ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We assessed perinatal morbidity and mortality of prolonged pregnancies (> or = 294 days) compared with those of term gestations. We also evaluated the impact of induction of labor compared with spontaneous onset of labor. STUDY DESIGN: This observational study included consecutive cases treated at Chicago Lying-In Hospital from July 1980 to December 1984. Complications, presence of meconium, indications for cesarean section, mode of delivery, perinatal morbidity (and mortality), meconium aspiration, and duration of labor were compared with those in the total hospital population, in infants weighing > or = 2500 gm, and within prolonged gestation groups; spontaneous onset and induced ("active management") labors were also compared. The chi 2 analysis was used. RESULTS: Of 12,930 deliveries there were 707 prolonged gestations (5.5%) and 10,698 with infants > or = 2500 gm. Among the prolonged gestations 67% were in multiparous women and 33% in primiparous women. Labor started spontaneously in 62%, and 38% underwent induction; the overall cesarean section rate was 17% with similar indications in both spontaneous onset and induction groups. Meconium was present in 34%; it was present in 23% of inductions, which is fewer (p < 0.01) than among those with spontaneous onset of labor (40%). Also there were fewer depressed neonates at 5 minutes (p = 0.03) among inductions. Meconium aspiration was seen in 24, with nine deaths. The perinatal mortality was 14 per 1000 (corrected 12.7/1000), significantly more than in the general population. Among those with spontaneous onset of labor it was 20.5 per 1000; there were no deaths among inductions. Postpartum maternal morbidity was 16% among cesarean sections and 4% among vaginal deliveries. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged gestation has a high perinatal morbidity and mortality rate. All perinatal deaths were observed among patients whose labor started spontaneously. "Active management" (induction at 42 weeks) did increase the primary cesarean section rate compared with that of the general obstetric population; it did not do so among prolonged gestations and prevented perinatal deaths in this group. From this experience an active approach seems justified.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy, Prolonged , Cesarean Section , Female , Humans , Infant Mortality , Infant, Newborn , Labor, Induced , Labor, Obstetric , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome , Reference Values , Time FactorsABSTRACT
La enfermedad de membrana hialina es todavia la mayor causa de muerte de los recien nacidos de pretermino. Las pruebas sobre liquido amniotico presentan diversos inconvenientes entre los cuales el mas trascendente es la alta incidencia de resultados falsos negativos, que determinan a menudo la innecesaria postergacion del nacimiento, y por otra parte la injustificada administracion de corticoides.Un mejor conocimiento de la composicion del surfactante llevo a prestar atencion sobre el fosfatidil-glicerol (FG), cuya determinacion es cualitativa y no es afectada por la contaminacion con sangre, meconio o secreciones vaginales.Se estudiaron 55 moestras provenientes de 43 pacientes; 15 de ellas presentaron rotura prematura de las membranas, y las restantes 28 se hallaban complicadas por diversos riesgos que justificaron conocer la condicion del pulmon fetal. Se empleo la tecnica de cromatografia monodimensional en capa fina. En los casos con rotura prematura de membranas, la presencia de FG tuvo un valor predictivo del 100 acerca de la no ocurrencia de EMH, en el otro lote se efectuo previamente la prueba de Clements; cuando los resultados fueron negativos o dudosos, se busco FG, y si se los hallo presente el valor predictivo acerca de la no ocurrencia de EMH alcanzo al 90 porciento. Se requiere seguir trabajando para ampliar la casuistica y reforzar estas primeras conclusiones
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Hyaline Membrane Disease , Phosphatidylglycerols , Fetal Organ Maturity , Lung , Amniotic FluidABSTRACT
La enfermedad de membrana hialina es todavia la mayor causa de muerte de los recien nacidos de pretermino. Las pruebas sobre liquido amniotico presentan diversos inconvenientes entre los cuales el mas trascendente es la alta incidencia de resultados falsos negativos, que determinan a menudo la innecesaria postergacion del nacimiento, y por otra parte la injustificada administracion de corticoides.Un mejor conocimiento de la composicion del surfactante llevo a prestar atencion sobre el fosfatidil-glicerol (FG), cuya determinacion es cualitativa y no es afectada por la contaminacion con sangre, meconio o secreciones vaginales.Se estudiaron 55 moestras provenientes de 43 pacientes; 15 de ellas presentaron rotura prematura de las membranas, y las restantes 28 se hallaban complicadas por diversos riesgos que justificaron conocer la condicion del pulmon fetal. Se empleo la tecnica de cromatografia monodimensional en capa fina. En los casos con rotura prematura de membranas, la presencia de FG tuvo un valor predictivo del 100 acerca de la no ocurrencia de EMH, en el otro lote se efectuo previamente la prueba de Clements; cuando los resultados fueron negativos o dudosos, se busco FG, y si se los hallo presente el valor predictivo acerca de la no ocurrencia de EMH alcanzo al 90 porciento. Se requiere seguir trabajando para ampliar la casuistica y reforzar estas primeras conclusiones
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Fetal Organ Maturity , Hyaline Membrane Disease , Lung , Phosphatidylglycerols , Amniotic FluidSubject(s)
Bacterial Infections/complications , Infertility, Female/etiology , Adult , Female , Humans , PregnancyABSTRACT
Creatinine concentration in the amniotic fluid (A.F.) of pre-eclamptic patients without treatment with furosemide was compared to the values obtained in normal pregnant women at the same stage of gestation. These values increased significantly when a diuretic treatment was started; no correlation was found with either maternal serum level or the A.F. volume. Furosemide treatment had no significant effect on A.F. volume in the pre-eclamptic group.
