Toxicity attenuation processing technology and mechanism of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae stir-fried with Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction / 中国中药杂志

This study explored toxicity attenuation processing technology of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae stir-fried with Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction for the first time, and further explored its detoxification mechanism. Nine processed products of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae stir-fried with Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction were prepared by orthogonal experiment with three factors and three levels. Based on the decrease in the content of the main hepatotoxic component diosbulbin B before and after processing of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae by high-performance liquid chromatography, the toxicity attenuation technology was preliminarily screened out. On this basis, the raw and representative processed products of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae were given to mice by gavage with 2 g·kg~(-1)(equival to clinical equivalent dose) for 21 d. The serum and liver tissues were collected after the last administration for 24 h. The serum biochemical indexes reflecting liver function and liver histopathology were combined to further screen out and verify the proces-sing technology. Then, the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant indexes of liver tissue were detected by kit method, and the expressions of NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase(GCLM) in mice liver were detected by Western blot to further explore detoxification mechanism. The results showed that the processed products of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae stir-fried with Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction reduced the content of diosbulbin B and improved the liver injury induced by Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bul-biferae to varying degrees, and the processing technology of A_2B_2C_3 reduced the excessive levels of alanine transaminase(ALT) and aspartate transaminase(AST) induced by raw Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae by 50.2% and 42.4%, respectively(P<0.01, P<0.01). The processed products of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae stir-fried with Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction reversed the decrease protein expression levels of NQO1 and GCLM in the liver of mice induced by raw Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae to varying degrees(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and it also reversed the increasing level of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the decreasing levels of glutathione(GSH), glutathione peroxidase(GPX), and glutathione S-transferase(GST) in the liver of mice(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In summary, this study shows that the optimal toxicity attenuation processing technology of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae stir-fried with Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction is A_2B_2C_3, that is, 10% of Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction is used for moistening Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae and processed at 130 ℃ for 11 min. The detoxification mechanism involves enhancing the expression levels of NQO1 and GCLM antio-xidant proteins and related antioxidant enzymes in the liver.

Preliminary exploration of detoxification mechanism of processing methods on cardiotoxicity induced by radix Tripterygium wilfordii in mice via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the detoxification effects of different processing methods on the cardiotoxicity induced by radix Tripterygium wilfordii, and preliminarily explore the detoxification mechanism via the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) pathway. The raw and processed products [stir-fried product, product stir-fried with Lysimachiae Herba(JQC), product stir-fried with Phaseoli Radiati Semen(LD), product stir-fried with Paeoniae Radix Alba(BS), product stir-fried with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(GC), and product stir-fried with vinegar(CZ)] of radix T. wilfordii were administrated to mice by gavage at a dose of 2 g·kg~(-1)(based on crude drugs) for 28 days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, we measured the serum biochemical indexes of mice to evaluate the detoxification effect. Furthermore, we determined the expression of key proteins of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in mouse heart tissue by Western blot and some oxidation/antioxidation-related indexes by corresponding kits to explore the detoxification mechanism. The administration of the raw product elevated the levels of serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and malondialdehyde, a product of cardiac lipid peroxidation(P<0.01), down-regulated the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1(P<0.01), and reduced the levels of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase(P<0.01). However, after the administration of the products stir-fried with JQC, LD, BS, GC, and CZ, the abnormalities of the above indexes induced by the raw product were recovered(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In particular, the product stir-fried with JQC showed the best performance. Taken all together, the cardiotoxicity induced by radix T. wilfordii could be attenuated by stir-frying with JQC, LD, BS, GC, and CZ, and the stir-frying with JQC showed the best detoxification effect. The mechanism might be associated with the cardiac antioxidant defense and oxidative damage mitigation mediated by the up-regulated Nrf2.

Bladder cancer cell­secreted exosomal miR­21 activates the PI3K/AKT pathway in macrophages to promote cancer progression.

Tumour­associated macrophages (TAMs) compose a major component of the tumour microenvironment and form in this microenvironment prior to cancer metastasis. However, the detailed mechanisms of TAM remodelling in the context of bladder cancer have not been clearly defined. The present study collected exosomes from the conditioned medium of human bladder T24 cancer cells. The effects of macrophages treated with exosomes derived from T24 cells on bladder cancer cell migration and invasion were analysed by Transwell assays. The expression levels of endogenous and exosomal microRNA­21 (miR­21) were examined by reverse transcription­quantitative PCR, while the expression level of the target protein was analysed by western blot analysis. Luciferase reporter plasmids and mutants were used to confirm direct targeting. The effects of miR­21 on bladder cancer cell migration and invasion were analysed by Transwell and Matrigel assays following miR­21 transfection. It was identified that exosomes derived from bladder cancer cells polarized THP­1 cell­derived macrophages into the M2 phenotype, and TAM­mediated pro­migratory and pro­invasive activity was determined. Moreover, it was found that miR­21 was highly expressed in exosomes derived from bladder cancer cells as well as in macrophages treated with exosomes. In addition, macrophages transfected with miR­21 exhibited M2 polarization and promoted T24 cell migratory and invasive ability. Mechanistically, exosomal miR­21 derived from bladder cancer cells inhibited phosphatase and tensin homolog activation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in macrophages and enhanced STAT3 expression to promote M2 phenotypic polarization. The present results suggest that exosomal miR­21 can promote cancer progression by polarizing TAMs.

Expression characteristics of neutrophil and mononuclear-phagocyte related genes mRNA in the stable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction stages of coronary artery disease / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

Objective To investigate expression differences of neutrophil and mononuclear phagocyte related gene mRNAs among acute myocar-dial infarction (AMI), stable angina (SA) and control groups, and then discuss their expression characteristics in the stable angina pectoris (SAP) and AMI stages of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarrays were applied to assess the differential expression characteristics of neutrophil and mononuclear phagocyte related mRNAs in patients with AMI (n=20), SA (n=20) and controls (n=20). Results (1) Almost all colony-stimulating factors (CSF) and their receptors related mRNAs was up-regulated in AMI and SA groups compared with the control group, and the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSFR) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) mRNAs in the AMI group was significantly up-regulated com-pared with the other two groups (P<0.01). (2) The expression of mRNAs related to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), CCR2 (MCP-1 receptor) and CXCR2 (IL-8 receptor) was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01) in AMI group compared with SA and control groups. IL-8 mRNA expression in the AMI group was clearly higher than the controls (P<0.05). (3) All mRNAs expression related to opsonic re-ceptors (IgG FcR and C3bR/C4bR) was significantly up-regulated in AMI group compared with SA and control group (P<0.01), and the SA group showed an upward trend compared with controls. (4) Most pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-related mRNAs expression was up-regulated in AMI group compared with SA and control groups. Most toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNAs expression was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01) than the SA and control groups;macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR) mRNA was significantly up-regulated in AMI group compared with the control group (P<0.01), and the SA group showed an upward trend compared with the controls. Conclusions The expression of most neutrophil and mononuclear-macrophage function related genes mRNAs was significantly up-regulated by stages during the progression of CAD, suggesting that the adhesive, chemotactic and phagocytic functions of neutrophil and mononuclear-ma-crophage were strengthened in the occurrence and development of coronary atherosclerosis and AMI. This also showed a stepped up-ward trend as the disease progressed.

[Relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms and its haplotype of X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 and susceptibility of pancreatic carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of XRCCl gene polymorphisms and its haplotype on the susceptibility of pancreatic carcinoma. METHODS: Peripheral blood DNA was extracted from 210 pancreatic carcinoma patients and 213 control subjects. SNaPshot technique was used for genotyping seven SNP sites of the XRCCl gene (rs3213403, rs25487, rs1799782, rs731420, rs1001581, rs12611088, and rs3213282). Logistic regression model was performed to analyze the relationship of different genotypes or haplotype and the susceptibility of pancreatic carcinoma. RESULTS: The frequency for allele A at site rs25487 in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The frequency of GG, GA and AA genotype between the case group and control group had statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Compared with GG genotype, the risk of pancreatic carcinoma in the subjects carrying mutated allele A (GA+AA) was increased by 0.648 times (P < 0.05). Among them the pancreatic carcinoma risk of individuals carrying A allele was increased by 0.552 times compared with the individuals carrying G allele. The frequency of allele and genotype at site rs1799782 in the case group and control group had a significant difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the CC genotype, the risk of pancreatic carcinoma in the subjects carrying mutated allele T (CT+TT) was increased by 0.683 times. Among them the pancreatic carcinoma risk of individuals carrying T allele was increased by 0.549 times compared with the individuals carrying C allele. Significant differences were observed in linkage disequilibrium between any two of the seven SNPs (P < 0.05), the frequency of H4-AGCCCGC, H6-GGCCCGG or H7-AGCCTAG haplotypes was significantly lower in the case group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The single nucleotide polymorphisms of rs25487 and rs1799782 for XRCC1 gene may be correlated with the occurrence of pancreatic carcinoma. The haplotypes of H4-AGCCCGC, H6-GGCCCGG and H7-AGCCTAG might be a potential genetic protective factor for the occurrence of pancreatic carcinoma.

Structural, optical, and magnetic studies of manganese-doped zinc oxide hierarchical microspheres by self-assembly of nanoparticles.

In this study, a series of manganese [Mn]-doped zinc oxide [ZnO] hierarchical microspheres [HMSs] are prepared by hydrothermal method only using zinc acetate and manganese acetate as precursors and ethylene glycol as solvent. X-ray diffraction indicates that all of the as-obtained samples including the highest Mn (7 mol%) in the crystal lattice of ZnO have a pure phase (hexagonal wurtzite structure). A broad Raman spectrum from as-synthesized doping samples ranges from 500 to 600 cm-1, revealing the successful doping of paramagnetic Mn2+ ions in the host ZnO. Optical absorption analysis of the samples exhibits a blueshift in the absorption band edge with increasing dopant concentration, and corresponding photoluminescence spectra show that Mn doping suppresses both near-band edge UV emission and defect-related blue emission. In particular, magnetic measurements confirm robust room-temperature ferromagnetic behavior with a high Curie temperature exceeding 400 K, signifying that the as-formed Mn-doped ZnO HMSs will have immense potential in spintronic devices and spin-based electronic technologies.

The expression of interferon associated genes mRNA in patients with pulmonary embolism / 中华内科杂志

Objective To investigate the gene expression difference of IFN and their receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of pulmonary embolism (PE) patients.Methods Twenty cases of PE patients and twenty sex and age matched controls were recruited into the study.Human cDNA microarray analysis was used to detect the gene expression difference of IFN associated genes between the two groups,and random variance model corrected t test was used to analyze the statistical data.Results In comparison with the control group, mRNA expression of type Ⅰ IFN, including IFNα5 mRNA,IFNα6 mRNA,IFNα8 mRNA,IFNα14 mRNA,IFNκ mRNA,IFNω1 mRNA,IFNε1 mRNA in PBMC of PE patients Were down-regulated (P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in gene expression of type Ⅰ IFN receptors IFNαR1 and IFNαR2 between the PE and control groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).In comparison with the control group,mRNA expression of IFNγ gene was down-regulated ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The mRNA expression of IFNγR1 and IFNγR2 genes were upregulated compared with the control (P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion mRNA expression of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ IFN in PE are significantly down-regulated,but not the IFN receptors.Reduced immune function may play an important role in the PE patients who are susceptible to virus,intracellular bacteria and parasites.

The expression of T cell immune-related gene mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells frompatients with venous thromboembolism / 中华内科杂志

Objective To explore the role of T cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) by analyzing the differential expression of T cell immune-related gene mRNAs peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) between VTE patients and controls with GeneChip Human Genome. Methods Human eDNA microarray analysis was employed in PBMCs from 20 VTE patients and 20 hypertensive controls,and random variant model (RVM) corrected t-test was used for statistical analysis of differential gene expression.Results Six mRNA stripes including CD247,CD3D,CD3G,Granzyme A (GzmA),Granzyme B (GzmB) and Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70)were found to be associated with T cell-mediated immunity.Significant down-regulation of these six mRNAs was found in the VTE group compared with the controls ( 15.3050 ± 0.6346 vs 15.8053 ± 0.5567,13.7878 ±0.7731 vs 14.3820 ±0.4857,13.3299 ± 0.9104 vs 14.1246 ± 0.6011,14.8893 ± 0.8675 vs 15.5305 ±0.4624,15.9113 ±0.8123 vs 16.4553 ±0.5055,14.3652 ±0.7717 vs 14.3652 ±0.7717;all P values ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions T cells' function including antigen recognition,signal transduction and cytotoxicity was impaired in VTE patients.T cell-mediated immunity dysfunction probably plays an important role in the pathogenesis of VTE.

[Survival analysis and prognosis of lung cancer related factors].

AIM: of non-small cell lung cancer (non a small eelllungeaneer, NSCLC) patients with survival analysis and prognostic factors. METHODS: The research I our hospital from 2005 to September 2010 on the treatment of 275 cases of clinical data of patients with NSCLC, and its age, pathological type, clinical stage, lymph node micrometastasis on prognosis and treatment Investigation of influence, and to analyze the prognostic factors for patients. RESULTS: The patients in the family history, clinical stage and other factors after treatment for patients with poor prognostic factors after treatment for patients with poor prognostic factors for survival. The treatment of choice for the greatest impact factor. This group of patients selected surgery plus chemotherpy, chemotherapy + radiotherapy, chemotherapy and symptomatic treatment 4, in the survival rates of patients in the four groups was significantly different (P < 0.05). The patients age, clinical stage, lymph node micrometastasis in pathological type on the prognosis of patients was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer is an important prognostic factor.

Patent management and medical research achievement transformation / 中华医学科研管理杂志

By reviewing the status of domestic intellectual property right and patent in particular the authors pointed out that the key of increasing the number of patents and patent quality is to promote the trans formation of research achievements and the management of research achievements.Based on the framework scheme of the transformation chain of research achievements.four major stages of patent management were described，which contained ①the planning and design of patent index in the initial management of research achievement，②the forming and outputting of patents in the management of the formation of research a chievement and patent forming，③implementing and industrialization of patents in the stage of industrializing of research achievement and patent，④realizing the maximum efficiency of patents and establishing patent net in the stage of research extension and patent implementing.

The expression and significace of immunity associated genes mRNA in patients with pulmonary embolism / 中华内科杂志

ssociated genes,especially down-regulated expression of T cell mediated function genes,in patients with PE indicates that the etiology of PE might be related to viral infection.

Clinical study on effect of tuihuan decoction rectoclysis in hyperbilirubinemia of newborn / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the therapeutic effect and feasibility of rectoclysis with Tuihuang decoction (RTD) in treating hyperbilirubinemia of newborns.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and seventy-five newborns with hyperbilirubinemia were randomly divided into the treated group and the control group. They were treated with western medicine plus double faced blue treatment while the treated group were given RTD additionally. Blood bilirubin was detected by micro-bilirubin detector daily during the treatment course. The time of jaundice regression, the speed of blood bilirubin reducing, liver function, and condition of rebounding were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 7-day curative rate of jaundice in the treated group was superior to that in the control group, showing significant difference (P < 0.05). The average speed of blood bilirubin reducing daily in the treated group was quicker than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The improvement of liver function, such as AST, ALT and gamma-GT in the treated group was superior to that in the control group (P < 0.01). Rebound rate of blood bilirubin in the control group was significantly higher than that in the treated group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RTD is an ideal therapy for treatment of hyperbilirubinemia of newborn, it shows obvious clinical efficacy and can effectively prevent the rebound of blood bilirubin.</p>

Clinical study on integrative Chinese and Western medicine in treating allergic purpura and preventing renal impairment / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effect in treatment of the recurrent allergic (Henoch-Schönlein) purpura and prevention of renal impairment by means of integrative Chinese and Western medicine (ICWM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and seventy-six children with allergic purpura were randomly divided into the treated group (Based on the Western routine therapy of the control group, Kangmin Xiaoban Yin, a kind of TCM decoction, was added for 7-10 days) and the control group. Levels of urinary beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG) and serum IgA, IgE were measured before and after treatment. And clinical observation on the disappearance time (DT) of abdominal pain, arthralgia and purpura were implemented.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The DT of joint swelling, arthralgia, and purpura in the treated group was shorter than those in the control group, showing significant difference (P<0.01). Comparison between groups in urinary beta2-MG and serum IgA and IgE before treatment and 1 week after treatment were insignificantly different (P>0.05), but at 1 month and 6 months after treatment, the level of urinary beta2-MG in the treated group was lower than that in the control group, with significant difference (P<0.05), and levels of serum IgA and IgE at 1 month after treatment in the former were lower than those in the control group, also showing significant difference (P<0.05, P<0.01). Six-month recurreat rate in the treated group was 23.5%, while that in the control group. There was significant difference in comparison in 1/2-year recurrent rate (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ICWM in treating allergic purpura could reduce the repeated episodes and shorten the hospitalization time, and effectively prevent the renal impairment of the disease.</p>