ABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Laryngoscopy , Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/diagnosis , Dyspepsia/etiology , Inflammation/diagnosis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Cada año un gran número de niños viajan en avión y se desplazan a lugares con altitud significativa. La mayoría de estos viajes se producen sin incidentes reseñables. Debido a los numerosos cambios socioeconómicos recientes, también ha aumentado la cantidad de pacientes con patología cardiopulmonar previa que realizan este tipo de desplazamientos. Los cambios ambientales en estos entornos, en especial la hipoxia, puede conllevar un riesgo de sucesos adversos importantes. El pediatra debe de conocer las patologías susceptibles de complicaciones en altitud, así como los estudios previos necesarios y las recomendaciones de prevención y tratamiento de las complicaciones en estas circunstancias. El Grupo de Trabajo de Técnicas de la Sociedad Española de Neumología Pediátrica se propuso la elaboración de un documento que revisara la literatura publicada sobre el tema, estableciendo unas recomendaciones de utilidad en el manejo de estos pacientes (AU)
Every year a large number of children travel by plane and/or to places with high altitudes. Most of these journeys occur without incident. Immigration and recent socioeconomic changes have also increased the number of patients with cardiopulmonary disease who travel. Environmental changes in these places, especially lower oxygen, can lead to a risk of significant adverse events. The paediatrician must be aware of the diseases that are susceptible to complications, as well as the necessary preliminary studies and recommendations for treatment in these circumstances. The Techniques Group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Chest Diseases undertook to design a document reviewing the literature on the subject, providing some useful recommendations in the management of these patients (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Dyspnea/diagnosis , Dyspnea/prevention & control , Headache/diagnosis , Headache/therapy , Altitude Sickness/epidemiology , Hypoxia/complications , Hypoxia/diagnosis , Dyspnea/complications , Headache/epidemiology , Headache/prevention & control , Altitude Sickness/complications , Altitude Sickness/diagnosis , Hypoxia/epidemiology , Hypoxia/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Every year a large number of children travel by plane and/or to places with high altitudes. Most of these journeys occur without incident. Immigration and recent socioeconomic changes have also increased the number of patients with cardiopulmonary disease who travel. Environmental changes in these places, especially lower oxygen, can lead to a risk of significant adverse events. The paediatrician must be aware of the diseases that are susceptible to complications, as well as the necessary preliminary studies and recommendations for treatment in these circumstances. The Techniques Group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Chest Diseases undertook to design a document reviewing the literature on the subject, providing some useful recommendations in the management of these patients.
Subject(s)
Altitude , Respiration Disorders/therapy , Travel , Altitude Sickness/therapy , Child , HumansSubject(s)
Bronchiolitis/genetics , Bronchiolitis/virology , Child , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , HumansSubject(s)
Humans , Bronchiolitis/genetics , Bronchiolitis/pathology , Bronchiolitis/virology , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/genetics , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/immunology , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/pathogenicity , Rhinovirus/pathogenicity , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein B , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated ProteinsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of asthma shows marked variability and consequently it should be determined in different geographical areas. Standardized questionnaires are reliable for identifying and comparing the prevalences of asthma among areas. However, asthma prevalence based on the use of questionnaires alone could overestimate the true prevalence of this illness. Therefore, the use of other methods such as determination of bronchial hyperresponsiveness is useful as an adjunct to questionnaires in asthma screening and epidemiological studies. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of current asthma among schoolchildren in Majorca. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 608 schoolchildren aged 8-15 years in the island of Majorca were studied. Participants answered a questionnaire on symptoms and performed a free running test for measuring bronchial responsiveness. RESULTS: The prevalence of wheezing during the previous 12 months was 18.1% (11.5% for the group aged 12-15 years). A fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) greater than 15% after exercise testing was found in 61 children (10.5%). An association between bronchial responsiveness and the results of the written questionnaire referring to wheezing was found, but not between bronchial responsiveness and nocturnal coughing. The prevalence of "current asthma" (recent wheezing and bronchial responsiveness) was 3.4%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of current asthma in our area is lower than that reported for other Spanish areas. The use of questionnaires and a free running test can be useful in identifying children at greatest risk.
Subject(s)
Asthma/epidemiology , Adolescent , Bronchial Provocation Tests , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Antecedentes: Existe una marcada variabilidad en la prevalencia del asma, por lo que resulta imprescindible determinar ésta en las diferentes zonas geográficas. La utilización de cuestionarios estandarizados permite conocer y comparar la prevalencia en distintas áreas. Debido a la posible sobreestimación de asma mediante el uso único de cuestionarios, la asociación con otros métodos como la determinación de la hiperreactividad bronquial (HRB) inducida por el ejercicio puede resultar útil para un cribado de asma en la población. Objetivos: Establecer la prevalencia de asma actual en nuestra área. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 608 niños de 8-15 años de la isla de Mallorca. Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario de síntomas y realizaron una prueba de provocación bronquial inducida por carrera al aire libre. Resultados: La prevalencia de sibilancias en los últimos 12 meses fue del 18,1 % (11,5 % para el grupo de 12-15 años). Se encontró una disminución del volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (FEV1) tras el ejercicio mayor o igual al 15 % en 61 niños (10,5 %). La HRB inducida por el ejercicio se asoció a las preguntas del cuestionario referidas a sibilancias, pero no a la tos nocturna. La prevalencia de asma actual (HRB más sibilancias recientes) fue del 3,4 %. Conclusión: La prevalencia de asma actual en nuestra área es inferior a la referida para otras áreas de España. El empleo de un cuestionario asociado a una prueba de HRB puede ayudar a la identificación del grupo de mayor riesgo
Background: The prevalence of asthma shows marked variability and consequently it should be determined in different geographical areas. Standardized questionnaires are reliable for identifying and comparing the prevalences of asthma among areas. However, asthma prevalence based on the use of questionnaires alone could overestimate the true prevalence of this illness. Therefore, the use of other methods such as determination of bronchial hyperresponsiveness is useful as an adjunct to questionnaires in asthma screening and epidemiological studies. Objective: To assess the prevalence of current asthma among schoolchildren in Majorca. Patients and methods: A total of 608 schoolchildren aged 8-15 years in the island of Majorca were studied. Participants answered a questionnaire on symptoms and performed a free running test for measuring bronchial responsiveness. Results: The prevalence of wheezing during the previous 12 months was 18.1 % (11.5 % for the group aged 12-15 years). A fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) greater than 15 % after exercise testing was found in 61 children (10.5 %). An association between bronchial responsiveness and the results of the written questionnaire referring to wheezing was found, but not between bronchial responsiveness and nocturnal coughing. The prevalence of "current asthma" (recent wheezing and bronchial responsiveness) was 3.4 %. Conclusion: The prevalence of current asthma in our area is lower than that reported for other Spanish areas. The use of questionnaires and a free running test can be useful in identifying children at greatest risk
Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Humans , Asthma/epidemiology , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Spain/epidemiology , Bronchial Provocation TestsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is becoming an increasingly common diagnostic and therapeutic technique and is currently an essential procedure in pediatric pulmonology departments. Because the procedure is easy to perform under sedation and topical anesthesia, avoiding surgery with general anesthesia, which is required for rigid bronchoscopy, it has allowed the use of airway endoscopy in infants and children to be increased and has reduced patient risks. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the contribution of FB to the diagnosis of upper airway alterations and to characterize the frequency and type of upper airway anomalies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the FB performed in our center between January 1993 and March 2003 in children aged less than 14 years old. RESULTS: A total of 456 FB were performed in 378 children. One hundred eleven FB (24.5 % of all endoscopies) were required for suspected upper airway anomalies and 55.8 % corresponded to stridor. Upper airway inspection revealed abnormality in 30.7 % (140 FB). There were no severe complications. CONCLUSION: FB is useful in the diagnosis of upper airway abnormalities. The main indication for FB is stridor and the most common abnormal finding of the upper airway is laryngomalacia.
Subject(s)
Bronchoscopy , Respiratory System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Adolescent , Bronchoscopes , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Lactic starters used for cheese manufacture play an important role in the production of bitter peptides and their degradation to non-bitter products. The oligopeptide transport system (Opp) of lactococci is essential for milk peptide utilization. The periplasmic substrate binding protein serves to capture the substrate with high affinity and to deliver it to a membrane-bound complex that translocates it inside the cell. Prt(+)- and Lac(+)-derivatives of MG1363 DeltaoppA strains expressing a wild-type MG1363 OppA or a mutant OppA with a single point mutation at residue 471 (OppA(D471R)) from a plasmid were constructed. These strains were used as lactic starters in cheese manufacture to improve flavour quality by removing hydrophobic peptides from the cheese matrix, through their preferential transport by OppA(D471R). Cheeses made with these strains were not significantly different from control cheeses after 1 day of ripening with respect to bacterial counts, pH and proteolysis, and only slight differences were recorded after 9 and 20 days of ripening. HPLC chromatograms of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic peptides present in the water-soluble fraction of experimental cheeses showed significant differences in peptide content as well as in peak profiles. These results suggest a different peptide utilization in the strain expressing OppA(D471R) and make it suitable for use as starter to improve cheese quality.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Cheese/microbiology , Lactococcus lactis/metabolism , Lipoproteins/metabolism , Mutation , Biological Transport , Colony Count, Microbial , Fermentation , Food Microbiology , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lactococcus lactis/genetics , Oligopeptides/metabolism , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A total of 253 children from two months to 12 years old, who had diarrheic or dysenteric syndromes, were studied from the rectosigmoidoscopic and parasitologic points of view. In addition, 112 and 20 of these patients were also studied bacteriologically and virologically, respectively. Only in 28 patients torphozoites of Entamoeba histolytica were found by means of direct microscopic examination, staining techniques and amoebal cultures. Enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated in 41 of the 112 cases examined. No viral particles were detected in the 20 cases studied. From the discussion of these results, the conclusion is reached that the rectosigmoidal mucusal alterations which have been currently considered as suggesting amoebal lessions are not characteristic of invasive intestinal amebiasis in children.
Subject(s)
Dysentery, Amebic/pathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Colon, Sigmoid/microbiology , Colon, Sigmoid/parasitology , Colon, Sigmoid/pathology , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Female , Humans , Infant , Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology , Intestinal Mucosa/parasitology , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Male , Rectum/microbiology , Rectum/parasitology , Rectum/pathology , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Shigella/isolation & purification , Yersinia/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Rotaviruses were identified by electron microscopy in 19 of 26 (73%) Venezuelan children with gastroenteritis. Noncultivable adenoviruses and small (29-30 nm), spherical viruses were also observed in a few cases. Bacterial pathogens were isolated from five children (19%), all of whom were also carrying rotaviruses.
