Analysis of the relationship between starch molecular conformation and enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency.

Resistant starch (RS) is important in controlling diabetes. The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of molecular conformation on the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of starch by α-amylase. And the interactions between starch molecules with different conformations and α-amylase were analysed by using molecule dynamics simulation and molecular docking. It was found, the natural conformational starch molecule was hydrolysed from the middle of the starch chain by α-amylase, producing polysaccharides. The bent PS-conformational starch molecules with multiple O2-O3 intramolecular hydrogen bonds produced by high-pressure was hydrolysed from the head of the starch chain to produce glucose, which is not conducive to RS formation. The stretched H-conformation without intramolecular hydrogen bonds produced by heat treatment was not hydrolysed by α-amylase. However, it occupied the active groove and formed strong interactions with α-amylase, which prevented other starch molecules from binding to α-amylase, thus reducing hydrolysis efficiency. Moreover, the total interaction energies between the three starch molecules and α-amylase were approximately 78 kJ/mol. And several hydrogen bonds were formed between the starch molecules and α-amylase, which provides evidence for the continuous sliding hydrolysis hypothesis of α-amylase. Moreover, these results provide an important reference for elucidating the mechanism of RS formation.

The effect rules of MgCl2 and NaCl on the properties of potato starch: The inflection point phenomenon.

The effects of MgCl2 and NaCl concentrations on potato starch were analysed. With an increase in MgCl2 and NaCl concentrations from 0 to 4 mol/L, the gelatinisation properties, crystalline properties, and sedimentation rate of potato starch all showed a trend of rising first and then falling (or falling first and then rising). The inflection points of the effect trends were observed at 0.5 mol/L. This inflection point phenomenon was further analysed. At higher salt concentrations, starch granules were found to absorb external ions. These ions enhance the hydration of starch molecules and promote starch gelatinisation. When NaCl and MgCl2 concentrations were increased from 0 to 4 mol/L, the starch hydration strength increased 52.09 and 65.41 times, respectively. At lower salt concentrations, the ions that naturally exist in starch granules seep out of the granules. The exudation of these ions may cause a certain degree of damage to the native structure of starch granules.

Research progress of pubic symphysis diastasis / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To review the research progress of pubic symphysis diastasis and provide effective reference for orthopedic surgeons in the diagnosis and treatment of pubic symphysis diastasis.@*METHODS@#The anatomy, injury mechanism, treatment, and other aspects of pubic symphysis diastasis were summarized and analyzed by reviewing the relevant research literature at domestically and internationally in recent years.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of pubic symphysis diastasis is high in pelvic fractures, which is caused by the injury of the ligaments and fibrocartilage disc around the pubic symphysis by external force. The treatment plan should be individualized according to the pelvic stability and the needs of patients, aiming to restore the stability and integrity of the pelvis and improve the quality of life of patients after surgery.@*CONCLUSION@#At present, the research on pubic symphysis diastasis still needs to be improved. In the future, high-quality, multi-center, and large-sample studies are of great significance for the selection of treatment methods and the evaluation of effectiveness for patients with pubic symphysis diastasis.

Exploration of the process and mechanism of magnesium chloride induced starch gelatinization.

As a new starch gelatinization method, salt induced gelatinization can not only reduce energy consumption but also impart special physicochemical properties to starch gel. In this study, the process and mechanism of MgCl2 induced starch gelatinization were explored. The results showed that, potato starch could be gelatinized after a treatment of 4 mol/L MgCl2 for 3 h. The gelatinization started with the slight damage of outer shells, then the internal molecules leached out through the cracks or holes to form gel, finally the outer shells disintegrated. During the gelatinization process, the viscosity and granule size gradually increased after 0.5 h, while the original crystallinity disappeared rapidly in 0.5 h. Besides, MgCl2 significantly increased the electrostatic interaction, then made starch molecules closer to each other and become denser, which may have close relationship with the appearance of the cracks and the disappearance of crystallization. Moreover, MgCl2 enhanced the hydration and increased the binding free energy of starch molecules, then promoted starch gelatinization and accelerated the destruction of starch structure, which may be the critical factors of the starch gelatinization induced by MgCl2. The results will provide reference for the research and application of salt induced gelatinization.

Research progress of mild hypothermia combined with neuroprotective agents in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy / 中国小儿急救医学

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) is one of the critical diseases in neonatal ward, which can lead to neonatal death or serious neurological sequelae.Mild hypothermia treatment is currently accepted.Although it could reduce the mortality and the risk of neurological sequelae of neonates with moderate and severe HIE to a certain extent, there were still some children who died or left neurological dysfunction.Neuroprotective agents play an important role in anti-excitotoxicity, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis.This review provided the research progress of the combination of mild hypothermia and neuroprotective agents in the treatment of neonatal HIE.

Therapeutic effect of peripheral arteriovenous exchange combined with intravenous gamma globulin on neonatal hemolysis / 中国综合临床

Objective To observe the effect of peripheral arteriovenous exchange combined with intravenous gamma globulin in the treatment of neonatal hemolysis. Methods Seventy children with neonatal hemolysis admitted to the first affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from January 2013 to May 2018 and who met the indications for peripheral arteriovenous exchange were selected as the study subjects. The patients were divided into peripheral arteriovenous exchange group and ＂peripheral arteriovenous exchange+gamma globulin＂ group by random number table method,with 35 cases in each group. Baseline data of the two groups, changes of serum bilirubin before and after treatment, partial blood biochemical indicators, hospitalization time and jaundice regression time were observed. Results The levels of serum bilirubin ((241. 5±48. 1),(184. 6± 26. 3),(166. 3± 18. 5),(133. 5± 20. 8) μmol／L) in peripheral arteriovenous exchange + gamma globulin group were significantly lower than those in peripheral arteriovenous exchange group ((299. 3±32. 5),( 225. 7± 38. 9),(195. 4± 21. 1),( 173. 8± 35. 4) μmol／L) at 12,24,48 and 72 hours after treatment,the difference was significant (P＜0. 05). RBC in children in two groups after treatment was(4. 3±0. 8)×1012／L,(4. 2±1. 0)×1012／L vs. before(5. 2±1. 1)×1012／L,(6. 4±1. 3)×1012／L,Hb after treatment in both groups was (125. 8 ± 11. 2) g／L,( 124. 9 ± 10. 5) g／L vs. before ( 148. 9 ± 26. 5) g／L, (159. 3±14. 6) g／L and reticulocyte count after treatment in both groups were (7. 6±2. 1)%,(7. 3±1. 8)%vs. ( 5. 2 ± 1. 3)%, ( 3. 1 ± 0. 5)% were significantly improved, but the peripheral arteriovenous exchange+gamma globulin group was significantly better than the peripheral arteriovenous transfusion group, the difference was statistically significant ( all P＜0. 05) . The hospitalization time (10. 3±1. 9) d and jaundice regression time ( 8. 6 ± 0. 5) d in the peripheral arteriovenous exchange + gamma globulin group were significantly lower than those in the peripheral arteriovenous exchange group ((15. 5±2. 6) d,(10. 0±1. 1) d) . The difference was statistically significant ( t＝ 9. 553, 6. 855, P＜0. 05) . The children who had re-hemolytic after treatment in the peripheral arteriovenous exchange + gamma globulin group were significantly lower than the peripheral arteriovenous exchange group ( 5. 7%( 2／35) vs. 25. 7%(9／35)),the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 ＝ 5. 285, P ＝ 0. 022 ) . Conclusion Peripheral arteriovenous exchange combined with intravenous gamma globulin is effective in the treatment of neonatal hemolysis. It can significantly reduce serum bilirubin,improve blood biochemical parameters,shorten hospitalization time and jaundice regression time,and is safe and reliable.

Effect of taurine on kidney injury induced by paraquat poisoning in rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To study the effects of taurine at different doses on renal oxidative stress and inflammation induced by paraquat in rats.METHODS: Male SD rats (n=48) were randomly divided into 4 groups: negative control group, paraquat group, paraquat + low-dose taurine group, and paraquat + high-dose taurine group.The serum levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen were detected by a biochemical analyzer.The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured by colorimetry.The plasma concentrations of IL-6 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 were detected by ELISA.Renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) was checked by fluorescence probe dihydroethidium (DHE).The protein levels of renal p-P38 MAPK, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK were determined by Western blot.The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β1 was detected by real-time PCR.RESULTS: Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen increased after paraquat poisoning, and decreased after feeding with taurine in poisoned rats, with better result in high-dose taurine group.Taurine reduced the oxidative stress and inflammation in the renal tissue, and also reduced the protein levels of p-JNK, p-ERK1/2 and p-P38 in the kidney of paraquat-poisoned rats.CONCLUSION: Taurine attenuates renal injury induced by paraquat poisoning in rats.The mechanism may be related to reducing renal MAPK activity, oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

Improved induction culture system for Raw264.7 cells to differentiate into osteoclasts / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To establish a high-performance induction culture system for Raw264.7 cells to differentiate into osteoclasts(OC)invitro by improving the cell culture program.Methods The Raw264.7 cells were cultured withα-MEM medium containing 50 μg · L-1 M-CSF, 100 μg · L-1 RANKL, and 1 × 10-8 mol · L-1 1α,25-(OH)2 D3 in 5% CO2 for 12 d at 37℃. The cells were digested transiently every time before the medium was changed after every three days. The morphologic changes of the Raw264.7 cells were observed by inverted microscope.The maturation and phagotrophic function of OC were identified by HE,TRAP,FITC-phalloidin staining and immunofluorescence.Results The cells remained to grow in single layers all the time in most areas of the well during the whole induction by the improved culture program. The observation results of inverted microscope and HE staining showed that the growth area of the polykaryotic OC reached to 70% of the well on day 1 2. FITC-phalloidin staining showed that in the maturation of the OC, the cluster-shaped podosomes in the pseudopodia gradually transformed into rings,which finally fused to form a large belt surrounding the periphery of the cytoplasm. The calcitionin receptor (CTR) expressed by OC was markedly enhanced compared with the precursor cells by immunofluroescence staining,and a large number of red granules appeared in the cytoplasm of OC with TRAP staining on day 1 2. These results comfirmed that the obtained OC were maturated and owned phagotrophic function. Conclusion A high-performance induction culture system for Raw264. 7 cells to differentiate into OC in vitro induced by combination of 50μg · L-1 M-CSF, 100 μg · L-1 RANKL,and 1 × 10-8 mol·L-1 1α,25-(OH)2 D3 is established by improving the cell culture program.

Discussion on the application of 3D SPACE sequence to display normal brachial plexus / 中国医学装备

Objective: To investigate the value of enhanced 3D SPACE sequence in displaying brachial plexus. Methods:35 healthy volunteers with no history of brachial plexus injury of brachial plexus MRI examinations by DWIBS scan, and SPACE scanned. Analysis and comparison of DWIBS sequences, sequences of SPACE provides a clear display of the brachial plexus, and two sets of image sequence average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Results:A total of 35 cases 70 lateral brachial plexus after coronary DWIBS is clearly displayed on the sequence;the partial medial cord of brachial plexus, beams and lateral beams can also be displayed in the SPACE sequence. SPACE sequence of image signal-to-noise ratio and contrast noise ratio than the DWIBS sequence, and the difference is statistically significant. Conclusion:SPACE sequence can clearly show the brachial plexus, and DWIBS sequences compared to the normal image has a higher resolution of the brachial plexus.

Design and biomechanical study of polyaxial self-locking anatomical plate of distal tibia / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To evaluate biomechanical properties of self-designed polyaxial self-locking anatomical plate so as to offer scientific evidence for clinical application.Methods According to anatomic characteristics of distal tibiae of domestic people,a polyaxial self-locking anatomical plate for distal tibia was designed.Six paired ( left,right) fresh cadaver tibial specimens were used to make fracture fixation models and were divided into groups A and B,six specimens per group.Common anatomical locking plates were assembled in group A and polyaxial self-locking anatomical plates were assembled in group B.The biomechanical tests were performed by using 858 Mini Bionix testing machine.Non-destructive tests were performed in both groups,including axial loading,4-point bending and torsional loading and the stiffness of the two fixation instruments was compared.SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results Polyaxial self-locking anatomical plate was fit for the morphology of distal tibiae.The self-designed pelyaxial plate could increase angular regulation amplitude for the locking screw up to 30°.Compression stiffness was (557.53 ± 20.72) N/mm in group A and (562.80 ± 28.26 ) N/mm in group B.Four-point bending stiffness was ( 268.02 ± 36.77) N/mm in group A and ( 265.76 ± 27.21 ) N/mm in group B.Torsional stiffness was (0.28 ±0.01) Nm/deg in group A and (0.29 ±0.02) Nm/deg in group B.The three tests in two groups showed no statistical significance ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions The self-designed polyaxial self-locking anatomical plate of distal tibia is fit for the tibial morphology of domestic people.Its biomechanical properties are equivalent to those of common anatomical locking plate,which can meet the needs for clinical application.

The etiology and treatment of neonatal acute heart failure / 中国小儿急救医学

Neonatal acute heart failure is a common critical illness,and also one of the material cause of perinatal death. It is difficult for early diagnosis due to the different characteristics and clinical manifestation between neonate and older children, which leads to the difficulty of diagnosis timely and affect the condition adversely. This article introduced the common etiology, characteristics of clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal acute heart failure.

Magnetic resonance imaging of functional connectivity in Parkinson disease in the resting brain / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate functional connectivity changes in Parkinson disease in the resting brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods Nine patients with Parkinson disease and eight age-matched healthy volunteers were entered into the study.The bilateral globus pallidus were chosen as seed points, the functional MR data acquired in the resting state were processed to investigate functional connectivity in PD patients and the results were compared with those of the controls.Results In age-matched healthy controls, there are regions which had functional connectivity with bilateral globus pallidus, including bilateral temporal poles, bilateral hippocampus, bilateral thalami, posterior cingulate cortex, right middle occipital gyrus and fight superior parietal gyms.In PD patients, brain regions including bilateral cerebellum, left hippocampus, bilateral superior temporal gyri, left inferior frontal gyms, left middle frontal gyms, left precentral gyms, left inferior parietal gyrus and left superior parietal gyms, had functional connectivity with bilateral globus pallidus. Compared to healthy controls, increased functional connectivity in bilateral cerebellum, bilateral temporal lobes, left frontal lobe and left parietal lobe, and decreased functional connectivity in bilateral thalami were observed in PD patients.Conclusion Abnormal changes of brain functional connectivity exists in Parkinson's disease in the resting state.

Post-effect of acupuncture on brain functional connectivity / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To explore post-effect of acupuncturing ST36 (Zusanli) on brain functional connectivity. Methods Twelve healthy volunteers participated in this experiment. The fMRI data taken before and 25 minutes after removed acupuncturing stimulation were analyzed, while posterior cingulated cortex were chosen as seed points. Results At 25 minutes after removed acupuncturing stimulation, new increased functional connectivity were found in the left paracentral lobule, right superior parietal lobule and right postcentral gyrus. After acupuncture, there was intensity functional connectivity greater than in primary brain regions. Conclusion Post-effect of acupuncture can increase functional connectivity in healthy volunteer's brain.

Observation on brain default mode network in patients with Parkinson disease / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To investigate the characteristics of brain default mode network of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) in resting state with functional MRI. Methods Fourteen PD patients and 14 matched controls were selected and posterior cingulate cortex was regardes as region of interest. Results Compared with control group, brain default mode network of PD patients in resting state was abnormal, including decreased functional connectivity and increased functional connectivity. The brain areas with decreased functional connectivity included left inferior parietal lobule, right precuneus, medial prefrontal and left superior temporal gyrus. The brain area of increased functional connectivity included left cerebellar tonsil, left postcentral gurus, left superior parietal lobule, left precuneus, right inferior temporal gyrus, right cuneus, right lingual gyrus and left middle temporal gurus. Conclusion The brain default mode network of PD patients is abnormal in resting state.

Xinxibao for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Xinxibao as a supplementary drug in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-one cases of CBP were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 38), treated with Xinxibao combined with sensitive antibiotic, and Group B (n = 43), treated with sensitive antibiotic only. Contrast studies were made on the therapeutic effects in the two groups, and the results were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The effectivity rate was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Xinxibao can effectively relieve the symptoms of CBP.</p>

Preparation of chitosan-collagen sponge and its application in wound dressing / 生物医学工程学杂志

We have prepared a wound dressing made from chitosan and collagen. Its clinical curative effect was detected. Chitosan solution was put into purified collagen solution. Then, the solution became sponge by means of freeze drying, and it was subjected to a series of toxicology tests, including acute toxicity, stimulation test, allergic and hemolysis tests, as well as the clinical test of openning trauma in orthopedics. All of the results of toxicology tests were negative. The chitosan-collagen sponge could not only accelerate the speed of curing but also restrain the extravasate. Therefore, the chitosan-collagen sponge has good biocompatibility and clinical curative effect. It is a prospective security-biomaterial for medical use.