Predictors of adherence to follow-up and treatment success in childhood obesity.

INTRODUCTION: Management of childhood obesity, based upon behavioural, physical activity and dietary guidance, usually achieves limited success and is hindered by a high attrition rate. The identification of potential predictors of either weight loss or early weight management attrition could help develop personalised management plans in order to improve patient outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study in a cohort of 1300 patients with obesity managed in speciality clinics for up to 5 years with outpatient conservative treatment. We studied the family background and personal characteristics (demographic, behavioural, psychosocial, anthropometric and metabolic) of patients who dropped out before completing the first year of the programme and patients who achieved significant weight loss, with a separate analysis of patients who achieved substantial reductions in weight compared to the rest of the cohort. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients in the cohort was 10.46 years (SD, 3.48) the mean BMI z-score 4.01 (SD, 1.49); 52.8% of the patients were male, 53.3% were prepubertal, 75.8% were Caucasian and 19% Latin. We found a higher proportion of Latinla ethnicity and compulsive eating in the group of patients with early attrition from the weight management follow-up. In the group of patients with substantial weight loss, a greater proportion were male, there was a higher frequency of dietary intake control at home and obesity was more severe, and the latter factor was consistently observed in patients who achieved substantial weight loss at any point of the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Some family and personal characteristics in childhood obesity are associated with an increased risk of early withdrawal from follow-up or a greater probability of successful outcomes; however, the predictive value of these variables is limited.

An assessment of future rewilding potential in the United Kingdom.

Restoring ecosystems is an imperative for addressing biodiversity loss and climate change, and achieving the targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. One form of restoration, rewilding, may have particular promise but may also be precluded by requirements for other forms of land use now or in the future. This opportunity space is critical but challenging to assess. We explored the potential area available for rewilding in Great Britain until the year 2080 with a multisectoral land-use model with several distinct climatic and socioeconomic scenarios. By 2080, areas from 5000 to 7000 km2 were either unmanaged or managed in ways that could be consistent with rewilding across scenarios without conflicting with the provision of ecosystem services. Beyond these areas, another 24,000-42,000 km2 of extensive upland management could provide additional areas for rewilding if current patterns of implementation hold in the future. None of these areas, however, coincided reliably with ecosystems of priority for conservation: peatlands, ancient woodlands, or wetlands. Repeatedly, these ecosystems were found to be vulnerable to conversion. Our results are not based on an assumption of support for or benefits from rewilding and do not account for disadvantages, such as potential losses of cultural landscapes or traditional forms of management, that were beyond the modeled ecosystem services. Nevertheless, potential areas for rewilding emerge in a variety of ways, from intensification elsewhere having a substantial but inadvertent land-sparing effect, popular demand for environmental restoration, or a desire for exclusive recreation among the wealthy elite. Our findings therefore imply substantial opportunities for rewilding in the United Kingdom but also a need for interventions to shape the nature and extent of that rewilding to maintain priority conservation areas and societal objectives.

Una evaluación del potencial futuro de la resilvestración en el Reino Unido Resumen La restauración de ecosistemas es urgente para abordar la pérdida de biodiversidad y el cambio climático, así como para lograr los objetivos del Marco Mundial de Biodiversidad de Kunming­Montreal. Un método de restauración, la resilvestración, puede ser particularmente prometedor, aunque también puede ser excluido por los requerimientos para otras formas de uso de suelo actuales o en el futuro. Este espacio de oportunidad es crítico, pero también un reto para evaluar. Exploramos el área potencial disponible para el resilvestrado en Gran Bretaña hasta el año 2080 con un modelo multisectorial de uso de suelo con varios escenarios climáticos y socioeconómicos. Para este año, las áreas entre 5,000 y 7,000 km2 no estaban gestionadas o lo estaban, pero de manera que podían ser consistentes con el resilvestrado de los escenarios sin conflictuar el suministro de servicios ambientales. Más allá de estas áreas, otros 24,000­42,000 km2 de gestión extensiva tierra arriba podrían proporcionar áreas adicionales para el resilvestrado si los patrones actuales de implementación siguen en pie en el futuro. Sin embargo, ninguna de estas áreas coincidió de manera confiable con los ecosistemas de prioridad para la conservación: las turberas, bosques antiguos o humedales. Estos ecosistemas aparecieron varias veces como vulnerables a la conversión. Nuestros resultados no están basados en una suposición de apoyo para o los beneficios de la resilvestración y no consideran las desventajas, como la pérdida potencial de paisajes culturales o las maneras tradicionales de manejo, que estaban fuera del alcance de los servicios ambientales modelados. Sin embargo, las áreas potenciales para el resilvestrado emergen en una variedad de formas, desde la intensificación en otros lugares con un efecto de ahorro de tierras sustancial pero inadvertido, la demanda popular por la restauración ambiental o el deseo de una recreación exclusiva entre la elite acaudalada. Por lo tanto, nuestros descubrimientos implican una oportunidad sustancial para la resilvestración en el Reino Unido, aunque también una necesidad de intervenciones para moldear la naturaleza y la extensión de ese resilvestrado para mantener las áreas prioritarias de conservación y los objetivos sociales.

Factores asociados al abandono del Programa Madre Canguro entre los años 2019-2021 en Colombia / Factors associated with abandoning from the Kangaroo Mother Program between years 2019 and 2021

Fundamentos: el abandono del programa madre canguro es un problema de salud pública, que afecta la salud de los menores prematuros. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores asociados con el abandono de las madres o cuidadores de los menores prematuros en la primera etapa del programa madre canguro de una empresa promotora de salud (eps) del departamento de antioquia (colombia) entre 2019 y 2021. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y analítico, donde se recopiló información de los ingresos al programa (n=1.344) entre 2019 y 2021. Se realizó la prueba chi-cuadrado, razón de verosimilitud con razón de prevalencias crudas, se aplicó un modelo lineal generalizado de varianza robusta con la razón de prevalencias ajustadas. Resultados: al ajustar el abandono con las variables independientes, se evidenció mayor probabilidad de abandono: con respecto al año 2020 (rp 2,44, ic 95%: 1,94-3,08, valor p=0,0001), estado civil sola con apoyo (rp 1,60, ic 95%: 0,84-3,04, valor p=0,147), nivel académico primaria completa o incompleta (rp 1,48, ic 95% 1,11-1,97, valor p=0,006), ingreso mensual menor al salario mínimo mensual legal vigente (smmlv) (rp 1,26, ic 95%: 1,00-1,59, valor p=0,004) y área de residencia vivir fuera de medellín (rp 1,25, ic 95%: 1,06-1,46, valor p=0,006). Conclusiones: los hallazgos de este estudio pueden ser muy útiles para realizar intervenciones en las familias pertenecientes de los programas canguro, con el objetivo de intervenir factores de riesgo que se asocian con el abandono del programa.(AU)

Background: The abandonment of the Kangaroo Mother Program is a public health problem that affects the health of prema-ture infants. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the abandonment of mothers or caregivers of premature infants in the first stage of the Kangaroo Mother Program of a Health Promoting Company (EPS) in the department of Antioquia (Colombia), between 2019 and 2021.Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was carried out, where information was collected on admissions to the program (N=1,344) between 2019 and 2021. The Chi-Square likelihood ratio test was performed with crude prevalence ratio, a genera-lized linear model of robust variance was applied with the adjusted prevalence ratio. Results: When adjusting for dropout with the independent variables, a higher probability of dropout was evidenced: with respect to the year 2020 (PR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.94-3.08, p-value=0.0001), marital status alone with support (PR 1.60, 95% CI: 0.84-3.04, p-value=0. 147), primary school completed or incomplete (PR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11-1.97, p-value=0.006), monthly income less than the current legal monthly minimum wage (CLMMW) (PR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.00-1.59, p-value=0.004) and area of residence living outside Medellin (PR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06-1.46, p-value=0.006). Conclusions: The findings of this study can be very useful to carry out interventions in families belonging to Kangaroo Pro-grams, with the aim of intervening risk factors associated with program dropout.(AU)

Effectiveness of prolonged exposure (PE) after implementation at a crime victim support centre.

Background: Recent practice guidelines strongly recommend evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) as the first-line treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, previous studies found barriers to the implementation of EBPs and a relatively high dropout rate in clinical settings. After proving the efficacy of prolonged exposure (PE) in Japan [Asukai, N., Saito, A., Tsuruta, N., Kishimoto, J., & Nishikawa, T. (2010). Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23(6), 744-750. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20589], we began implementing PE in a real-world clinical setting at the Victim Support Center of Tokyo (VSCT).Objective: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness and benefit of PE for crime-induced PTSD among VSCT clients and what causes dropout from treatment.Method: Of 311 adult clients who received counselling from clinical psychologists at VSCT due to violent or physical crime victimization from April 2008 through December 2019, 100 individuals received PE and participated in this study. Their PTSD symptoms were evaluated before and after treatment using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV.Results: A total of 93 participants completed PE and seven dropped out after six sessions or less. The completers group improved in PTSD symptoms with significant score differences between pre- and post-treatment in IES-R and CAPS-IV. Participants' symptoms did not exacerbate after treatment. Forty of 49 completers who left their workplace or college/school after victimization returned to work or study shortly after treatment. Compared to the completers, all dropout participants were women and younger. The majority were rape survivors, with significantly shorter intervals between victimization and treatment. The reasons for dropout were difficulty scheduling treatment between work/study schedules and manifestation of bipolar disorder or physical illness.Conclusions: PE can be implemented with significant effectiveness and a low dropout rate in a real-world clinical setting if advantages in the system and policies, local organizational context, fidelity support and patient engagement are fortified.

We conducted prolonged exposure (PE) with a low dropout rate for crime-induced PTSD in a non-Western real-world practice setting.Patient outcomes and low dropout rate of PE for PTSD in this study may be due to advantages in the following areas: system and policies, local organizational context, fidelity support and patient engagement.When introducing PE for PTSD, it is important to confirm that patients can be reasonably engaged with PE, and to carefully assess the status of other psychiatric and physical illnesses.

Effectiveness of a Peer Mentoring on University Dropout and Academic Performance / La eficacia de un programa de mentoría en el abandono y el rendimiento académico

Mentoring programs have been proposed to reduce dropout and increase academic performance. We analyzed the effect of peer mentoring on university dropout and academic performance in the context of Spain. We applied a quasi-experimental posttest-only control group design with 3,774 students (mentees, n = 1,887; control, n = 1,887). Mentees had participated in a peer mentoring program. We apply the student’s t-test, Cohen’s d, phi statistic, and chi-square statistic. Mentees exhibited lower dropout than controls and showed higher academic performance regardless of the area of knowledge. Results support the implementation of mentoring programs in Spanish universities with the goal of reducing student dropout and increasing academic performance. The research provides empirical evidence for theory building in higher education studies, developmental relationships, and integration programs. (AU)

Se ha propuesto la aplicación de programas de mentoría para reducir la deserción universitaria y aumentar el rendimiento académico. En el artículo analizamos el efecto de la mentoría entre pares sobre el abandono universitario y el rendimiento académico en España. Aplicamos un diseño de grupo de control cuasiexperimental con medida post en una muestra de 3.774 estudiantes (mentorados, n = 1,887; control, n = 1,887). Los mentorados habían participado en un programa de mentoría entre pares. Aplicamos la prueba t de Student, la d de Cohen, el estadístico phi y el chi-cuadrado. Los mentorados presentaban un menor abandono que los controles y un mayor rendimiento académico independientemente del área de conocimiento. Los resultados avalan la implementación de programas de mentoría en las universidades españolas con el objetivo de reducir el abandono universitario y aumentar el rendimiento académico. La investigación proporciona evidencia empírica para la elaboración de teorías en estudios de educación superior, relaciones de desarrollo y programas de integración. (AU)

Percepção sobre abandono afetivo em idoso institucionalizado / Perception of emotional neglect in institutionalized elderly / Percepción del abandono afectivo en adultos mayores institucionalizado

Objetivo: Compreender a percepção dos idosos institucionalizados quanto ao abandono afetivo por parte de seus familiares.Método: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, comabordagemqualitativa. Conduzido por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A organização e análise dos dados foram baseadas na técnica de Minayo. O estudo foi realizado em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos, localizada em uma cidade do nordeste de Santa Catarina.Resultados: Participaram do estudo nove idosos, com idades entre 60 e 89 anos, com diferentes estados civis (viúvos, casados e divorciados), variando sua escolaridade do nível básico ao superior, além de serem aposentados ou pensionistas. Foram identificadas quatro categorias analíticas: (1) vivência na instituição, (2) motivos para a institucionalização, (3) relacionamento familiar e (4) percepção do abandono familiar.Conclusão: alguns idosos enfatizaram sentir-se esquecidos na instituição, o que os deixa tristes e deprimidos. É crucial para a prática de a enfermagem compreender a realidade dos idosos nas Instituições de Longa Permanência, pois essa compreensão está diretamente ligada à prestação de cuidados em todos os níveis de assistência à saúde

Objective: To understand the perception of institutionalized elderly individuals regarding the emotional abandonment by their family members.Methodology: This is an exploratory study, using qualitative methods. Conducted through semi-structured interviews. Data organization and analysis were based on Minayo's technique. The study was conducted at a Long-Term Care Institution for the Elderly located in a city in northeastern Santa Catarina.Results: Nine elderly individuals participated in the study, ranging in age from 60 to 89 years old, with different marital statuses (widowed, married, and divorced), ranging in education from basic to higher levels, and being retirees or pensioners. Four analytical categories were identified: (1) experience in the institution, (2) reasons for institutionalization, (3) family relationships, and (4) perception of family abandonment.Conclusion: Some elderly individuals emphasized feeling forgotten in the institution, which makes them feel sad and depressed. Understanding the reality of the elderly in Long-Term Care Institutions is crucial for nursing practice, as this understanding is directly linked to providing care at all levels of healthcare assistance in the Health Care Network

Objetivo: Comprender la percepción de las personas mayores institucionalizadas con respecto al abandono afectivo por parte de sus familiares. Metodología:Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, utilizando métodos cualitativos. Realizado a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. La organización y análisis de los datos se basaron en la técnica de Minayo. El estudio se llevó a cabo en una Institución de Larga Estadía para Personas Mayores lubicada en una ciudad del noreste de Santa Catarina. Resultados:Nueve personas mayores participaron en el estudio, con edades comprendidas entre 60 y 89 años, con diferentes estados civiles (viudos, casados y divorciados), variando en educación desde niveles básicos hasta superiores, y siendo jubilados o pensionistas. Se identificaron cuatro categorías analíticas: (1) experiencia en la institución, (2) motivos para la institucionalización, (3) relaciones familiares y (4) percepción del abandono familiar. Conclusión:Algunas personas mayores enfatizaron sentirse olvidadas en la institución, lo que los hace sentir tristes y deprimidas. Es crucial para la práctica de enfermería comprender la realidad de los adultos mayores en las Instituciones de Larga Estancia, ya que esta comprensión está directamente vinculada con la prestación de cuidados en todos los niveles de asistencia sanitaria en la Red de Atención a la Salud.

Evidence of validity of the Smoking Cessation Counseling scale - Brazilian version / Evidencias de validez de la escala Smoking Cessation Counseling - versión brasileña / Evidências de validade da escala Smoking Cessation Counseling - versão brasileira

Objective: to evaluate the evidence of validity of the internal structure and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Smoking Cessation Counseling instrument Method: psychometric study of confirmatory factor analysis and reliability carried out on 250 nurses in clinical practice. For the analysis of the convergent validity of the factor model, Average Variance Extracted values were calculated, and discriminant analysis was carried out using the Fornell-Larcker criterion. Reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability Results: it was necessary to exclude seven items from the Advanced Counseling domain and one item from the Basic Counseling domain in order to properly obtain the Average Variance Extracted values and the Fornell-Larcker criterion. The composite reliability ranged from 0.76 to 0.86 and the overall Cronbach`s alpha coefficient was 0.86, ranging from 0.53 to 0.84 depending on the domain assessed. The final version of the instrument was made up of 16 items divided into 4 domains Conclusion: the Brazilian version of Smoking Cessation Counseling obtained adequate psychometric evidence of validity and reliability. Further studies are needed to refine the instrument.

Objetivo: evaluar las evidencias de validez de la estructura interna y de la confiabilidad de la versión brasileña del instrumento Smoking Cessation Counseling. Método: estudio psicométrico de análisis factorial confirmatorio y de confiabilidad realizado en 250 enfermeras de la práctica clínica. Para el análisis de la validez convergente del modelo factorial se calcularon valores de Average Variance Extracted, el análisis discriminante se realizó mediante el criterio de Fornell-Larcker. La confiabilidad se examinó por el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach y por la confiabilidad compuesta. Resultados: fue necesaria la exclusión de siete ítems del dominio de Asesoramiento avanzado y un ítem del dominio Asesoramiento básico para obtener adecuadamente los valores de Average Variance Extracted y del criterio de Fornell-Larcker. La confiabilidad compuesta varió de 0,76 a 0,86 y el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach global alcanzado fue de 0,86, variando de 0,53 a 0,84 dependiendo del dominio evaluado. Se obtuvo la versión final del instrumento compuesto de 16 ítems distribuidos en 4 dominios. Conclusión: la versión brasileña de Smoking Cessation Counseling obtuvo adecuadas evidencias psicométricas de validez y confiabilidad. Estudios posteriores serán necesarios para el refinamiento del instrumento.

Objetivo: avaliar as evidências de validade da estrutura interna e da confibialidade da versão brasileira do instrumento Smoking Cessation Counseling Método: estudo psicométrico de análise fatorial confirmatória e de confiabilidade realizado em 250 enfermeiras da prática clínica. Para a análise da validade convergente do modelo fatorial foram calculados valores de Average Variance Extracted , a análise discriminante foi realizada pelo critério de Fornell-Larcker. A confiabilidade foi examinada pelo coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach e pela confiabilidade composta Resultados: foi necessária a exclusão de sete itens do domínio de Aconselhamento avançado e um item do domínio Aconselhamento básico para obtenção adequada dos valores de Average Variance Extracted e do critério de Fornell-Larcker. A confiabilidade composta variou de 0,76 a 0,86 e o coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach global alcançado foi de 0,86, variando de 0,53 a 0,84 a depender do domínio avaliado. Obteve-se a versão final do instrumento composto de 16 itens distribuídos em quatro domínios Conclusão: a versão brasileira da Smoking Cessation Counseling obteve adequadas evidências psicométricas de validade e de confiabilidade. Estudos posteriores serão necessários para o refinamento do instrumento.

Resiliencia académica, rendimiento e intención de abandono en estudiantes universitarios de Quito / Academic resilience, performance and intention to drop out in university students in Quito / Resiliência académica, desempenho e intenção de desistir entre os estudantes universitários em Quito

(analítico) La resiliencia académica es la capacidad para responder adaptativamente a las adversidades del proceso educativo y superarlas exitosamente. Este estudio explora los efectos de la resiliencia académica en una muestra de estudiantes de psicología (N = 550) de Quito, Ecuador. Los resultados de los análisis de regresión evidencian que la resiliencia se relaciona positivamente con el rendimiento académico y negativamente con la intención de abandonar los estudios universitarios. Respecto a las dimensiones de resiliencia académica (perseverancia, reflexión y búsqueda adaptativa de ayuda, así como afecto negativo y respuesta emocional), estas presentan un patrón de influencia diferenciado sobre el rendimiento y la intención de abandono. Asimismo, los efectos favorables de la resiliencia son mayores para los estudiantes que cursan niveles iniciales de carrera y se reducen en los estudiantes de niveles superiores.

(analytical) Academic resilience is the individual ability to respond adaptively to the adversities of the educational process and overcome them successfully. This study explores the effects of academic resilience in a sample of Psychology students (N=550) from Quito-Ecuador. The results of regression analyses show that resilience is positively related to academic performance and negatively related to the intention to drop out of university studies. Regarding the dimensions of academic resilience: a) perseverance, b) reflecting and adaptive help-seeking, and c) negative affect and emotional response, these present a pattern of differentiated influence on performance and dropout intention. Likewise, the favorable effects of resilience are greater for students at initial levels of career, and are reduced for students at higher levels.

(analítico) A resiliência acadêmica é a capacidade de responder de forma adaptativa às adversidades do processo educacional e superálas com sucesso. Este estudo explora os efeitos da resiliência acadêmica em uma amostra de estudantes de psicologia (N=550) de Quito-Equador. Os resultados das análises de regressão mostram que a resiliência está positivamente relacionada ao desempenho acadêmico e negativamente relacionada à intenção de abandonar os estudos universitários. Relativamente às dimensões da resiliência académica: a) perseverança, b) reflexão e procura adaptativa de ajuda, e c) afeto negativo e resposta emocional, apresentam um padrão diferenciado de influência no desempenho e na intenção de abandono. Da mesma forma, os efeitos favoráveis da resiliência são maiores para alunos que cursam níveis iniciais do curso e são reduzidos em alunos de níveis superiores.

Síndromes geriátricos y abandono

Fundamento: el abandono en la vejez es un condicionante de muchos trastornos de salud y constituye en mayor medida una condición de gran incidencia a nivel mundial. Objetivo: comparar los síndromes geriátricos y el abandono en pacientes adultos mayores. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo, analítico y correlacional, en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 33 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social de Tabasco. La muestra se conformó con 203 pacientes de 60 años y más, que acudieron a consulta de Medicina Familiar y Atención Médica Continua. Se aplicaron 3 instrumentos: la escala de Pfeiffer, el International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form, la Escala de Percepción de Abandono del Adulto Mayor y se interrogó sobre el consumo de medicamentos prescritos y automedicados. Resultados: existió relación entre los síndromes geriátricos y el abandono, como se comprobó en la correlación entre las variables analizadas. El deterioro cognitivo leve, moderado y severo, se encontró en bajas proporciones. El 40,7 % de los pacientes aceptó tener incontinencia urinaria. La presencia de polifarmacia se encontró en altas proporciones. Conclusiones: los síndromes geriátricos presentes en el estudio fueron: deterioro cognitivo, polifarmacia e incontinencia urinaria, más la presencia de ser soltero, viudo o divorciado muestran una relación significativa para sufrir abandono.

Foundation: abandonment in old age is a condition of many health disorders and is, to a greater extent, a condition of high incidence worldwide. Objective: to compare geriatric syndromes and abandonment in older adult patients. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical and correlational study was carried out in the Family Medicine Unit No. 33 of the Mexican Social Security Institute of Tabasco. The sample was made up of 203 patients aged 60 and over, who attended Family Medicine and Continuing Medical Care consultations. Three instruments were applied: the Pfeiffer scale, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form, the Perception of Abandonment Scale for the Elderly, and questions were asked about the consumption of prescribed and self-medicated medications. Results: there is a relationship between geriatric syndromes and abandonment, as verified in the correlation between the variables analyzed. Mild, moderate and severe cognitive impairment was found in low proportions. 40.7 % of the patients accepted having urinary incontinence. The presence of polypharmacy was found in high proportions. Conclusions: the geriatric syndromes present in the study such as: cognitive impairment, polypharmacy and urinary incontinence, plus the presence of being single, widowed or divorced show a significant relationship to suffering abandonment.

Intenção de abandono profissional em professores de acordo com níveis de ensino / Intention of Professional Abandonment in Teachers according to Education Levels

Resumo. Objetivo. Identificar os preditores sociodemográficos, laborais, estressores psicossociais, foco regulatório para a obtenção das metas no trabalho, trabalho emocional e a síndrome de burnout para a intenção de abandono profissional em professores brasileiros de acordo com os cinco níveis de ensino: Infantil, Fundamental, Médio, Graduação e Pós-graduação. Método. Utilizou-se uma amostra não probabilística de 1284 professores brasileiros distribuídos em cinco níveis de ensino que responderam a um instrumento on-line que continha cinco seções: questionário de dados sociodemográficos e laborais, Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, Escala Geral de Focus Regulatório, Escala de Emoções no Trabalho e a Escala de Avaliação de Estressores Psicossociais no Contexto Laboral. Resultados. Os resultados obtidos por meio da análise de regressão linear múltipla revelaram preditores diferenciados de acordo com os níveis de ensino. As variáveis que explicaram os modelos foram maiores índices de síndrome de burnout, pressão pela responsabilidade, conflito e ambiguidade de papel, sobrecarga de papéis, insegurança na carreira, variabilidade emocional, maior formação acadêmica e remuneração e menores índices de satisfação com a vida, menor tempo de trabalho e idade, não ter outra atividade profissional e trabalhar em instituição privada. A síndrome de burnout foi preditora em todos os níveis.

Abstract. Objective. To identify the sociodemographic, work predictors, psychosocial stressors, regulatory focus to achieve goals at work, and emotional labor for professional abandonment intention in Brazilian teachers according to the five levels of education: kindergarten, elementary, secondary, undergraduate, and postgraduate. Method. A non-probabilistic sample of 1,284 Brazilian teachers distributed across five levels of education was used, who responded to an online instrument that contained five sections: sociodemographic and labor data questionnaire, Burnout questionnaire, General Regulatory Focus Scale, Emotions Labor Scale and the Psychosocial Stressors Assessment Scale in the Work Context. Results. The results obtained through multiple linear regression analyses revealed different predictors according to educational levels. The variables that explained the models were higher rates of burnout syndrome, pressure for responsibility, role conflict and ambiguity, role overload, career insecurity, emotional variability, higher academic training and remuneration and lower rates of satisfaction with life, lower length of work and age, not having another professional activity, and working in a private institution. Burnout syndrome was a predictor at all levels.

Duration of smoking cessation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Smoking can worsen inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although evidence regarding the duration of cessation is scarce. The objectives of the study were to determine the duration of abstinence and identify the characteristics of relapse in IBD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using the local database of a nationwide registry of patients with IBD, we identified patients who were active smokers at the time of IBD diagnosis and invited them to participate in the study. Patients were asked about their smoking habit and those who were ex-smokers constituted the study cohort. We obtained clinical and smoking-related data of ex-smokers from medical records and telephone interviews. We measured nicotine dependence using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). RESULTS: We enrolled 121 IBD patients who were ex-smokers: 89 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 33 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The median age at cessation was lower in patients with CD (38 years) than in patients with UC (46 years) (p=0.002). Follow-up time was shorter in CD patients than in UC patients (114 vs. 168 months, p=0.035). No difference was found in the FTND score. Relapse was more common in CD patients (46%) than in UC patients (24%) (p=0.029), although time to first relapse was similar in both groups of patients (12 and 15 months, respectively; p=0.056). Nicotine dependence was the only independent factor associated with relapse. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of smoking relapse was high, especially in CD patients, although their dependence level was similar to that of UC patients.

The acceptability of a guided internet-based trauma-focused self-help programme (Spring) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Background: Guided internet-based, cognitive behavioural therapy with a trauma-focus (i-CBT-TF) is recommended in guidelines for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is limited evidence regarding its acceptability, with significant dropout from individual face-to-face CBT-TF, suggesting non-acceptability at least in some cases.Objective: To determine the acceptability of a guided internet-based CBT-TF intervention, 'Spring', in comparison with face-to-face CBT-TF for mild to moderate PTSD.Method: Treatment adherence, satisfaction, and therapeutic alliance were measured quantitatively for participants receiving 'Spring' or face-to-face CBT-TF as part of a Randomised Controlled Trial. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of therapists and participants.Results: 'Spring' guided internet-based CBT-TF was found to be acceptable, with over 89% participants fully or partially completing the programme. Therapy adherence and alliance for 'Spring' and face-to-face CBT-TF did not differ significantly, apart from post-treatment participant-reported alliance, which was in favour of face-to-face CBT-TF. Treatment satisfaction was high for both treatments, in favour of face-to-face CBT-TF. Interviews with participants receiving, and therapists delivering 'Spring' corroborated its acceptability.Conclusions: Guided internet-based CBT-TF is acceptable for many people with mild to moderate PTSD. Findings provide insights into future implementation, highlighting the importance of personalising guided self-help, depending on an individual's presentation, and preferences.

Guided internet-based trauma-focused CBT is an acceptable treatment for PTSD.A model of acceptability explained 45% of variance in treatment outcome.Importance of adapting guided self-help to suit presentation and preferences.

Abandono universitario: predictores y mediadores en estudiantes universitarios chilenos de primer año / University Dropout: Predictors and Mediators in First-Year Chilean University Students

Resumen La integración social en los primeros años de universidad ha mostrado ser muy relevante para propiciar que los estudiantes participen de forma comprometida, obtengan buenos resultados académicos y permanezcan en sus estudios. La pandemia por COVID-19 ha impuesto barreras a la integración social de los estudiantes, cambiando las formas de la relación interpersonal. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar un modelo en que el aislamiento y el apoyo social percibidos (variables de integración social) son predictores de la intención de abandono y se encuentran mediados por el sentido de pertenencia. Se realizó un estudio con diseño transversal asociativo-predictivo, mediante la prueba de modelos de mediación, con 700 participantes de primer año de una universidad chilena. Los resultados mostraron un efecto indirecto estadísticamente significativo de las variables de integración social sobre la intención de abandono. A su vez, no se observaron efectos directos de dichas variables sobre la intención de abandono. Estos resultados permiten, primero, indicar que, durante la educación virtual de emergencia, con sus barreras para la interacción social y académica, las variables de integración logran predecir la intención de abandonar los estudios mediante su efecto sobre el sentido de pertenencia; además, orientan las preocupaciones de las instituciones de educación superior para poner atención sobre las condiciones en las que la integración social ocurre en los medios virtuales y con las restricciones de la interacción que le son propias.

Abstract Social integration in university freshmen has proven to be very relevant to encourage students to participate in an engaged way, obtain good academic results and continue with their university studies. The Covid-19 Pandemic imposed barriers to the social integration of students, changing the forms of interpersonal relationships. The objective of this research was to evaluate a predictive model in which perceived isolation and social support (social integration variables) are predictors of the intention to dropout mediated by the sense of belonging. A study with an associative-predictive cross-sectional design was carried out by testing mediation models with 700 first-year participants from a Chilean university. The results showed a statistically significant indirect effect of the social integration variables on dropout intention. In turn, no direct effects of these variables on the intention to quit were observed. These results indicate that, during emergency virtual education with its barriers to social and academic interaction, the integration variables can predict the intention to drop out of school through their effect on the sense of belonging. These results encourage higher education institutions to pay attention to the conditions in which social integration occurs in virtual media and with the interaction restrictions that are inherent to it.

Prevalencia del síndrome del impostor y nivel de autoestima en estudiantes de una facultad de medicina del Ecuador / Prevalence of impostor syndrome and level of self-esteem in students of a medical school in Ecuador

INTRODUCCIÓN. El síndrome del impostor es un trastorno caracterizado por la incapacidad del individuo para reconocer sus habilidades e interiorizar sus logros, lo cual impacta negativamente en la salud mental y desempeño académico-laboral. OBJETIVO. Identificar la prevalencia del síndrome del impostor y nivel de autoestima en estudiantes de una facultad de medicina del Ecuador. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio transversal descriptivo, aplicado en los estudiantes de medicina de segundo a décimo nivel, de la facultad de medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador en el periodo febrero a junio de 2022. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas, tablas cruzadas, razón de prevalencia, chi cuadrado como contraste de hipótesis. RESULTADOS. La mayoría de estudiantes con síndrome de impostor fueron mujeres (74,2%); pertenecer al sexo femenino aumentó dos veces su probabilidad (Razón de prevalencia: 2,12; Índice de confianza: 95% 1,66-2,17; p: <0,001). Para el sexo masculino autopercibirse como perfeccionista incrementó dos veces la probabilidad (Razón de prevalencia: 2,3; Índice de confianza: 95% 1,53-3,46; p: < 0,001). La autoestima baja no se asoció a mayor probabilidad de desarrollar este síndrome. En contraste, no percibir apoyo social incrementó al doble su probabilidad (Razón de prevalencia: 1,72; Índice de confianza: 95% 1,16-2,55; p 0,007). DISCUSIÓN. Estudios previos muestran elevada prevalencia de este síndrome en estudiantes medicina, con predominio en mujeres. En concordancia con la literatura citada, no existió asociación entre nivel de carrera y síndrome del impostor; el perfeccionismo se asocia a mayor probabilidad de síndrome del impostor. CONCLUSIÓN. El síndrome del impostor es frecuente en estudiantes de medicina, existen factores determinantes que incrementan la probabilidad del síndrome como ser mujer, autopercibirse como perfeccionista en la población masculina y no percibir apoyo social, la importancia de su reconocimiento reside en la prevención del distrés psicológico y la deserción académica.

INTRODUCTION. Impostor syndrome is a disorder characterized by an individual's inability to recognize his or her abilities and internalize his or her accomplishments, which negatively impacts mental health and academic and occupational performance. OBJECTIVE. To identify the prevalence of impostor syndrome and level of self-esteem in students of a medical school in Ecuador. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Descriptive cross-sectional study, applied to medical students from second to tenth level, of the medical school of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador in the period January to June 2022. For the statistical analysis, absolute and relative frequencies, cross tables, prevalence ratio, chi-square and hypothesis testing were applied. RESULTS. The majority of students with impostor syndrome were female (74.2%); belonging to the female sex increased their probability twice (Prevalence ratio: 2.12; Confidence index: 95% 1.66-2.17; p: < 0.001). For the male sex, self-perceiving oneself as a perfectionist increased the probability twice (Prevalence ratio: 2.3; Confidence index: 95% 1.53-3.46; p: < 0.001). Low self-esteem was not associated with a higher probability of developing this syndrome. In contrast, not perceiving social support doubled its probability (Prevalence ratio: 1.72; Confidence index: 95% 1.16-2.55; p 0.007). DISCUSSION. Previous studies show a high prevalence of this syndrome in medical students, with a predominance in women. In agreement with the literature cited, there was no association between career level and impostor syndrome; perfectionism is associated with a higher probability of impostor syndrome. CONCLUSIONS. Impostor syndrome is frequent in medical students, there are determinant factors that increase the probability of the syndrome such as being a woman, self-perceived perfectionism in the male population and not perceiving social support, the importance of its recognition lies in the prevention of psychological distress and academic desertion.

Evasão acadêmica no curso de Odontologia de uma instituição pública e ações voltadas para mitigar o abandono discente / Evasión académica en la carrera de Odontología en una institución pública y acciones encaminadas a mitigar la deserción estudiantil / Academic evasion in the Dentistry course of a public institution and actions to mitigate student dropout

O estudo investigou aspectos da evasão e avaliou a satisfação de calouros no curso de Odontologia de uma instituição de ensino superior pública, além de relatar intervenções de combate ao abandono acadêmico desenvolvidas neste período. Trata-se de um estudo com uma fase observacional, transversal, descritiva, quanti-qualitativa, com aplicação de questionários; e outra intervencionista, com atividades voltadas ao combate à evasão. Foram entrevistados 74 alunos, matriculados no primeiro ano do curso, com idade entre 15 e 30 anos. Os dados foram expressos em frequências absoluta e percentual e analisados pelos testes exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado de Pearson (p ≤0,05). Variáveis com associação significativa foram submetidas ao modelo de regressão logística multinomial (RLM). Observou-se que o grau de insatisfação com o curso foi maior entre os alunos com menor faixa etária (entre 15 e 20 anos) e menor renda familiar (até 2 salários mínimos). Além disso, cerca de 66% dos possíveis desistentes ainda não haviam vivenciado nenhum tipo de experiência prática odontológica, enquanto 69% dos que pretendem completar o curso já passaram por algum contato com vivências clínicas. A RLM revelou que a Odontologia não ser a primeira opção aumenta em 7,96 vezes a probabilidade de desistência do curso, independente do semestre. Observou-se, ainda, redução nos índices de evasão a medida em que intervenções (cerimônia do jaleco, visita clínica guiada e apadrinhamento de alunos calouros) foram realizadas. Conclui-se que asações implementadas para o combate de evasão no curso de Odontologia impactaram positivamente nos índices de abandono do curso nos semestres analisados (AU).

El estudio investigó aspectos de la evasión y evaluó la satisfacción de los estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Odontología de una institución de enseñanza superior pública, además de relatar las intervenciones para combatir la deserción académica desarrolladas en ese período. Se trata de un estudio con fase observacional, transversal, descriptivo, cuantitativo y cualitativo, con aplicación de cuestionarios; y otra intervencionista, con actividades encaminadas a combatir la evasión. Fueron entrevistados 74 estudiantes, matriculados en el primer año de la carrera, con edades entre 15 y 30 años. Los datos se expresaron como frecuencias absolutas y porcentuales y se analizaron mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher o la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson (p ≤0,05). Las variables con asociación significativa fueron sometidas al modelo de regresión logística multinomial (RLM). Se observóque el grado de insatisfacción con el curso fue mayor entre los estudiantes de menor franja etaria (entre 15 y 20 años) y menor renta familiar (hasta 2 salarios mínimos). Además, alrededor del 66% de los posibles desertores aún no habían tenido ningún tipo de experiencia práctica en odontología, mientras que el 69% de los que pretendían completar el curso ya habían tenido algúncontacto con experiencias clínicas. El RLM reveló que el hecho de no ser Odontología la primera opción aumenta en 7,96 veces la probabilidad de deserción de la carrera, independientemente del semestre. También hubo una reducción en las tasas de deserción a medida que se realizaron intervenciones (ceremonia de bata de laboratorio, visita clínica guiada y patrocinio de estudiantes de primer año). Se concluye que las acciones implementadas para combatir la deserción en la carrera de Odontología incidieron positivamente en las tasas de deserción de la carrera en los semestres analizados (AU).

The study investigated aspects of evasion and evaluated the satisfaction of freshmen in the Dentistry course at a public higher education institution, in addition to reporting interventions to combat academic dropout developed during this period. This is astudy with an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative and qualitative phase, with the application of questionnaires; and another interventionist, with activities aimed at combating evasion. 74 students were interviewed, enrolled in the first year of the course, aged between 15 and 30 years old. Data were expressed as absolute and percentage frequencies and analyzed using Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi-square test (p ≤0.05). Variables with significant association were submitted to the multinomial logistic regression model (RLM). It was observed that the degree of dissatisfaction with the course was higher among students with a lower age group (between 15 and 20 years old) and lower family income (up to 2 minimum wages). In addition, around 66% of possible dropouts had not yet had any kind of practical dental experience, while 69% of those intending to complete the course had already had some contact with clinical experiences. The RLM revealed that Dentistry not being the first option increases the probability of dropping out of the course by 7.96 times, regardless of the semester. There was also a reduction in dropout rates as interventions were carried out (lab coat ceremony, guided clinical visit and sponsorship of freshman students)were performed. It is concluded that the actions implemented to combat dropout in the Dentistry course had a positive impact on the dropout rates of the course in the analyzed semesters (AU).

Tratamiento multicomponente del tabaquismo en Atención Primaria: seguimiento transcurridos más de 5 años / Multicomponent treatment of tobacco in primary care: Follow-up over 5years

Objetivos: Analizar la eficacia de un tratamiento multicomponente para dejar de fumar llevado a cabo en Atención Primaria y evaluar la evolución del consumo de tabaco que tuvieron las personas que participaron, transcurridos más de 5 años desde la finalización del tratamiento. Diseño: Estudio longitudinal de 307 personas participantes en un programa multicomponente en formato grupal de deshabituación de tabaco. Emplazamiento: Centro de Salud de Atención Primaria de Santander. Participantes: Personas fumadoras de la Zona Básica de Salud que deseaban dejar de fumar entre 2006 y 2012 y solicitaron ayuda. Intervenciones: Tratamiento multicomponente de 5sesiones presenciales y seguimiento hasta los 12 meses.Mediciones principales: La actividad se evaluó en 263 sujetos, una vez transcurridos más de 5años desde que finalizaron el tratamiento. Los resultados de abstinencia continua y puntual se obtuvieron por autodeclaración y los datos registrados en la historia clínica. La puntual se validó también con cooximetría. Resultados: Al año declararon abstinencia continua el 42,7% de las participantes. Transcurridos entre 5 y 12 años, la abstinencia continua declarada mayor de 12meses fue del 40,7%. No volvieron a fumar desde que finalizaron el tratamiento 66 personas. El 68,0% de las que recayeron realizaron nuevos intentos y de ellas el 45,5% solicitaron ayuda para dejar de fumar. Conclusiones: El tratamiento multicomponente propuesto es eficaz. La abstinencia a los 12 meses predice el mantenimiento a largo plazo y participar en grupos de deshabituación favorece la realización de nuevos intentos en caso de recaída y la solicitud de ayuda para dejar de fumar.(AU)

Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of a multicomponent treatment for smoking cessation carried out in primary care and to evaluate the evolution of the consumption of tobacco that the people who participated had, more than 5 years after the end of the treatment. Design: Longitudinal study of 307 participants in a multicomponent program in group format of tobacco cessation. Emplacement: Santander (Spain) Primary Care Health Center. Participants: Smokers from the basic health zone who wanted to quit smoking between 2006 and 2012 and requested help. Interventions: Multicomponent treatment of 5face-to-face sessions and follow-up for up to 12 months. Primary measurements: The activity was evaluated in 263 participants more than 5years after the end of treatment. The results of continuous and punctual withdrawal were obtained by self-declaration and the data recorded in the medical record. The punctual was also validated with co-oximetry. Results: After a year 42.7% of participants declared continuous abstinence. From 5 to 12 years later, the continuous declared abstinence further than 12 months was 40.7%. They did not smoke again since the end of the treatment 66 people; 68.0% of those who relapsed made new attempts and 45.5% of them requested help to quit smoking. Conclusions: The proposed multi-component treatment is effective. Abstinence at 12 months predicts long-term maintenance and participating in disabling groups favors further attempts in case of relapse and the request for help to quit smoking.(AU)

[Multicomponent treatment of tobacco in primary care: Follow-up over 5years]. / Tratamiento multicomponente del tabaquismo en Atención Primaria: seguimiento transcurridos más de 5 años.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effectiveness of a multicomponent treatment for smoking cessation carried out in primary care and to evaluate the evolution of the consumption of tobacco that the people who participated had, more than 5 years after the end of the treatment. DESIGN: Longitudinal study of 307 participants in a multicomponent program in group format of tobacco cessation. EMPLACEMENT: Santander (Spain) Primary Care Health Center. PARTICIPANTS: Smokers from the basic health zone who wanted to quit smoking between 2006 and 2012 and requested help. INTERVENTIONS: Multicomponent treatment of 5face-to-face sessions and follow-up for up to 12 months. PRIMARY MEASUREMENTS: The activity was evaluated in 263 participants more than 5years after the end of treatment. The results of continuous and punctual withdrawal were obtained by self-declaration and the data recorded in the medical record. The punctual was also validated with co-oximetry. RESULTS: After a year 42.7% of participants declared continuous abstinence. From 5 to 12 years later, the continuous declared abstinence further than 12 months was 40.7%. They did not smoke again since the end of the treatment 66 people; 68.0% of those who relapsed made new attempts and 45.5% of them requested help to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed multi-component treatment is effective. Abstinence at 12 months predicts long-term maintenance and participating in disabling groups favors further attempts in case of relapse and the request for help to quit smoking.

Cambios en el abandono del consumo de tabaco en España, 1987-2020 / Changes in smoking cessation in Spain, 1987-2020

Introducción: El objetivo del estudio fue estimar y describir la evolución del abandono del consumo de tabaco en España desde 1987 hasta 2020, según las principales características sociodemográficas.Material y métodoAnálisis de la serie histórica de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y la Encuesta Europea de Salud en España. Se definió la proporción de abandono (PA) como el número de exfumadores entre el total de personas que fuman o han fumado alguna vez en su vida. Otras variables de estudio fueron: año de la encuesta, edad, sexo y nivel de estudios. Se elaboraron modelos de regresión de Poisson ajustados simultáneamente por las características sociodemográficas, estimando para cada año la PA estandarizada y sus intervalos de confianza al 95%.ResultadosLa diferencia absoluta de la PA estandarizada aumentó desde 1987 a 2017 un 18,6% (IC95%: 16,8-20,4), siendo moderadamente superior en los hombres (19,2%; IC95%: 17,1-21,4) que en las mujeres (16,5%; IC95%: 13,3-19,7). Se observó un incremento del abandono en todos los grupos etarios, pero de mayor magnitud según aumentaba la edad, estimando una diferencia de PA entre 1987 y 2017 del 22,4% (IC95%: 17,7-27,1) en los ≥65años. Las personas con estudios universitarios mostraron un mayor incremento durante el periodo (32,7%; IC95%: 27,5-38,0), especialmente si se compara con los de menor nivel de estudios (9,0%; IC95%: 4,8-13,2).ConclusiónLa PA se ha incrementado intensamente y de forma sostenida desde 1987, pero se detectan importantes diferencias según la edad y el nivel de estudios, destacando el gran incremento de la inequidad observada en estos 33 años de evolución. (AU)

Introduction: The goal of this study was to estimate and to describe the smoking cessation changes in Spain from 1987 to 2020, according to the main sociodemographic characteristics.Material and methodAnalysis of the historical series of the Spanish National Health Survey and the European Health Survey in Spain. Quit rate (QR) was defined as the number of former smokers among the total number of people who are smokers or have smoked at some time in their life. Other included variables were year of survey, age, gender and educational level. Poisson regression models were simultaneously adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, estimating QR and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each year.ResultsThe absolute difference in standardized QR increased from 1987 to 2017 by 18.6% (95%CI: 16.8-20.4), being moderately higher in men (19.2%; 95%CI: 17.1-21.4) than in women (16.5%; 95%CI: 13.3-19.7). An increase in QR was observed in all age groups, but its magnitude increased with age, estimating a difference in QR between 1987 and 2017 of 22.4% (95%CI: 17.7-27.1) in those aged over 64. People having university studies showed a higher QR during the period, 32.7% (95%CI: 27.5-38.0), especially when compared to those with a lower level of education (9.0%; 95%CI: 4.8-13.2).ConclusionQR has increased sharply and steadily since 1987, however important differences were detected according to age and educational level, highlighting the large increase in inequity observed in these 33 years of evolution. (AU)

Perfil dos sobreviventes de violência sexual e factores associados ao abandono de seguimento de cuidados pós violência, nos centros integrados de atendimento do hospital geral josé macamo e hospital geral de mavalane entre 2019 e 2020 / Profile of survivors of sexual violence and factors associated with abandonment of follow-up of post-violence care, in the Integrated care centers of the José macamo general hospital and mavalane general hospital between 2019 and 2020

Introdução: A violência sexual afecta vários segmentos da sociedade e é um problema de saúde pública, que prejudica a saúde e o bem-estar de milhões de indivíduos no mundo. O seguimento pós violência sexual tem sido um dos maiores desafios enfrentados pelos profissionais de saúde, pois requer um cuidado, que não depende só do profissional, mas também dos sobreviventes. O estudo visa analisar o perfil dos sobreviventes de violência sexual e os factores associados ao abandono de cuidados pós violência sexual, no Hospital Geral José Macamo (HGJM) e Hospital Geral de Mavalane (HGM) entre 2019 e 2020. Métodos: Foi conduzido um estudo retrospectivo transversal, com uma abordagem quantitativa, no período entre Janeiro de 2019 à Dezembro 2020. Foram utilizados dados secundários colectados nas fichas de notificação e processos dos sobreviventes de violência sexual, atendidos nos Centros de Atendimento Integrado dos HGM e HGJM. Foram avaliados os casos de abandono e não abandono aos cuidados pós violência sexual com idade compreendida dos 2-56 anos. Para análise foi usado o pacote estatístico Stata 16.1, tendo se realizado análises de regressão logística e teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: No total foram revistas 318 fichas de notificação de sobreviventes de violência sexual, onde a maioria eram do sexo feminino 98% (313/318), com idades entre 2 a 56 anos, e mediana de idade de 15 anos (DP±8.3). Maior parte deles eram solteiros 97% (308/318) e residentes no distrito municipal Kamubukuane em 36% (114/318). Cerca de 55% (174/318) deles conheciam o seu agressor e a maior parte das agressões em 46% (147/318), ocorreram na casa do agressor…

Introduction: Sexual violence affects various segments of the society and it is a public health problem, which harms the health and well-being of millions of people in the world. Post sexual violence follow-up has been one of the biggest challenges faced by health professionals, as it requires care, which does not depend only on the professional, but also on the survivors. The study aims to analazy the profile of sexual violence survivors and factors associated with abandonment of post sexual violence care, at Jose Macamo General Hospital (JMGH) and Mavalane General Hospital (MGH) between 2019 and 2020. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted in the period from January 2019 to December 2020. Secondary data collected from the notification forms and files of survivors of sexual violence, assisted at the Integrated Care Centres of HGM and HGJM, were used. Abandonment and non-abandonment cases to post sexual violence care aged 2-56 years were assessed. The statistical package Stata 16.1 was used for analysis, and logistic regression analysis and chi square test were performed. Results: A total of 318 notification forms of sexual violence survivors were reviewed, where majority were female 98% (313/318), aged between 2-56 years, and average age of 17 years (SD±8.3). Most of them were single 97% (308/318) and residing in Kamubukuane municipal district 36% (114/318). About 55% (174/318) of them knew their abuser and most of the assaults 46% (147/318) occurred at the abuser's home…

The Interaction between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Neuropsychological Deficits for Explaining Dropout and Recidivism of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators / La interacción entre el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad y los déficits neuropsicológicos para explicar el abandono prematuro de la intervención y la reincidencia de los maltratadores

Objective: Even though previous research has identified the negative impact of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, less is known regarding the moderator factors that explain this association. In this study, we first aimed to assess whether there would be differences in terms of specific neuropsychological variables (e.g., IQ, working memory, executive functioning, and emotion decoding) between different groups of IPV perpetrators, affected or not by ADHD, and also compared with non-violent men (without ADHD). Second, we evaluated differences in dropout and recidivism among the subgroups of IPV perpetrators. Third, we assessed whether ADHD interacts with neuropsychological functioning to explain treatment compliance (dropout) and official recidivism among IPV perpetrators. Method: We administered a set of neuropsychological tests and self-reports to a group of IPV perpetrators with ADHD (n = 161), without ADHD (n = 163), and non-violent men (n = 103). Data on IPV perpetrators’ treatment compliance and official recidivism were collected after treatment. Results: Our results indicated that all the groups of IPV perpetrators presented worse performance in all cognitive domains than controls. Furthermore, ADHD IPV perpetrators also showed worse performance in all cognitive domains than IPV perpetrators without ADHD, except for emotion decoding abilities. Most importantly, the combined subtype of ADHD IPV perpetrators presented the highest rate of dropout and official recidivism. Lastly, ADHD diagnosis and neuropsychological impairments separately offered a considerable explanation of treatment compliance and recidivism but their combination did not increase the amount of explained variance. Conclusions: Our study highlights the need to implement good screening processes for correctly diagnosing IPV perpetrators and, consequently, designing more effective intervention programs. (AU)

Objetivo: Existen múltiples investigaciones que han identificado el impacto negativo del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) en la perpetración de la violencia contra la mujer en las relaciones de pareja. Sin embargo, existen menos evidencias sobre los factores moderadores que explicarían la asociación entre dichas variables. Por lo tanto, el primer objetivo de este estudio ha sido valorar si existen diferencias en variables neuropsicológicas específicas (p. ej., cociente intelectual, memoria de trabajo, funcionamiento ejecutivo y decodificación de las emociones) entre diferentes grupos de hombres que ejercen violencia contra la mujer en las relaciones de pareja (o maltratadores), afectados o no por el TDAH, y también en comparación con hombres no violentos (sin TDAH). En segundo lugar, evaluamos las diferencias en el abandono prematuro de la intervención y la reincidencia entre los subgrupos de maltratadores. En tercer lugar, calculamos si el TDAH interactuaba con el funcionamiento neuropsicológico para explicar el abandono prematuro de la intervención y la reincidencia oficial en maltratadores. Método: Administramos un conjunto de pruebas neuropsicológicas y autoinformes a un grupo de maltratadores con TDAH (n = 161), sin TDAH (n = 163) y hombres no violentos (n = 103). Tras finalizar el tratamiento se recopilaron datos sobre el cumplimiento del tratamiento de los maltratadores y la reincidencia oficial. (AU)