14-Week exercise training modifies the DNA methylation levels at gene sites in non-Alzheimer's disease women aged 50 to 70 years.

Exercise training emerges as a key strategy in lifestyle modification, capable of reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to risk factors such as age, family history, genetics and low level of education associated with AD. We aim to analyze the effect of a 14-week combined exercise training (CT) on the methylation of genes associated with AD in non-alzheimer's disease women. CT sessions lasted 60 min, occurring three times a week for 14 weeks. Forty non-Alzheimer's disease women aged 50 to 70 years (60.7 ± 4.1 years) with a mean height of 1.6 ± 0.1 m, mean weight of 73.12 ± 9.0 kg and a mean body mass index of 29.69 ± 3.5 kg/m2, underwent two physical assessments: pre and post the 14 weeks. DNA methylation assays utilized the EPIC Infinium Methylation BeadChip from Illumina. We observed that 14 weeks of CT led to reductions in systolic (p = 0.001) and diastolic (p = 0.017) blood pressure and improved motor skills post-intervention. Among 25 genes linked to AD, CT induced differentially methylated sites in 12 genes, predominantly showing hypomethylated sites (negative ß values). Interestingly, despite hypomethylated sites, some genes exhibited hypermethylated sites (positive ß values), such as ABCA7, BDNF, and WWOX. A 14-week CT regimen was adequate to induce differential methylation in 12 CE-related genes in healthy older women, alongside improvements in motor skills and blood pressure. In conclusion, this study suggest that combined training can be a strategy to improve physical fitness in older individuals, especially able to induce methylation alterations in genes sites related to development of AD. It is important to highlight that training should act as protective factor in older adults.

Older postmenopausal women with lower lean mass have hypermethylated sites in the PI3K-Akt pathway.

Introduction: The decrease in lean mass is directly related to the loss of independence, muscle strength, and worse quality of life over the years. Although the genetic determinants of muscle mass were well recognized, recent literature has been uncovering new epigenetic factors affecting the state of muscular tissue. This study aimed to verify differences in the DNA methylation profile among Brazilian postmenopausal women aged 50-70 years according to the lean mass evaluation. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprised 40 women aged 50-70 years. After K-means cluster analysis the 40 participants were divided into two groups, the Lower Lean Mass group with 20 participants (61.1 ± 4.6 years) and the Higher Lean Mass group with 20 participants (60.7 ± 3.2 years). Lean mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray emission densitometry (DEXA). The participants' DNA was extracted using the Salting Out technique and subsequently, the Illumina 850k EPIC Infinium Methylation BeadChip was performed to obtain methylation data. Results: We obtained 1,913 differentially methylated sites (p ≤ 0.005 of ß > 5% and ß < -5%) in a total of 979 genes between groups (p ≤ 0.005; -5% > ß > 5%). In addition, the PI3K-Akt pathway had the greatest power of significance with an FDR of 4.6 × 10-3. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a differentiation between specific sites of different genes, which have essential functions in body composition and energy metabolism, supporting future studies that aim to relate lean mass with epigenetics.

Can the Brazilian Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaires Differentiate the CYP1A2 and ADORA2A Gene Polymorphisms?-An Exploratory Study with Brazilian Athletes.

This study investigated the ability of the Brazilian Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ-BR), full and brief versions, to differentiate genetic profiles regarding the polymorphisms of the CYP1A2 (rs 762551) and ADORA2A (rs 5751876) genes in a cohort of Brazilian athletes. One-hundred and fifty participants were genotyped for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A. After the recruitment and selection phase, 71 (90% male and 10% female, regular caffeine consumers) completed the CaffEQ-BR questionnaires and a self-report online questionnaire concerning sociodemographic data, general health status, and frequency of caffeine consumption. The order of completion of the CaffEQ-BR questionnaires was counterbalanced. The concordance between the full and brief versions of the CaffEQ-BR was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). To determine the discriminatory capacity of the questionnaires for genotype, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied for sensitivity and specificity (significance level of 5%). Mean caffeine intake was 244 ± 161 mg·day−1. The frequency of AA genotypes for CYP1A2 was 47.9% (n = 34) and 52.1% (n = 37) for C-allele carriers (AC and CC). The frequencies of TT genotypes for ADORA2A were 22.7% (n = 15) and 77.3% (n = 51) for C-allele carriers (TC and CC). All CaffEQ-BR factors, for the full and brief versions, were ICCs > 0.75, except for factor 6 (anxiety/negative effects; ICC = 0.60), and presented ROC curve values from 0.464 to 0.624 and 0.443 to 0.575 for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A. Overall, the CaffEQ-BR (full and brief versions) did not show discriminatory capacity for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A gene polymorphisms. In conclusion, the CaffEQ-BR was not able to differentiate genotypes for the CYP1A2 or ADORA2A genes in this group of Brazilian athletes.

Corrigendum: Novel Zinc-Related Differentially Methylated Regions in Leukocytes of Women With and Without Obesity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.785281.].

Novel Zinc-Related Differentially Methylated Regions in Leukocytes of Women With and Without Obesity.

Introduction: Nutriepigenetic markers are predictive responses associated with changes in "surrounding" environmental conditions of humans, which may influence metabolic diseases. Although rich in calories, Western diets could be linked with the deficiency of micronutrients, resulting in the downstream of epigenetic and metabolic effects and consequently in obesity. Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient associated with distinct biological roles in human health. Despite the importance of Zn in metabolic processes, little is known about the relationship between Zn and epigenetic. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the epigenetic variables associated with Zn daily ingestion (ZnDI) and serum Zinc (ZnS) levels in women with and without obesity. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control, non-randomized, single-center study conducted with 21 women allocated into two groups: control group (CG), composed of 11 women without obesity, and study group (SG), composed of 10 women with obesity. Anthropometric measurements, ZnDI, and ZnS levels were evaluated. Also, leukocyte DNA was extracted for DNA methylation analysis using 450 k Illumina BeadChips. The epigenetic clock was calculated by Horvath method. The chip analysis methylation pipeline (ChAMP) package selected the differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Results: The SG had lower ZnS levels than the CG. Moreover, in SG, the ZnS levels were negatively associated with the epigenetic age acceleration. The DMR analysis revealed 37 DMRs associated with ZnDI and ZnS levels. The DMR of PM20D1 gene was commonly associated with ZnDI and ZnS levels and was hypomethylated in the SG. Conclusion: Our findings provide new information on Zn's modulation of DNA methylation patterns and bring new perspectives for understanding the nutriepigenetic mechanisms in obesity.

DRD2 and BDNF polymorphisms are associated with binge eating disorder in patients with weight regain after bariatric surgery.

AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the association and susceptibility of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DRD2 and BDNF genes with BED in patients with weight regain in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-seven individuals who underwent bariatric surgery with weight regain were evaluated and divided into two groups according to the BED diagnostic. The individuals were submitted to an anthropometric evaluation, analysis of the presence of BED using a validated questionnaire, and blood collection for genotyping of the polymorphisms rs6265 (BDNF) and rs1800497 (DRD2) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The presence of wild-type alleles for rs1800497 (CC) and rs6265 (GG) was more frequent in patients without BED. Nevertheless, the presence of one or two variant alleles for rs1800497 (CT + TT) and rs6265 (GA + AA) was more frequent in patients with BED. The combination of the two studied SNPs prevailed in patients with BED. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of allele frequency of rs1800497 SNP in the DRD2 gene and rs6265 SNP in the BDNF gene, isolated and/or combined, indicated an additional risk for the development of BED in patients with obesity, especially in the context of weight regain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III (evidence obtained from the case-control analytic study).

Bone loss in hepatitis B virus-infected patients can be associated with greater osteoclastic activity independently of the retroviral use.

Nucleoside/nucleotide analogs such as tenofovir, have been used as long-term therapy for the treatment of hepatitis B and side effects such as the reduction in bone mineral density have been associated with their use. To determine the relationships between bone, hormonal, biochemical, and mineral parameters in patients with hepatitis B treated with nucleoside/nucleotide antiviral. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 81 adult patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed to assess bone mineral density. Biochemical analyses were performed for osteocalcin, deoxypyridinoline, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, IGF-1, TSH, testosterone, estradiol, FSH, transaminases, urea, creatinine, calcium, serum and urinary phosphorus, magnesium, and FGF-23, body composition was performed by DXA. Participants, both gender, were divided according to the use of antiretrovirals: Group1: 27 inactive virus carriers without medication; Group2: 27 patients using tenofovir; and Group3: 27 patients using lamivudine or entecavir. DXA readings diagnosed osteopenia in the lumbar spine for 7.4% of individuals in Group1, 15% in Group2, and 3.7% in Group3. For all groups, we observed normal values in bone formation markers, osteocalcin levels as well as parathyroid hormone, insulin growth factor 1, and FGF-23. In all groups, we found increased levels of urinary deoxypyridinoline, a bone resorption marker. Increased levels in the bone resorption markers indicated a high resorptive activity of bone tissue. These data suggested high resorption activity of bone tissue in hepatitis B virus-infected patients independent of the use of antiretrovirals.

Association between creatine kinase activity, oxidative stress and selenoproteins mRNA expression changes after Brazil nut consumption of patients using statins.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although the mechanisms by which statins promote muscle disorders remain unclear, supplementation with dietary antioxidants may mitigate statins' side effects. This study aimed to investigate whether the consumption of Brazil nuts modulates serum creatine kinase (CK) activity in patients regularly using statins. METHODS: The study was performed in the Ribeirão Preto Medical School University Hospital. Thirty-two patients in regular use of statins were divided according to CK activity levels (G1: increased or G2: normal) and received one unit of Brazil nut daily for 3 months. Body composition, blood selenium (Se) concentrations, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, oxidative stress parameters, and CK activity were evaluated before and after supplementation. RESULTS: In both groups, supplementation with one Brazil nut daily for 3 months contributed to achieve decreased levels of CK activity in serum, with positive changes in plasma and erythrocyte Se concentrations (p < 0.0001), and increased levels of GPX activity. Among the parameters related to curbing of oxidative stress, we observed reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in both groups after supplementation. We also found a moderately negative association between CK and GPX activity (r = -41; p < 0.02). Expression of selenoproteins GPX1, SELENOP, and SELENON after Brazil nut supplementation was unchanged. CONCLUSION: Brazil nut consumption enhanced the control of CK activity by improving oxidative stress biomarkers in patients using statins but did not modulate mRNA expression of selenoproteins.

Conscientização de manipuladores para a correta higienização de mãos e utensílios em uma UAN do município de Botucatu, SP / The handlers for proper sanitizing of utensils in the city UAN Botucatu, SP

Hábitos inadequados dos manipuladores e utensílios e equipamentos contaminados, utilizados no preparo das refeições, comprometem a inocuidade dos alimentos, podendo causar doenças de origem alimentar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar a frequência de higienização de mãos e utensílios a fim de conscientizar os colaboradores de uma Unidade Produtora de Refeições sobre a importância desses procedimentos, garantindo a qualidade e segurança dos alimentos. A metodologia consistiu na execução de um cronograma de atividades sobre Higienização de Mãos e Utensílios, durante cinco terças-feiras, no período da manhã e tarde, com aulas expositivas e utilização de material didático. Como conclusão, verificou-se que ações educativas em que o manipulador é participante, atitudes de incentivo, controle de comportamento (através da anotação de quem higieniza as mãos) e a percepção do valor desse procedimento atribuído pelos superiores, podem ser associados à criação do hábito de higienizar as mãos, o que é de extrema importância para unidades produtoras de refeições. (AU)

Poor habits of food handlers and committed equipment and utensils used in the preparation of meals, compromise food safety, may cause foodborne illness. The objective of this study was to observe the frequency of washing hands and utensils in order to educate employees of Food Service Unit about the importance of these procedures and thus, ensure the quality and food safety in this local. The methodology consisted in execution of a schedule of activities about hygiene hands and utensils, for five Tuesdays, in the morning and afternoon, with expositive classes and teaching materials. ln conclusion, it was observed that educational activities in which the employees is participating, encourage attitudes, behavior control and perception of the value of this procedure assigned by superiors, may be associated with the creation of habit of hand hygiene, which is extremely important for food production units. (AU)

Percepção dos profissionais de um Centro de Saúde Escola referente à atuação na área de Nutrição / Professionals? perception at a School-based Health Center (SBHC) regarding nutritional assistance

In this study, we aimed to identify the perception of professionals workingat a School-based Health Center (SBHC) regarding nutritional assistance.The methodological approach was qualitative. Semi-structured interviews with open questions and audio recordings were carried out with participants' consent. Professionals who are directly or indirectlyinvolved in the nutrition were interviewed. Analysis of the given statements consisted in identifying recurring speech cores, seekingclarification of content and ensuring the understanding of the professionals' perceptions. In the group of 17 respondents, aged 24 to 63, 70.6% were women. One of the identified core themes was the multidisciplinary team. It presents positive aspects because it allows the contact between different professional health areas. Regarding the negative aspects, the small number of nutritionists in the service should be highlighted. Another identified core was the need for works that transcend the service, to complement and reinforce information on food. Furthermore, health education makes a difference to nutrition and other areas as well. In this sense, proposal of new areas and strategies beyond the boundaries of the School-based Health Center would allow to reach a greater number of people and increase knowledge in the nutritional and consequently individual autonomy.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la percepción de los profisionales de un Centro de Salud Escolar con relación a su atuaciónen el área de nutrición. La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, con preguntas abiertas y grabadas en audio, a los profesionales que actúan directa o indirectamente con cuestiones relativas al área de nutrición. Se analizaron los testimoniosde los testimonios de los sujetos identificando núcleos recurrentes en sus discursos, buscando explicitar los contenidos, garantizando la comprensión de sus percepciones. De los 17 profesionales entrevistados, el 70,6% fueron mujeres de entre 24 y 63 años. Uno de los núcleos temáticos identificados fue el trabajo en equipo multidisciplinario, que presentó aspectos positivos porque permite el contacto entre las diferentes áreas profesionales de la salud. Entre los aspectos negativos, algunos resaltaron el reducido número de nutricionistas en servicio. La Educación en Salud fue destacada como un aspecto diferencial para todas las áreas de actuación, pero sobre todo para la nutrición. En este sentido, las propuestas de nuevos espacios y estrategias que trascendieran el servicio permitirían alcanzar un mayor número de personas, ampliando el conocimiento general en el área de nutrición y, en consecuencia, la autonomía individual.

O presente trabalho objetivou identificar a percepção dos profissionais de um Centro de Saúde Escola referente à atuação na área de Nutrição. A metodologia desenvolvida foi qualitativa mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas, com perguntas abertas e audiogravadas dos profissionais que atuam direta ou indiretamente com questões relacionadas à área de Nutrição. A análise das falas dos sujeitos foi realizada por meio da identificação de núcleos recorrentes nos discursos, buscando a explicitação dos conteúdos, garantindo a compreensão da percepção dos profissionais. No grupo de 17 profissionais entrevistados, 70,6% foram mulheres, com faixa etária entre 24 e 63 anos. Um dos núcleos temáticos identificados foi o trabalho em equipe multidisciplinar, que apresenta aspectos positivos, porque permite o contato com as diferentes áreas profissionais da saúde. Em relação aos aspectos negativos, alguns ressaltaram o número reduzido de Nutricionistas no serviço. A educação em saúde é destacada como um diferencial para todas as áreas de atuação, sobretudo para a Nutrição. Nesse sentido, propostas de novos espaços e estratégias que transcendessem o serviço possibilitariam atingir um maior número de pessoas, ampliando-se o conhecimento geral na área de Nutrição e, consequentemente, a autonomia individual.