Conceptualizing fairness in the secondary use of health data for research: A scoping review.

With the introduction of the European Health Data Space (EHDS), the secondary use of health data for research purposes is attracting more attention. Secondary health data processing promises to address novel research questions, inform the design of future research and improve healthcare delivery generally. To comply with the existing data protection regulations, the secondary data use must be fair, among other things. However, there is no clear understanding of what fairness means in the context of secondary use of health data for scientific research purposes. In response, we conducted a scoping review of argument-based literature to explore how fairness in the secondary use of health data has been conceptualized. A total of 35 publications were included in the final synthesis after abstract and full-text screening. Using an inductive approach and a thematic analysis, our review has revealed that balancing individual and public interests, reducing power asymmetries, setting conditions for commercial involvement, and implementing benefit sharing are essential to guarantee fair secondary use research. The findings of this review can inform current and future research practices and policy development to adequately address concerns about fairness in the secondary use of health data.

Comparison of image quality of subtracted and nonsubtracted breath hold VIBE and free breathing GRASP in the evaluation of renal masses.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the image quality of subtracted and nonsubtracted images obtained using volumetric interpolated breath-hold exam (VIBE) and free breathing T1 weighted Golden-angle Radial Sparse Parallel (GRASP). METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 27 consecutive patients who underwent MRI for the evaluation of renal masses. Contrast enhanced VIBE and free breathing GRASP imaging were performed, and subtraction images generated. Two radiologists performed quantitative and qualitative evaluations of image quality of nonsubtracted and subtracted data sets. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, paired t-test and kappa statistics. RESULTS: VIBE images scored statistically higher for the following parameters in the coronal and axial plane: sharpness, streak artifact, image noise, and overall image quality for standard and subtracted images (all P values P < 0.001). GRASP images had significantly less subtraction artifact in the coronal (P = 0.042) plane with a similar trend in the axial plane (P = 0.079). Interreader Kappa values for qualitative images scores were fair to good (0.23-0.71). Quantitative subtracted GRASP images had significant less subtraction artifact compared to VIBE in the anterior-posterior (3.9 mm SD 2.6 mm versus 5.8 mm SD 3.6 mm, P = 0.010), and craniocaudal direction (4.4 mm SD 2.9 mm versus 7.0 mm SD 5.3 mm, P = 0.010); a trend was seen in the left-right direction (2.6 mm SD 1.4 mm versus 4.0 mm SD 3.9 mm, P = 0.084). CONCLUSION: VIBE images have significantly better image quality than free breathing GRASP images, however free breathing GRASP images have significantly less subtraction artifact.

A Case-based Review of Abdominal (and a Few Thoracic) Emergencies and Urgencies Using Single-shot MR.

The rapid evolution of MR scanners and pulse sequence design brings an ever-expanding arsenal of diagnostic tools to radiology departments. However, this increasing abundance of diagnostic tools accentuates the challenge of using new technology efficiently and wisely-that is, to employ what may help diagnosis and/or management, but discards what has a poor likelihood of aiding patient care. This article aims to highlight practical points regarding MR pulse sequences for the evaluation of common emergencies in body imaging through case examples.

Adicción a la comida y estado nutricional en adolescentes de una preparatoria pública en México / Food addiction and nutritional status in adolescents of a public high school in Mexico

OBJETIVOS: Conocer la prevalencia de la adicción a la comida de acuerdo a la edad, sexo e índice de masa corporal, y determinar la asociación entre la adicción a la comida y el estado nutricional en adolescentes del norte de México. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, realizado durante agosto y septiembre de 2018. La población se conformó por 630 adolescentes estudiantes de 15 a 17 años de edad, de una preparatoria pública en Nuevo León, México, a los que se les realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se empleó el cuestionario Yale Food Addiction Scale. RESULTADOS: Una muestra de 245 adolescentes, predominando el sexo femenino (53,1%), con una edad media de 15,83 años, la media de índice de masa corporal fue de 23,18 kg/mt2 (S = 3,74) en hombres y 24,57 kg/mt2 (S = 4,00) en mujeres. El 87,8% de los adolescentes presentó positivo el criterio "deseo frustrado de parar el consumo", el 36,3% la tolerancia, y el 34,3% el consumo a pesar de las consecuencias. El 20,7% de los adolescentes con sobrepeso presentan adicción a la comida. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de los adolescentes presentan peso normal, las mujeres presentaron un índice de masa corporal mayor que el de los hombres, menos de la mitad de los participantes presenta adicción a la comida predominando los criterios positivos en mujeres, adolescentes en condición de sobrepeso, obesidad y de mayor edad. No se encontró asociación entre adicción a la comida y estado nutricional

OBJECTIVE: To know the prevalence of food addiction according to age, sex, and body mass index and to determine the association between food addiction and nutritional status in adolescents from northern México. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with a descriptive and correlational design, carried out during August and September 2018; the study population was comprised by 630 adolescents, students, ranging from 15 to 17 years of age, from a public high school in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Anthropometric measurements were taken and the Yale Food Addiction Scale questionnaire was used. RESULTS: A sample of 245 adolescents predominantly female (53.1%), with a mean age of 15.83 years; mean body mass index was 23.18 kg/mt2 (S = 3.74) in males and 24.57 kg/mt2 (S = 4.00) in females; 87.8% of adolescents showed positive to the frustrated desire to stop consumption criterion, 36.3% tolerance, and 34.3% consumption despite the consequences; 20.7% of overweight adolescents showed food addiction. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of adolescents showed normal weight, while women showed a body mass index (BMI) higher than men; less than half of the participants had food addiction; positive criteria prevailed in women, and adolescents with overweight and obesity, and older. No association was found between food addiction and nutritional status

NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibition by MCC950 in Aged Mice Improves Health via Enhanced Autophagy and PPARα Activity.

The NLRP3 inflammasome has emerged as an important regulator of metabolic disorders and age-related diseases in NLRP3-deficient mice. In this article, we determine whether, in old mice C57BL6J, the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 is able to attenuate age-related metabolic syndrome to providing health benefits. We report that MCC950 attenuates metabolic and hepatic dysfunction in aged mice. In addition, MCC950 inhibited the Pi3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, enhanced autophagy, and activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in vivo and in vitro. The data suggest that MCC950 mediates the protective effects by the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition, thus activating autophagy and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. In conclusion, pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 in aged mice has a significant impact on health. Thus, NLRP3 may be a therapeutic target of human age-related metabolic syndrome.

Leucemia aguda linfoblástica Pre-B. Informe de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Pre-bacute lymphoblastic leukemia: case report and literature review

Resumen: La leucemia se encuentra entre los trastornos oncológicos más comunes en la primera década de vida. Ésta se caracteriza por la producción excesiva de células inmaduras linfocíticas no funcionales denominadas blastos que invaden el torrente sanguíneo produciendo consecuencias fatales. Se trata de un padecimiento grave y mortal si no es tratado oportunamente. Entre sus manifestaciones más comunes se encuentran: la palidez generalizada, las linfadenopatías, hemorragias espontáneas, lesiones vasculares como moretones o petequias, malestar general, pérdida de peso y manifestaciones estomatológicas específicas como palidez de mucosa oral, los infiltrados leucocitarios, gingivorragias o aparición de petequias en algunos sitios de la boca. En el presente artículo se informa el caso de una niña de cinco años de edad diagnosticada con leucemia aguda linfoblástica precursora de células B, quien fue sometida a rehabilitación bucal bajo anestesia general, pues presentaba múltiples focos infecciosos en sus dientes que contraindicaban el inicio de su tratamiento de quimioterapia.

Abstract: Leukemia is one of the most common oncological disorders found in the first decade of life. It is characterized by the excessive production of non-functional immature lymphocytic cells, called blasts, which invade the bloodstream causing fatal consequences. Unless timely treated, it is a deadly, severe condition. Its more common manifestations are the following: generalized paleness, spontaneous hemorrhaging, vascular lesions such as bruises and petechiae, general malaise, weight loss, and specific stomatological manifestations such as oral mucosa paleness, leukocyte infiltrate gingivorrhageor apparition of petechiae in some locations of the mouth. The present article documents the case of a five year old girl, diagnosed with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The child was subjected to oral rehabilitation under general anesthesia due to the fact that she exhibited multiple infectious foci in her teeth which contraindicated initiation of chemotherapy treatment.

Eficacia clínica del bloqueo del plexo braquial por el método de las coordenadas con uso de neuroestimulación, en el Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión. Periodo 2012-2013 / Clinical efficacy of brachial plexus block by the method of coordinates with use of neurostimulation at the National Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión. Period 2012-2013

Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad clínica del bloqueo del plexo braquial por Método de Coordenadas usando Neuroestimulación. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, prospectivo de 55 pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía de Día bajo bloqueo del plexo braquial en cirugía del miembro superior, en el Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, en el periodo 2012 al 2013, con la aprobación del Comité de Ética del Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión. Los pacientes ASA I y II fueron incluidos entre los 18 a 70 años de edad, a quienes se les administraron 40 ml de bupivacaína al 0,375 por ciento con lidocaína al 1 por ciento por el método de Coordenadas. La efectividad clínica del bloqueo fue evaluada mediante el bloqueo sensitivo y motor. El inicio y la duración del bloqueo a los 5, 1O, 15, 20 y 30 minutos después de la administración del anestésico local fue analizado. La información fue recolectada en las hojas de reporte anestésico y el análisis estadístico fue realizado con el programa STATA versión 2012. Resultados: El método de Coordenadas con bloqueo completo fue efectivo en el 96 por ciento de los casos y el bloqueo parcial fue del 4 por ciento, no se reportó bloqueos fallidos. Se determinó además que la profundidad del plexo braquial se encontró en promedio a los 3 cm desde la piel. No se presentaron casos de neumotórax o inyección intravascular. Discusión: La técnica de Coordenadas es una técnica efectiva para analgesia y anestesia con bloqueo motor. Es un procedimiento seguro con riesgo mínimo de complicaciones.

Objective: To determine the clinical effectiveness of brachial plexus block by coordinates method using neurostimulation. Material and Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study of 55 patients attending the Day Surgery Service under brachial plexus block for upper limb surgery in the National Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrion, from 2012 to 2013, with the approval of ethics committee and the General Directorate of National Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrion. The ASA I and II patients were included between 18 to 70 years old, which were administered 40 ml of 0.375 per cent bupivacaine with lidocaine 1 per cent, by the technique of coordinates. The clinical effectiveness of the blockade was evaluated by assessing the sensory and motor block. The onset and duration of the block at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes after the administration of local anesthetic was recorded. Data were collected in the anesthetic sheet and statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 12. Results: Coordinate technique with complete block was achieved in 96 per cent of cases and partial blockage of 4 per cent without blocks failed. It was determined that the average depth of the brachial plexus is 3cm from the skin. No cases of pneumothorax or injection intravascular. Se determined that the average depth of the brachial plexus is 3cm from the skin were reported. Discussion: Coordinate technique proved to be an effective technique for analgesia and motor block. It is also a safe procedure with minimal risk of complications.