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1.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 42(3): 152-157, abr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-151537

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Valorar la inercia terapéutica (IT) en el manejo de los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 (DM2) respecto al control glucémico y lipídico. Material y métodos. Se estudiaron 2 grupos de pacientes. Grupo 1: todos los pacientes mayores de 14 años con registro de DM2 hasta el 28-02-2013 y con la última determinación de HbA1c ≥ 8,5%. Grupo 2: todos los pacientes menores de 60 años con diagnóstico de DM2 realizado entre el 1-01-2011 y el 31-12-2012, sin complicaciones crónicas de la enfermedad y con la última determinación de HbA1c ≥ 6,5%. Resultados. Grupo 1: fueron incluidos 253 pacientes (13% de los DM2 registrados). La IT fue del 43% para la DM2, del 83% para el colesterol LDL y del 80% para los triglicéridos. La IT fue inferior (p = 0,037) en los pacientes con HbA1c ≥ 10%. La IT en el manejo del perfil lipídico no fue diferente dependiendo de los niveles de HbA1c. Grupo 2: fueron valorados todos los pacientes con DM2 (n = 53) que cumplían criterios de inclusión (2,7% de los casos de DM2 registrados). Porcentaje de visitas en las que se practicó IT: 55% para la DM2, 63% para el colesterol LDL y 64% para los triglicéridos. Se observó una mayor intensificación de la terapia en pacientes con HbA1c > 7,5% en 3 de las 5 visitas realizadas. Conclusiones. En ambos grupos la IT fue elevada, existiendo un infrarregistro de los motivos de la misma. Es importante mejorar la actitud y las condiciones laborales de los profesionales que atienden a la población diabética (AU)


Objective. To assess therapeutic inertia (TI) in the management of type 2 diabetic patients (DM2), as regards glycemic and lipid control. Materials and methods. Two groups of patients were studied. Group 1: All the patients were older than 14 years, diagnosed with DM2 up to 28th February 2013, and their last determination of HbA1c was ≥ 8.5%. Group 2: All patients, under 60 years old, diagnosed with DM2 between the 1st January 2011 and the 31st December 2012, with no chronic complications and their last determination of HbA1c was ≥ 6.5%. Results. Group 1: 253 patients were included (13% of DM2 diagnosed). TI was 43% for DM2, 83% for LDL cholesterol, and 80% for triglycerides. TI was lower (P = .037) in patients with HbA1c ≥ 10%. There was no difference in TI as regards the management of lipid profile depending on the HbA1c levels. Group 2: All DM2 patients (n = 53) who met inclusion criteria were assessed (2.7% of DM2 diagnosed). Percentage of visits of those patients that had TI: 55% for DM2, 63% for LDL cholesterol and 64% for triglycerides. A more intense therapy was observed in patients with HbA1c > 7.5% in 3 of the 5 visits made. Conclusions. TI in both groups was high and there is a lack of recording the reasons for this. It is important to improve the attitude of the professionals who care for the diabetic population (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy , Health Status Indicators , Lipid Metabolism/physiology , Lipid Metabolism Disorders/therapy , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care/trends , Primary Health Care , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/trends , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies/trends , Retrospective Studies , Confidence Intervals
2.
Semergen ; 42(3): 152-7, 2016 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25910605

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess therapeutic inertia (TI) in the management of type 2 diabetic patients (DM2), as regards glycemic and lipid control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of patients were studied. Group 1: All the patients were older than 14 years, diagnosed with DM2 up to 28th February 2013, and their last determination of HbA1c was ≥ 8.5%. Group 2: All patients, under 60 years old, diagnosed with DM2 between the 1st January 2011 and the 31st December 2012, with no chronic complications and their last determination of HbA1c was ≥ 6.5%. RESULTS: Group 1: 253 patients were included (13% of DM2 diagnosed). TI was 43% for DM2, 83% for LDL cholesterol, and 80% for triglycerides. TI was lower (P=.037) in patients with HbA1c ≥ 10%. There was no difference in TI as regards the management of lipid profile depending on the HbA1c levels. Group 2: All DM2 patients (n=53) who met inclusion criteria were assessed (2.7% of DM2 diagnosed). Percentage of visits of those patients that had TI: 55% for DM2, 63% for LDL cholesterol and 64% for triglycerides. A more intense therapy was observed in patients with HbA1c>7.5% in 3 of the 5 visits made. CONCLUSIONS: TI in both groups was high and there is a lack of recording the reasons for this. It is important to improve the attitude of the professionals who care for the diabetic population.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy , Lipids/blood , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards , Primary Health Care/standards , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Attitude of Health Personnel , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Female , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
3.
Neuroimage ; 111: 100-6, 2015 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25687594

ABSTRACT

With the prevalence of obesity rapidly increasing worldwide, understanding the processes leading to excessive eating behavior becomes increasingly important. Considering the widely recognized crucial role of reward processes in food intake, we examined the white matter wiring and integrity of the anatomical reward network in obesity. Anatomical wiring of the reward network was reconstructed derived from diffusion weighted imaging in 31 obese participants and 32 normal-weight participants. Network wiring was compared in terms of the white matter volume as well as in terms of white matter microstructure, revealing lower number of streamlines and lower fiber integrity within the reward network in obese subjects. Specifically, the orbitofrontal cortex and striatum nuclei including accumbens, caudate and putamen showed lower strength and network clustering in the obesity group as compared to healthy controls. Our results provide evidence for obesity-related disruptions of global and local anatomical connectivity of the reward circuitry in regions that are key in the reinforcing mechanisms of eating-behavior processes.


Subject(s)
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Neostriatum/pathology , Nerve Net/pathology , Obesity/pathology , Prefrontal Cortex/pathology , Reward , White Matter/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male
4.
Neuroimage ; 66: 232-9, 2013 Feb 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23103690

ABSTRACT

Obesity is a health problem that has become a major focus of attention in recent years. There is growing evidence of an association between obesity and differences in reward processing. However, it is not known at present whether these differences are linked exclusively to food, or whether they can be detected in other rewarding stimuli. We compared responses to food, rewarding non-food and neutral pictures in 18 young adults with obesity and 19 normal-weight subjects using independent component analysis. Both groups modulated task-related activity in a plausible way. However, in response to both food and non-food rewarding stimuli, participants with obesity showed weaker connectivity in a network involving activation of frontal and occipital areas and deactivation of the posterior part of the default mode network. In addition, obesity was related with weaker activation of the default mode network and deactivation of frontal and occipital areas while viewing neutral stimuli. Together, our findings suggest that obesity is related to a different allocation of cognitive resources in a fronto-occipital network and in the default mode network.


Subject(s)
Brain Mapping , Brain/physiopathology , Neural Pathways/physiopathology , Obesity/physiopathology , Reward , Adult , Female , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Young Adult
5.
Rev Clin Esp ; 209(1): 3-8, 2009 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19268090

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the appearance of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at five years of follow-up in a known non-diabetic population. DESIGN: nested case control studies (case s-control into a cohort) developed in two stages: 1) identification and characterization of the cohort and 2) follow-up. STUDY POPULATION: representative sample of a non-diabetic population between 40 and 75 years old attended in a Primary Health Center. IDENTIFICATION: 326 persons, 2.1% of whom were diagnosed of previously unknown DM2 and 7.3% of IFG. Insulin resistance (IR) was higher in patients with IFG and pancreatic function of beta cells (PFBC) was higher in the population without glucose metabolism alteration. FOLLOW-UP: 121 persons, 9.7 % of whom evolved to DM2 (all with IFG). IFG proportion at the end of the follow-up was 23.96%. CONCLUSIONS: At 5 years of follow-up, more than 1/3 of the population studied developed DM2 or IFG. These diagnoses were related with IR and PFBC.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Glucose Metabolism Disorders/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Blood Glucose/analysis , Case-Control Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/etiology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Glucose Metabolism Disorders/complications , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
6.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 209(1): 3-8, ene. 2009. graf, tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-59527

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Determinar la aparición de diabetes mellitus (DM) y glucemia basal alterada (GBA) a los cinco años de seguimiento de una población no diabética conocida. Material y métodos. Diseño: estudio casos-control anidado (casos-control dentro de una cohorte) desarrollado en dos fases, la de identificación y caracterización de la cohorte a estudio y la de seguimiento. Población a estudio: muestra representativa de población no diabética de 40 a 75 años atendida en un Centro de Atención Primaria. Resultados. Fase de identificación: 326 personas de las que un 2,1% fueron diagnosticadas de DM2 no conocida previamente y un 7,3% de GBA. La resistencia a la insulina (RI) fue superior en los pacientes con GBA y la función de la célula beta pancreática (FBP) fue superior en la población sin alteraciones del metabolismo de la glucosa. Fase de seguimiento: 121 personas. Un 9,7% evolucionaron a DM2 (todos con GBA previa) siendo la proporción de GBA al final del seguimiento de 23,96%. Conclusiones. A los cinco años de seguimiento, más de un tercio de la población estudiada evolucionó a DM o a GBA, estando la aparición de estas alteraciones relacionada con la RI y con la FBP (AU)


Objective. To determine the appearance of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at five years of follow-up in a known non-diabetic population. Patients and methods. Design: nested case control studies (case s-control into a cohort) developed in two stages: 1) identification and characterization of the cohort and 2) follow-up. Study population: representative sample of a non-diabetic population between 40 and 75 years old attended in a Primary Health Center. Results. Identification: 326 persons, 2.1% of whom were diagnosed of previously unknown DM2 and 7.3% of IFG. Insulin resistance (IR) was higher in patients with IFG and pancreatic function of beta cells (PFBC) was higher in the population without glucose metabolism alteration. Follow-up: 121 persons, 9.7 % of whom evolved to DM2 (all with IFG). IFG proportion at the end of the follow-up was 23.96%. Conclusions. At 5 years of follow-up, more than 1/3 of the population studied developed DM2 or IFG. These diagnoses were related with IR and PFBC (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Glucose Metabolism Disorders/epidemiology , Glycemic Index , Insulin Resistance , Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
7.
Aten Primaria ; 34(4): 192-7, 2004 Sep 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15388067

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of functional thyroid pathology (FTP) and pathologies associated with it in an elderly population. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Urban primary care centre. PATIENTS: Representative sample of the entire population attended that was 60 years old or over. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Demographic variables, clinical history of thyroid pathology and pathology associated with it, Body Mass Index, small tests for diagnosing depression and anxiety, the mini-mental test, electrocardiogram, determination of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, and of free thyrotrophin and thyroxin if it is disturbed. RESULTS: 192 people were studied, 56% women, 53% between 60 and 69 and 12% over 79 years old. 10% had a history of previous FTP. Prevalence of active FTP was 13% (10.41% sub-clinical hypothyroidism, 0.52% clinical hypothyroidism, 1.56% sub-clinical hyperthyroidism, and 0.52% clinical hyperthyroidism). Prevalence of new diagnoses of FTP was 4.1% (7 with hypothyroidism and 1 with hyperthyroidism, all sub-clinical). During the study the following pathology was detected in hypothyroidism sufferers: 43% anxiety disorder, 38% depressive syndrome, 28.5% cognitive deterioration, 9.5% dementia, 26% electrocardiographic disturbances, 47.6% obesity, and 28.5% with total cholesterol > or =250 mg/dL. In hyperthyroidism, 50% with depressive syndrome, 25% with cognitive deterioration, 25% with electrocardiographic disturbances, and 50% with obesity were detected. CONCLUSIONS: FTP is more prevalent among the elderly than in the population as a whole, with predominance of hypothyroidism, subclinical pathology and among women. In terms of pathology traditionally linked to thyroid malfunction, few differences were found between the population affected with FTP and those not affected. Primary care doctors are important in reducing under-diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Thyroid Diseases/epidemiology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiology , Thyroid Diseases/diagnosis , Thyroid Diseases/therapy , Thyroid Function Tests , Thyroid Gland
8.
Rev Clin Esp ; 203(5): 224-9, 2003 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12765568

ABSTRACT

PATIENTS AND METHODS: An ophthalmic examination was performed in 1,495 diabetic patients by means of a photographic method with a non-mydriatic retinal (Ffo-CNM) camera (with inclusion of 81.5% of the total diabetic population in our area attended in three primary care centers in Terrasa, Barcelona. RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy known prior to the study was 15% (n = 218). With the application of the Ffo-CNM method the prevalence increased up to 28% (p = 0.0001). The diagnoses obtained were: normal fundoscopic appearance (bilateral), 61% (n = 908), DR without maculopathy, 22% (n = 334); DR with maculopathy, 5% (n = 75); severe DR or preproliferative DR, 0.1% (n = 1), and proliferative DR, 0.7% (n = 10). The fundus was not visible in 11% (n = 167) of patients, mainly because of darkness refractory miosis (48%) and media opacity (43%). Thirty-nine percent of examined patients were referred to the referral Ophthalmology department either because DR or non-visible eye fundus. CONCLUSIONS: The use of Ffo-CNM enhances the ophthalmoscopic examination in the diabetic population given the simplicity of the technique and its accessibility with the corresponding increase in the number of diagnoses of DR. Likewise, it improves the care quality to the diabetic patient and also the reationalization of patient referral to the ophthalmologic centers.


Subject(s)
Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis , Primary Health Care , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology , Humans , Prevalence , Time Factors
9.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 203(5): 224-229, mayo 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-21728

ABSTRACT

Pacientes y métodos. Se realizó una exploración oftalmológica, con el método de la fotografía de fondo de ojo con cámara de retina no midriática (Ffo-CNM) a 1.495 pacientes diabéticos (cobertura de exploración del 81,5 por ciento) atendidos en tres áreas básicas de salud. Resultados. La prevalencia de retinopatía diabética (RD) conocida previamente al estudio era de un 15 por ciento (n = 218). Con la aplicación del método de la Ffo-CNM ésta aumentó al 28 por ciento (p = 0,0001). Diagnósticos. Fondo de ojo normal (bilateral): 61 por ciento (908); RD de fondo sin maculopatía: 22 por ciento (334); RD de fondo con maculopatía: 5 por ciento (75); RD de fondo severa o RD preproliferativa: 0,1 por ciento (1), y RD proliferativa: 0,7 por ciento (10). El fondo del ojo no fue visible en un 11 por ciento (167) de los pacientes, principalmente por miosis refractaria a la oscuridad (48 por ciento) y opacificidad de medios (43 por ciento).Un 39 por ciento de los pacientes explorados fueron derivados al Servicio de Oftalmología de referencia o bien por presencia de lesiones de RD o bien por fondo de ojo no visible. Conclusiones. La utilización de la Ffo-CNM facilita la exploración oftalmológica en la población diabética debido a la sencillez de la técnica y a su accesibilidad, con el consiguiente aumento en la proporción de diagnósticos de RD. Asimismo, permite mejorar la calidad de la atención al paciente diabético y racionalizar su derivación a los servicios de Oftalmología (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Time Factors , Prevalence , Diabetic Retinopathy , Cross-Sectional Studies
10.
Aten Primaria ; 29(8): 474-80, 2002 May 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12031220

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a diabetic population. To relate sociodemographic and clinical evolutionaries variables. DESIGN: Descriptive transversal study. SETTING: Three urban Primary Health Centers (PHC). Participants. Diabetic patients attended in these PHC.Measurements. VARIABLES: sociodemographic and clinical through an individualized survey and a medical record review. RESULTS: 1495 patients were studied from whom 96% were diabetic type 2. Age: 66 years old (SD 12). Sex: 56% were women. Education level: 62 didn't have finished their primary studies. Family: 71% live together with a partner. Years of evolution: Diabetes (DM) < 10 years: 47% in type 1; 64% in type 2. RISK FACTORS: DM 1: smokers 40%; hypertension (HTA) 7%; DM 2: smokers 12%; HTA 51%; obesity 26%; hypercholesterolemia 28%; hypertriglyceridemia 17%. Chronic complications: DM 1: retinopathy (DR) 26%; nephropathy (Nf) 3.5%; ischemic heart disease (IHD) 3.5%; periferic arteriopathy (PA) 7%; Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) 2%; peripheric neuropathy (PN) 5%. DM 2: DR 14%; Nf 13%; IHD 12%; PA 9%; CVA 5%; PN 4%; autonomic neuropathy 3%. Metabolic control DM 2: 67% HbA1c 7.5. Best metabolic control in DM with less years of evolution (p = 0.001). Treatment DM 2: 32% diet, 51% oral treatment, 13% insulin, 4% mixed. No relation with cultural level and family situation with metabolic control. In chronic complications only DR were more prevalent in patients with less cultural level (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Less cultural level doesn't influence neither metabolic control nor appearance chronic complications, except DR. The knowledge of diabetic population attended has allowed to detect the need of reinforce the intervention for decrease smoking and increase chronic complications detection.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Diabetes Complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain/epidemiology
11.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 29(8): 474-480, mayo 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-12711

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de una población diabética. Relacionar variables sociodemográficas y clinicoevolutivas. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento. Tres áreas básicas de salud (ABS) urbanas. Pacientes diabéticos atendidos en estas ABS. Mediciones principales. Variables sociodemográficas y clínicas a través de encuesta individualizada y revisión de historias clínicas. Resultados. Se estudiaron 1.495 pacientes, 96 por ciento diabetes (DM) tipo 2. Edad: 66 años (DE ñ 12). Sexo: 56 por ciento mujeres. Estudios: 62 por ciento sin estudios primarios finalizados (15,5 por ciento analfabetismo, 46 por ciento primaria incompleta); 27 por ciento graduado escolar. Núcleo familiar: 71 por ciento convivía en pareja, 11 por ciento con los hijos, 12 por ciento vivían solos. Años evolución: DM < 10 años: 47 por ciento en DM 1; 64 por ciento en DM 2. Factores riesgo: DM 1: tabaquismo 40 por ciento; hipertensión arterial (HTA) 7 por ciento. DM 2: tabaquismo 12 por ciento; HTA 51 por ciento; obesidad 26 por ciento; hipercolesterolemia 28 por ciento; hipertrigliceridemia 17 por ciento. Complicaciones crónicas: DM 1: retinopatía (RD) 26 por ciento; nefropatía (Nf ) 3,5 por ciento; cardiopatía isquémica (CI) 3,5 por ciento; arteriopatía periférica (AP) 7 por ciento; accidente vascular cerebral (AVC) 2 por ciento; neuropatía periférica (NP) 5 por ciento. DM 2: RD 14 por ciento; Nf 13 por ciento; CI 12 por ciento; AP 9 por ciento; AVC 5 por ciento; NP 4 por ciento; neuropatía autonómica 3 por ciento. Control metabólico DM 2: 67 por ciento HbA1c 7,5. Mejor control metabólico en DM de menos años de evolución (p = 0,001). Tratamiento DM 2: 32 por ciento dieta, 51 por ciento tratamiento oral, 13 por ciento insulina, 4 por ciento mixto. No relación ni del nivel cultural ni de la situación familiar de los pacientes con el control metabólico de la DM. De las complicaciones crónicas, solamente la RD era más prevalente en pacientes con nivel cultural más bajo (p = 0,037).Conclusiones. El bajo nivel cultural de los pacientes no influye ni en el control metabólico ni en la aparición de complicaciones crónicas, a excepción de la RD. El conocimiento de la población diabética atendida ha permitido detectar la necesidad de reforzar intervenciones encaminadas a disminuir el tabaquismo y aumentar la detección de complicaciones crónicas (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Socioeconomic Factors , Sex Factors , Spain , Prevalence , Diabetes Mellitus , Age Factors , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
12.
Medifam (Madr.) ; 12(3): 184-190, mar. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-11110

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: la patología tiroidea es un motivo de consulta frecuente en Atención Primaria. El conocimiento de la situación de la misma en su en torno facilita su manejo. Objetivo: conocer prevalencia y tipo de patología funcional tiroidea en población adulta atendida en un Centro de Atención Primaria. Diseño: estudio descriptivo transversal. Material y métodos : población mayor de 14 años adscrita a dos Unidades Básicas Asistenciales. Muestra de 442 personas, analizándose edad, sexo, determinación de tirotropina y patología tiroidea previa. Resultados: personas incluidas: 375 [edad media 46ñ17 años; 61,3 por ciento (n=230) mujeres]. Patología tiroidea previa: 16 casos (4 por ciento). Patología funcional tiroidea activa: 14 casos (3,63 por ciento) distribuidos entre 11 pacientes con aumento de tirotropina (78,6 por ciento) y 3 pacientes con disminución de tirotropina (21,4 por ciento). Prevalencia de patología funcional tiroidea: global del 5,9 por ciento (22 casos, 12 de nuevo diagnóstico); 8,7 por ciento (n=20) en mujere s ; 1,3 por ciento (n=2) en hombres; 5,9 por ciento (n=11) en el grupo menor a 50 años y 5,5 por ciento (n=11) en el grupo de 50 o más años. Tipos patología: 0,8 por ciento (n=3) hipotiroi dismo clínico; 3,7 por ciento (n=14) hipotiroidismo subclínico; 0,3 por ciento (n=1) hipertiroidismo clínico; 1 por ciento (n=4) hipertiroidismo subclínico. Conclusiones: tanto la prevalencia global de patología funcional tiroidea como la distribución de la misma por tipo de patología y sexo, no difieren de las descritas en la literatura. Se observan diferencias respecto a la distribución por edades, con una menor prevalencia en edades avanzadas de la vida. El elevado porcentaje de nuevos diagnósticos, implica reflexionar sobre la necesidad de aumentar la sospecha clínica de la patología funcional tiroidea (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Thyroid Diseases/diagnosis , Primary Health Care , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Thyroid Diseases/classification , Age Factors , Sex Factors
13.
Aten Primaria ; 26(2): 104-6, 2000 Jun 30.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10927827

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To find the intervention of family doctors (FD) in diagnosing tumour pathology. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: Urban primary care centre. PATIENTS: Patients over 14 diagnosed with cancer. MEASUREMENTS: Selection of patients from the computerised records between November 1989 and March 1997. Review of clinical histories, analysing: 1. Personal details, 2. Type of cancer, 3. Intervention of the FD in the diagnosis, 4. Symptom of initial consultation, 5. Further tests requested by FD, 6. Interval between consultation and diagnosis, 7. Survival and 8. interval between diagnosis and death. FD intervention in diagnosis was evaluated: 1. Impossible intervention, 2. No intervention, with suspect signs not valued (SSNV) or with suspect signs valued (SSV), 3. Diagnostic intervention, incomplete (Iin) or complete (Ico). RESULTS: 438 tumours were detected: in 256 men (59%) and 171 women (41%). The most common kind in men was lung cancer (46 cases, 17%), and in women breast cancer (59 cases, 34%). In 233 cases (53%) the intervention of the FD was impossible. In 29 cases (6.5%) the FD's intervention was nil (15 cases with SSNV, 14 cases with SSV). Of the 174 cases (39.6%) in which the FD intervened, full diagnosis was made in 40% (69 cases). The mean of the interval between the first consultation and the diagnosis was significantly less when FD intervention existed, at 1.95 months (CI, 0.63-1.06) in Ico and 2.9 months (CI, 0.51-2.19) in Iin, than when there was no intervention, with delays of 5.58 months (CI, 1.46-3.53) with SSNV and 10.5 months (CI, 8.45-12.54) with SSV (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The family doctor can play an important part in cancer diagnosis. His/her active intervention can reduce the interval between consultation and diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Neoplasms/diagnosis , Physician's Role , Physicians, Family , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors
14.
Aten Primaria ; 25(7): 489-92, 2000 Apr 30.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10851754

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evolution of alcohol consumption in chronic drinkers after a primary care alcohol intervention over two years. DESIGN: Prospective intervention study. SETTING: Urban primary care centre. PATIENTS: Males between 20 and 60 years old who consumed 100 or more grams of alcohol per day for at least the previous two years. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Detoxification (out-patient or hospital according to the degree of dependency) and habit-breaking, which consisted of psychological support (techniques of brief counselling, brief motivating interview) and/or referral to the care and observance centre (COC) for individual and/or group psychotherapy, took place. A minimum of eight visits were programmed and consumption was assessed in gr/day at the start and at one (1 m), three (3 m), six (6 m), twelve (12 m), eighteen (18 m) and twenty-four months (24 m). 64 out of 129 (49.5%) responded to the appointment. Control visits: nil observance (0 visits) 6 patients (9%), and excellent observance (> or = 9 visits) 21 patients (33%). INTERVENTIONS: Psychotherapy treatment: psychological support 55 patients (86%), referral to the COC 4 (6%), group psychotherapy 2 (3%), and non-treatment 6 (9%). Data on mean consumption: start 131 g/day (SD = 52), 12 m 31 (SD = 41), and 24 m 38 (SD = 42). Mean reduction of consumption at 24 months according to the observance: insufficient -19%, acceptable -71.1%, excellent -83.9% (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Low response to appointments. Evolution of alcohol consumption was similar to that in other studies. Clear relationship between number of visits and consumption at the end of the study. Given the positive findings, we think a primary care intervention on alcohol is essential.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism/prevention & control , Adult , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies
15.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 26(2): 104-106, jun. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-4241

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Conocer la intervención del médico de familia (MF) en el diagnóstico de la patología tumoral. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Emplazamiento. Centro de atención primaria urbano. Pacientes. Pacientes mayores de 14 años diagnosticados de cáncer. Mediciones. Selección de pacientes a partir de registro informatizado desde noviembre de 1989 hasta marzo de 1997. Revisión de historias clínicas analizando: a) datos de filiación; b) tipo de cáncer; c) intervención del MF en el diagnóstico; d) síntoma de consulta inicial; e) pruebas complementarias solicitadas por el MF; f) intervalo consulta-diagnóstico; g) supervivencia, y h) intervalo diagnóstico-éxitus. La intervención del MF en el diagnóstico se valoró: a) intervención imposible; b) intervención nula (con signos de sospecha no valorados (SSNV) o con signos de sospecha valorados (SSV)), y c) intervención diagnóstica (incompleta (IIn) o completa (ICo)). Resultados. Se detectaron 438 tumores: en 256 varones (59 por ciento) y en 171 mujeres (41 por ciento). El tipo más frecuente en el varón fue el cáncer de pulmón (46 casos, 17 por ciento) y el de mama en la mujer (59 casos, 34 por ciento). En 233 casos (53 por ciento) la intervención del MF fue imposible. En 29 casos (6,5 por ciento) su intervención fue nula (15 casos con SSNV, 14 con SSV). De los 174 casos (39,6 por ciento) en los que intervino, llegó al diagnóstico completo en un 40 por ciento de los mismos (69 casos). La media del intervalo entre la primera consulta y el diagnóstico fue significativamente inferior cuando existió intervención del MF, siendo 1,95 meses (IC, 0,63-1,06) en ICo y 2,9 meses (IC, 0,51-2,19) en IIn, que cuando la intervención era nula, siendo 5,58 meses (IC, l,46-3,53) con SSNV y 10,5 meses (IC, 8,45-12,54) con SSV (p = 0,000). Conclusiones. Importante papel del MF en el diagnóstico del cáncer disminuyendo su intervención activa el intervalo consulta-diagnóstico (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Physicians, Family , Physician's Role , Sex Factors , Retrospective Studies , Colorectal Neoplasms , Neoplasms , Prostatic Neoplasms , Breast Neoplasms , Lung Neoplasms
16.
Aten Primaria ; 25(4): 253-7, 2000 Mar 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10795440

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the pathology diagnosed on the basis of the gastroscopies requested from a primary care centre (PCC). Assessment and treatment of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. DESIGN: Retrospective and descriptive. SETTING: Urban PCC. PATIENTS: Those over 14 who had a gastroscopy for a diagnostic purpose, requested by their primary care doctor during 1997. MEASUREMENTS: Review of clinical records and gastroscopy reports analysing: personal data, reasons for request, prior treatment, diagnoses, treatment to eradicate HP, later referral to the digestion specialist and waiting-time for the gastroscopy. RESULTS: 206 gastroscopies were performed, 139 for epigastralgia (67%) and 73 for heartburn (35%). 161 patients (78%) had had previous treatment, with alkalines used in 94 cases (45%). The most common diagnoses were: 54 normal (26%), 60 hiatus hernias (30%), 43 oesophagitis (21%), 18 duodenal ulcers (9%) and 4 gastric ulcers (2%). The Helicobacter pylori study was positive in 67 cases, with triple treatment (amoxycillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole) to eradicate it given for 7 days in 36 cases (54%). Referral to the specialist of 3% of the patients. Waiting-time for the performance of the gastroscopy: 60 days (SD: 35). CONCLUSIONS: Gastroscopy is a diagnostic method habitually used in our PCC. The pathology diagnosed is mainly treated in primary care. Given the current controversy about actions at determined clinical entities, standardisation of criteria used by professionals at different care levels is very important. This standardisation should affect the indications of the examinations, and the treatment and follow-up of the pathologies. The reduction in waiting-time for a gastroscopy could possibly modify the prescription and duration of the prior treatment.


Subject(s)
Gastroscopy , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , Helicobacter pylori , Amoxicillin/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Ulcer Agents/administration & dosage , Clarithromycin/administration & dosage , Diagnosis, Differential , Drug Therapy, Combination , Duodenal Ulcer/diagnosis , Esophagitis/diagnosis , Female , Heartburn/diagnosis , Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Omeprazole/administration & dosage , Penicillins/administration & dosage , Primary Health Care , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Ulcer/diagnosis
17.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 25(7): 489-492, abr. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-4094

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Evaluar la evolución del consumo de alcohol en pacientes bebedores crónicos tras la intervención antialcohólica efectuada en atención primaria durante 2 años. Diseño. Estudio prospectivo longitudinal de intervención. Emplazamiento. Centro de atención primaria urbano. Pacientes. Varones de 20-60 años de edad consumidores de 100 o más gramos de alcohol al día durante, como mínimo, los dos últimos años. Mediciones y resultados principales. Se realizó desintoxicación (ambulatoria u hospitalaria según el grado de dependencia) y deshabituación que consistía en apoyo psicológico (técnicas de consejo breve, entrevista breve motivacional) y/o derivación al centro de atención y seguimiento (CAS) para psicoterapia individual y/o grupal. Se programaron un mínimo de 8 visitas y se valoró el grado de consumo en g/día al inicio y a los 1 (m1), 3 (m3), 6 (m6), 12 (m12), 18 (m18) y 24 meses (m24). Responden a la citación 64/129 (49,5 por ciento). Visitas control: no seguimiento (0 visitas), 6 pacientes (9 por ciento), y seguimiento excelente (>= 9 visitas), 21 pacientes (33 por ciento). Intervención. Tratamiento psicoterápico: apoyo psicológico, 55 pacientes (86 por ciento); derivación al CAS, 4 (6 por ciento); psicoterapia de grupo, 2 (3 por ciento), y no tratamiento, 6 (9 por ciento). Datos de consumo: medias de consumo: inicio, 131 g/día (DE, 52); m12, 31 (DE, 41), y m24, 38 (DE, 42). Porcentaje medio de reducción del consumo a los 24 meses según el seguimiento: insuficiente, -19 por ciento; aceptable, -71,1 por ciento, y excelente, -83,9 por ciento (p = 0,001). Conclusiones. Baja respuesta a la citación. Evolución en el consumo de alcohol similar a la descrita en otros estudios. Clara relación entre el número de visitas y el consumo al final del estudio. Dados los resultados positivos, nos parece fundamental la intervención antialcohólica desde atención primaria (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Male , Humans , Clinical Trial , Prospective Studies , Alcoholism
18.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 25(4): 253-257, mar. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-4376

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Analizar la patología diagnosticada a partir de las gastroscopias (GC) solicitadas desde un centro de atención primaria (CAP). Valoración y tratamiento de la infección por Helicobacter pylori (HP). Diseño. Descriptivo, retrospectivo. Emplazamiento. CAP urbano. Pacientes. Mayores de 14 años a quienes se realizó una GC con finalidad diagnóstica, solicitada por su médico de atención primaria (AP), durante 1997. Mediciones. Revisión de historias clínicas y de informes de las GC analizando: datos de filiación, motivo de solicitud, tratamiento previo, diagnósticos, tratamiento erradicador de HP, derivación posterior al digestólogo y tiempo de espera para la realización de la GC. Resultados. Realización de 206 GC principalmente por epigastralgia en 139 pacientes (67 por ciento) y pirosis en 73 (35 por ciento). Tratamiento previo en 161 pacientes (78 por ciento) utilizándose los alcalinos en 94 casos (45 por ciento). Diagnósticos más frecuentes: 54 normales (26 por ciento), 60 hernias de hiato (30 por ciento), 43 esofagitis (21 por ciento), 18 úlceras duodenales (9 por ciento) y 4 gástricas (2 por ciento). Estudio de HP positivo en 67 casos, realizándose tratamiento erradicador triple (amoxicilina, claritromicina y omeprazol) durante 7 días en 36 de ellos (54 por ciento). Derivación al especialista del 3 por ciento de los pacientes. Tiempo de espera para la realización de la GC: 60 días (DE, 35). Conclusiones. La GC es un método diagnóstico de uso habitual en nuestro CAP y la patología diagnosticada es asumida mayoritariamente desde el ámbito de la AP. Dada la controversia existente de actuación en determinadas entidades clínicas, es muy importante la estandarización de criterios de los profesionales de los distintos niveles asistenciales en las indicaciones de las exploraciones, así como en el tratamiento y seguimiento de las patologías. La reducción de la espera para la realización de la GC posiblemente podría modificar la prescripción y duración del tratamiento previo (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Helicobacter pylori , Gastroscopy , Helicobacter Infections , Clarithromycin , Penicillins , Omeprazole , Primary Health Care , Retrospective Studies , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Ulcer Agents , Diagnosis, Differential , Drug Therapy, Combination , Amoxicillin , Hernia, Diaphragmatic , Esophagitis , Heartburn , Helicobacter Infections , Stomach Ulcer , Duodenal Ulcer
19.
Aten Primaria ; 13(3): 126-9, 1994 Feb 28.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8167248

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of renal affectation in a group of patients diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus (DM) type II and high arterial blood pressure (HABP), related to the control of arterial blood pressure (ABP) and the type of hypotensor treatment utilised. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Terrassa Nord Primary Care Centre. PATIENTS: Sample of 54 patients with DM type II and HABP. MEASUREMENTS AND SPECIAL RESULTS: The renal study comprised the determination of levels of microalbuminuria, proteinuria and plasmatic creatinine. The microalbuminuria was in excess of 30 micrograms/minute in 12 cases (22%), six of whom had proteinuria in excess of 0.5 g/24 h (11%). Two patients had kidney failure (3.7%). The hypotensors most used were the diuretics (45%) and inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (IACE) (40%). The microalbuminuria level of patients with a good control of diastolic ABP (arterial blood pressure) was lower than those with poor control (p = 0.02), while there was no difference between the type of hypotensor treatment used. CONCLUSIONS: We would stress the importance of detection of diabetes patients with preclinical renal injury in Primary Health Care, to be able to apply measures that will modify the development of nephropathy, specifically, with good control of ABP.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology , Hypertension/complications , Aged , Albuminuria , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Hypertension/drug therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Proteinuria
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