sea la valoración de la accesibilidad quirúrgica en los pacientes en los que la cirugía de tromboendarterectomía pulmonar se considera una opción terapéutica. Realizada por hemodinamistas expertos, de forma estandarizada en el laboratorio de hemodinámica, es un procedimiento seguro, incluso en pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar severa (AU)


Imaging tests are the cornerstone of the diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). A series of imaging tests of unquestionable utility is currently available: ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy, echocardiography, multislice computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and pulmonary arteriography. However, not all of these techniques are routinely indicated in all patients. Scintigraphy and echography are used to screen for CTEPH after an acute pulmonary thromboembolism. Multidetector CT is effective in the study of CTEPH since this procedure reveals the localization, extension and characteristics of the central and peripheral arterial thrombi as well as providing data on the vessel distal to the obstruction. Other findings that can affect medical or surgical treatment can be assessed with this technique, such as collateral systemic circulation, concurrent parenchymatous abnormalities, and coronary or cardiac disease. Multidetector CT is a non-invasive method that is well tolerated by patients and consequently can be used in the follow-up of the disease or to evaluate postsurgical results. Pulmonary arteriography predated other imaging techniques and was the technique of choice for the diagnosis of CTEPH for many years. Because of limited access to this procedure, a low but nevertheless present risk, and the development of non-invasive diagnostic techniques, mainly multidetector CT, the main indication of pulmonary arteriography is currently assessment of surgical accessibility in candidates for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. When performed by expert hemodynamists using a standardized technique in the hemodynamic laboratory, this procedure is safe even in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Thromboembolism/complications , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Chronic Disease , Diagnostic Imaging
19.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 54(10): 1183-1189, oct. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2297

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia y características de las alteraciones ecocardiográficas (disfunción sistólica y/o diastólica, derrame pericárdico) en pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana sin síntomas ni antecedentes de enfermedad cardíaca, y su comparación con un grupo control sano. Pacientes y método. Se realizó ecocardiograma transtorácico a 125 pacientes (73 por ciento varones, 33,2 ñ 6,6 años) infectados con el VIH sin síntomas de afectación cardíaca y a 47 sujetos sanos (78 por ciento varones, 31,6 ñ 7,3 años) como grupo control. Se determinó la situación inmunológica mediante recuento de linfocitos CD4. Resultados. Los pacientes portadores del VIH presentaban alteraciones de la relajación y del patrón de llenado del ventrículo izquierdo en comparación con el grupo control (relación E/A 1,31 ñ 0,35 en VIH, 1,66 ñ 0,38 en control; p < 0,001; tiempo de hemipresión 57,5 ñ 13 en VIH, 50,6 ñ 6,6 en control; p < 0,001), así como alteraciones de la contractilidad segmentaria (15 por ciento) y presencia de derrame pericárdico (7,2 por ciento). Los datos de función sistólica (FE 64,8 ñ 8,3) y las medidas del ventrículo izquierdo (diámetro diastólico 4,94 ñ 0,55, diámetro sistólico 3,17 ñ 0,51) fueron normales y sin diferencias con el grupo control. Conclusiones. Las alteraciones ecocardiográficas silentes en pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana son frecuentes y sugieren una afectación directa del virus sobre el miocardio. La alteración de la función diastólica se relaciona directamente con el deterioro de la situación inmunológica. Estudios prospectivos son necesarios, pues se desconoce el pronóstico clínico de estas alteraciones asintomáticas (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Female , Humans , Myocardial Contraction , Systole , Case-Control Studies , HIV Infections , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left , Prospective Studies , Echocardiography
20.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 54(9): 1048-1054, sept. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2154

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La presencia de shock cardiogénico es la principal causa de muerte intrahospitalaria en pacientes con un infarto agudo de miocardio. No se ha demostrado que los tratamientos convencionales mejoren la supervivencia de estos pacientes, y estudios previos de revascularización urgente con angioplastia coronaria parecen ofrecer resultados prometedores. Pacientes y método. Se describen de forma retrospectiva los resultados clínicos y angiográficos de la angioplastia primaria electiva en 48 pacientes con shock cardiogénico secundario a un infarto agudo de miocardio de menos de 12 h de evolución. Se utilizó contrapulsación intraaórtica en el 79 por ciento de los pacientes. Se excluyeron los enfermos con shock cardiogénico secundario a complicaciones mecánicas. Resultados. Se obtuvo éxito angiográfico (estenosis final < 50 por ciento y TIMI 2) en el 85 por ciento de las lesiones causantes, y se implantó al menos un stent en el 76 por ciento de las lesiones. Se realizó angioplastia multivaso en el 25 por ciento de los pacientes y se utilizó abciximab en el 35 por ciento de los casos. El tiempo medio desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta la angioplastia fue de 7,4 ñ 3,1 h. La supervivencia intrahospitalaria fue del 58 por ciento, y a los 6 meses del 54 por ciento. Conclusiones. La revascularización coronaria urgente mediante angioplastia primaria e implante de stent intracoronario en pacientes con shock cardiogénico como complicación de un infarto agudo de miocardio es efectiva, consigue restablecer un flujo TIMI 2 en una alta proporción de pacientes y disminuye la mortalidad respecto a los resultados del tratamiento conservador en series históricas (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Female , Humans , Stents , Shock, Cardiogenic , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Hospital Mortality , Myocardial Infarction , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors , Retrospective Studies , Analysis of Variance , Follow-Up Studies , Heart-Assist Devices
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