Susceptibility of human lymphoid tissue cultured ex vivo to xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) infection.

BACKGROUND: Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) was generated after a recombination event between two endogenous murine leukemia viruses during the production of a prostate cancer cell line. Although the associations of the XMRV infection with human diseases appear unlikely, the XMRV is a retrovirus of undefined pathogenic potential, able to replicate in human cells in vitro. Since recent studies using animal models for infection have yielded conflicting results, we set out an ex vivo model for XMRV infection of human tonsillar tissue to determine whether XMRV produced by 22Rv1 cells is able to replicate in human lymphoid organs. Tonsil blocks were infected and infection kinetics and its pathogenic effects were monitored RESULTS: XMRV, though restricted by APOBEC, enters and integrates into the tissue cells. The infection did not result in changes of T or B-cells, immune activation, nor inflammatory chemokines. Infectious viruses could be recovered from supernatants of infected tonsils by reinfecting DERSE XMRV indicator cell line, although these supernatants could not establish a new infection in fresh tonsil culture, indicating that in our model, the viral replication is controlled by innate antiviral restriction factors. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the replication-competent retrovirus XMRV, present in a high number of laboratories, is able to infect human lymphoid tissue and produce infectious viruses, even though they were unable to establish a new infection in fresh tonsillar tissue. Hereby, laboratories working with cell lines producing XMRV should have knowledge and understanding of the potential biological biohazardous risks of this virus.

Comorbilidades de los trastornos respiratorios del sueño en los niños / Comorbidities of sleep-disordered breathing in children

Los trastornos respiratorios del sueño en los niños, y especialmente el síndrome de apnea-hipopnea infantil, se asocian a un ramillete de comorbilidades de entre las que destacan las cognitivoconductuales, las metabólicas y de crecimiento, así como las cardiovasculares. Los 2 factores más importantes que contribuyen a su fisiopatología son la hipoxia intermitente y la fragmentación del sueño, que parecen ser las responsables de la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica que acabará produciendo el daño multistémico mencionado(AU)

Sleep-related respiratory disorders in children, especially childhood sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, are associated with a wide range of comorbidities affecting the central nervous system, cardiovascular and metabolic systems, and growth. The two most important factors contributing to the physiopathology of this disorder are intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, which seem to cause the systemic inflammatory response resulting in these end-organ consequences(AU)

[Comorbidities of sleep-disordered breathing in children]. / Comorbilidades de los trastornos respiratorios del sueño en los niños.

Sleep-related respiratory disorders in children, especially childhood sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, are associated with a wide range of comorbidities affecting the central nervous system, cardiovascular and metabolic systems, and growth. The two most important factors contributing to the physiopathology of this disorder are intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, which seem to cause the systemic inflammatory response resulting in these end-organ consequences.

Nen de 3 anys amb cefalea intensa en el context d'otomastoïditis / No disponible

No disponible

[Etiology of acute otitis media in a children's hospital and antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria involved]. / Etiología de la otitis media aguda en un hospital pediátrico y sensibilidad a los antibióticos de los microorganismos implicados.

BACKGROUND: This study provides an update on the bacterial etiology of acute otitis media in our area, the antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria implicated in this condition, and the prevalence of circulating Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes. METHODS: Results from a total of 240 samples obtained by diagnostic tympanocentesis and 167 samples of spontaneous otorrhea processed between 1999 and 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients studied was 17 months and the median was 13 months (range: 1 month-7 years). Among the tympanocentesis samples, S. pneumoniae was recovered from 67 (27.9%), Haemophilus influenzae from 60 (25%), both S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae from 3 (1.3%) and Moraxella catarrhalis from 6 (2.5%). Among the spontaneous otorrhea samples, S. pneumoniae was recovered from 15 (9%), H. influenzae from 25 (15%) and both S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae from 1 (0.6%). The remaining samples showed either no growth or recovery of colonizing flora. The main findings were as follows: 49.3% of S. pneumoniae strains showed intermediate sensitivity to penicillin (MIC: 0.12-1 microg/ml), 16.9% were resistant to penicillin (MIC: > or = 2 microg/ml) and 54% were resistant to macrolides; 24,7% of H. influenzae and 100% of M. catarrhalis strains were beta-lactamase producers; and 64 (84.2%) of 76 S. pneumoniae serotyped strains belonged to pneumococcal heptavalent vaccine serotypes. CONCLUSIONS: S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were the main causal agents of acute otitis media. Antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria involved showed the same characteristics as the general pattern in our country. Spontaneous otorrhea culture was not a useful method for establishing the etiology of acute otitis media. Knowledge of the distribution of S. pneumoniae serotypes is essential for assessing epidemiological changes resulting from the use of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine.