ABSTRACT
Objective: To provide the theoretical basis for determining the best harvesting plant organ and harvesting period, and investigate the content of chemical constituents of Callicarpa nudiflora in different plant organs and different growth periods. Methods: The contents of total flavonoids, total phenolic acid and total saponins were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the seven components were determined by HPLC. The ANOVA and PCA methods were used to analyze the content of each constituent. Results: The dry extract rate, the contents of total flavonoids, total phenolic acid, total saponins, forsythiaside B, acteoside, isoacteoside, and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside in functional leaves were the highest, while the contents of caffeic acid, galuteolin and luteolin in tender leaves were the highest, and all of them were significantly different from the young shoots (P 0.05). The contents of total phenolic acid, total saponins, forsythiaside B, and acteoside were the highest in the FB period, and there was no significant difference with the EFS period (P > 0.05). The contents of galuteolin and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were the highest in the earlier fruit maturation (EFM) period and the later fruit maturation (LFM) period, respectively, and there was no significant difference with the EFS period (P > 0.05). The contents of each chemical component were reduced to the minimum at the fruit-drop (FD) period, and it was significantly different from that at the EFS period and the FB period (P < 0.05). According to the comprehensive evaluation model constructed by PCA, the comprehensive score of the EFS period was the highest (F = 3.252), followed by the FB period (F = 3.011). Conclusion: Main chemical constituents of C. nudiflora were significantly different in harvesting parts and growth periods. The contents of main chemical constituents were higher in functional leaves and tender leaves, and the contents of main chemical constituents were higher from FB period to EFS period.
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Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the stem and leaves of Rubus caesius and the inhibitory activities on PTP 1B. Methods: Compounds were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified by spectral methods. The PTP1B inhibitory activities were screened by microplate reader. Results: Five compounds were obtained from the stems of R. caesius respectively, elucidated as naringin (1), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), isoquercitrin (3), hyperoside (4), and (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate (ECG) (5), and two compounds were obtained from the leaves respectively, elucidated as acteoside (6) and ellagic acid (7) respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 1-7 are isolated from this plant for the first time. Different fractions and compounds showed different PTP1B inhibitory activities and acteoside showed high PTP1B inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of (27.41 ± 0.61) μg/mL. This compound may be the main active composition of leaves ethyl acetate fraction.
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Objective: To establish an HPLC digital fingerprint for flower petals of Danfeng (Paeonia ostii), and apply it in the determination of other six varieties of P. suffruticosa produced in Heze areas, while determining the contents of eight components in the flower petals. Methods: Nano-Micro C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column was adopted and the gradient mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A)-0.1% formic acid (B) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, the detective wavelength was 270 nm, and the column temperature was 25 ℃. Results: The chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system for traditional Chinese medicines was used for analysis. The chromatographic fingerprint similarity of six batches of Danfeng samples was more than 0.993. There were altogether 14 common peaks, and eight of them were identified. A comparative analysis showed a similarity between samples of Danfeng and other six varieties produced in Heze. Meanwhile, the content of eight major chemical constituents, namely gallic acid, methyl gallate, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-neospheroside, dihydrokaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, paeoniflorin, and oxypaeoniflorin were determined in the range of 0.05-1.41, 1.01-4.41, 0.70-5.55, 4.60-18.30, 10.05-33.87, 0.09-1.76, 3.16-11.12, 0.85-2.02 mg/g. Conclusion: The combination of HPLC digital fingerprint and content determination could reflect its inherent quality in an all-round way, which provided scientific basis for the quality evaluation of P. suffruticosa.
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Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the whole plant of Carpesium faberi. Methods: Compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS, sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were identified by comparison of their experimental spectroscopic data with their reported data. Results: The phytochemistry investigation led to the isolation of 12 compounds, and their structures were elucidated as ent-kaurane-3β,16β,17-triol (1), 3-(hydroxy-acetyl)-1H-indole (2), 8,9,10-trihydroxythymol (3), 8-hydroxy-9,10-diisobutyryloxy-thymol (4), neryl-β-D- glucopyranoside (5), (3S)-linalyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), (1R,2S,4S,5R)-2,5-dihydroxy-p-menthane (7), luteolin (8), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), medioresinol (10), pinoresinol (11), and a mixture of silybin and isosilybin (12). Conclusion: All compounds except compound 7 are not only isolated from this plant for the first time, but also from this genus for the first time.
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Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of five flavonnid components in different parts of Callistephus chinensis. Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on an XUnion C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a gradient of acetonitrile and water, at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and detected at 210 nm. Results: The calibration curve was linear within 2.5-200 mg/L for hyperoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin, apigenin, and kaempferol, respectively, with the correlation r > 0.999 0. The extraction recoveries varied from 95% to 105%. Conclusion: The method is accurate and selective, and can be used for the quality control of different parts of C. chinensis.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Medicago polymorpha Linn. METHODS: Compounds were separated by column chromatography with silica gel and Sephadex LH - 20. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physiochemical and spectral analyses. RESULTS: Fourteen compounds were obtained and elucidated as apigenin(1), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester (3), apigenin-7-P-β-D-glucuronopyranoside butyl ester(4), luteolin(5), isoformononetin(6), isoliquiritigenin(7), echinocystic acid-3-O-[-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-(1 → 2) - α-L-arabinoside] (8), coumestrol(9), adenine(10), xanthine(11), n-nonyl triacontanol(12), daucosterol(13), and β-sitosterol (14). CONCLUSION: These compounds were isolated from Medicago polymorpha for the first time. Compounds 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11 and 12 were isolated from the Medicago genus for the first time. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
